Endometrial large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and literature review.

Endometrial large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a highly malignant tumor that presents with neuroendocrine function. It is difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Moreover, the diagnosis depends on the pathological and immunohistochemical findings. It is also prone to distant metastasis, but is difficult to treat and shows poor prognosis. Presently, there exists no unified treatment plan, and the prognosis of this disease is also poor. We reported here an analysis and literature review of a case of endometrial LCNEC to facilitate the comprehension of this disease and provide help toward clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The ovarian carcinoma risk with the polymorphisms of CYP1B1 come from the positive selection.

Ovarian carcinoma is one of the major causes of gynecological cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CYP1 family polymorphism with the risk of ovarian carcinoma and chemotherapy resistance. Positive selection was detected among human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, and other species. Several positive sites were detected by site models and brach-site models. Meta-analysis was conducted for the sites rs1056836 (MAF 0.39) and rs1056827 (MAF 0.36) of CYP1B1 to clarify the association between gene polymorphisms and ovarian carcinoma risk. Subgroup analysis showed the association of rs1056836 polymorphism with ovarian cancer risk among Caucasians and Asians, while all the six genetic models showed no association among African-Americans. All the six genetic models showed no association of rs1056827 polymorphism with ovarian cancer risk. The polymorphisms of rs1056836 associated with ovarian cancer risk were detected in chemotherapy-sensitive and drug-resistant ovarian cancer patients. DNA was extracted from 62 chemotherapy resistance Ovarian carcinoma tissue samples and 137 chemotherapy-sensitive ovarian carcinoma tissue samples as controls. Gene polymorphisms were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY SNP approach. There was no significant association between the CYP1B1 rs1056836 polymorphism and chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer in all genetic models. The results suggest that rs1056836 polymorphism of gene CYP1B1 under obvious selection pressure had a significantly increased risk for ovarian carcinoma. However, it had no significant correlation with chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer.

LINC01541 overexpression attenuates the 17ß-Estradiol-induced migration and invasion capabilities of endometrial stromal cells.

Endometriosis affects 6-10% of healthy women of reproductive age. Therefore, it is important to study the molecular mechanism by which endometriosis develops. This study examined whether aberrant expression of LINC01541 contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were stimulated with 10 nmol/L of 17ß-Estradiol (17ß-E2) to simulate ectopic cells found in endometriosis. Next, the levels of proteins related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion, and metastasis were investigated. The effects of LINCO1541 silencing and overexpression were also examined in ESCs. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. ESCs stimulated with 17ß-E2 displayed increased levels of N-Cadherin and vimentin expression, but decreased levels of E-Cadherin expression. 17ß-E2 promoted the migration and invasion of ESCs, and those affects were partially reversed by overexpression of LINC01541. Furthermore, silencing of LINC01541 attenuated apoptosis and promoted the EMT of ESCs, while overexpression of LINC01541 stimulated cell apoptosis, increased the levels of caspase 3 protein, and decreased the levels of B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein. Overexpression of LINC01541 also decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) by repressing the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Our, results suggest that LINC01541 can inhibit the EMT process, metastasis of ESCs, and VEGFA expression by regulating the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Abbreviations: ESCs: endometrial stromal cells; 17ß-E2: 17ß-Estradiol; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; CASP3: caspase 3; BCL2: B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2; VEGFA: vascular endothelial growth factor A; lncRNA: long non-coding RNA; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.