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Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a radiomics nomogram based on grayscale ultrasound (US) for preoperatively predicting Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in patients with pathologically confirmed T1 (pT1) breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Methods: One hundred and ninety-two patients with pT1 IDC between September 2020 and August 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Study population was randomly divided in a 7: 3 ratio into a training dataset of 134 patients (37 patients with LVI-positive) and a validation dataset of 58 patients (19 patients with LVI-positive). Clinical information and conventional US (CUS) features (called clinic_CUS features) were recorded and evaluated to predict LVI. In the training dataset, independent predictors of clinic_CUS features were obtained by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and incorporated into a clinic_CUS prediction model. In addition, radiomics features were extracted from the grayscale US images, and the radiomics score (Radscore) was constructed after radiomics feature selection. Subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed for Radscore and the independent predictors of clinic_CUS features, and a radiomics nomogram was developed. The performance of the nomogram model was evaluated via its discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. Results: The US reported axillary lymph node metastasis (LNM) (US_LNM) status and tumor margin were determined as independent risk factors, which were combined for the construction of clinic_CUS prediction model for LVI in pT1 IDC. Moreover, tumor margin, US_LNM status and Radscore were independent predictors, incorporated as the radiomics nomogram model, which achieved a superior discrimination to the clinic_CUS model in the training dataset (AUC: 0.849 vs. 0.747; P < 0.001) and validation dataset (AUC: 0.854 vs. 0.713; P = 0.001). Calibration curve for the radiomic nomogram showed good concordance between predicted and actual probability. Furthermore, decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed that the radiomics nomogram had higher clinical net benefit than the clinic_CUS model. Conclusion: The US-based radiomics nomogram, incorporating tumor margin, US_LNM status and Radscore, showed a satisfactory preoperative prediction of LVI in pT1 IDC patients.
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Leaves are one of the vegetative organs of plants that are essential for plant growth and development. PIN-FORMED (PINs) gene is an indoleacetic acid (IAA) transporter that plays a critical role in leaf development. To determine the function of BpPIN3 in leaf polarity formation in Betula pendula, the transgenic lines with BpPIN3 overexpression (OE) and BpPIN3-reduced expression (RE) were analyzed using the Agrobacterium-mediated method. The RE lines displayed the characteristics of leaf margin adaxial upward curling, with lower expression of BpPIN3 resulting in greater rolling. Tissue localization of IAA in the auxin GUS reporter system proved that auxin in the RE was mainly distributed in the secondary veins, palisade tissues, and epidermal cells in the leaf margin area. The auxin content in the leaf margin area was significantly greater than that in the main vein tissue. The cell density of the palisade tissue and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue in the curled leaf margin of the RE lines were found to be significantly decreased. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the RE hormone-signaling pathway genes were significantly enriched compared with those of the OE and WT lines; in particular, the auxin response-related genes SAURs (i.e., SAUR23, SAUR24, SAUR28, and SAUR50) and GH3.10 were found to be significantly upregulated. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that BpPIN3 expression at the leaf margin was significantly lower than that near the main vein in the RE lines. In contrast, the expression levels of SAURs and GH3.10 were significantly higher than those near the midrib. In conclusion, BpPIN3 regulates the expression of auxin response-related genes and the polar transport of auxin to change the polar form of the proximal and distal axes of birch leaves.
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[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.001.].
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Poplar is an important afforestation and ornamental tree species in Northeast China. The distribution area of saline-alkali land is approximately 765 hm2 in Northeast China. The breeding of saline-alkali-resistant transgenic trees could be an effective method of afforestation in saline-alkali land. WRKY transcription factors play a crucial role in abiotic stress. In this study, we analyzed the genetic stability of the two-year-old PsnWRKY70 transgenic poplars. The results showed that PsnWRKY70 of transgenic poplars had been expressed stably and normally at the mRNA level. The gene interference expression (RE) lines had no significant effect on the growth of PsnWRKY70 under NaHCO3 stress, and the alkali damage index of RE lines was significantly lower than that of WT and overexpression (OE) lines at day 15 under NaHCO3 stress. POD activity was significantly higher in RE lines than in WT. The MDA content of the RE line was lower than that of the WT line. Transcriptome analysis showed that RE lines up-regulated genes enriched in cell wall organization or biogenesis pathway-related genes such as EXPA8, EXPA4, EXPA3, EXPA1, EXPB3, EXP10, PME53, PME34, PME36, XTH9, XTH6, XTH23, CESA1, CESA3, CES9; FLA11, FLA16 and FLA7 genes. These genes play an important role in NaHCO3 stress. Our study showed that the interference expression of the PsnWRKY70 gene can enhance the tolerance of NaHCO3 in poplar.
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Populus , Populus/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Melhoramento Vegetal , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Álcalis/metabolismoRESUMO
WRKY is an important complex family of transcription factors involved in plant immune responses. Among them, WRKY70 plays an important role in the process of the plant defense response to the invasion of pathogens. However, the defense mechanism of PsnWRKY70 is not clear in Populus nigra. In this study, we showed that PsnWRKY70-overexpression lines (OE) had fewer leaf blight symptoms than PsnWRKY70-repressing lines (RE). PsnWRKY70 activated MAP kinase cascade genes (PsnM2K4, PsnMPK3, PsnM3K18), calcium channel proteins-related genes (PsnCNG3, PsnCNGC1, PsnCNG4), and calcium-dependent protein kinases genes (PsnCDPKL, PsnCDPKW, PsnCDPKS, PsnCDPKQ). Furthermore, 129 genes of PsnWRKY70 putative genome-wide direct targets (DTGs) were identified by using transcriptome (RNA-seq) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq). PsnWRKY70 directly binds to the promoters of homologous genes and LRR domain proteins to promote the expression of WRKY6, WRKY18, WRKY22, and WRKY22-1, LRR domain proteins LRR8, LRR-RLK, ADR1-like 2, NB-ARC, etc. Our study suggests that PsnWRKY70 enhances the resistance of A. alternata in poplar by activating genes in both pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI).
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Populus , Alternaria/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Populus/genética , Populus/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Retracted on the author's request: "We would like to withdraw our manuscript. We restarted the project for further study last year, we found that the results in this study are not solid enough and need to be further explored." Reference: Zong-Qiang Wang, Dian-Hui Xiu, Gui-Feng Liu, Jin-Lan Jiang. Overexpression of Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) Gene Contributes to Surgical Repair of Brachial Plexus Injury After Contralateral C7 Nerve Root Transfer in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24: 5779-5787; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.908144.
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The original version of this article unfortunately has errors and should be corrected.
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Dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, their underlying role in the complication of detrusor fibrosis remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the potential functional relevance of miR-363 in detrusor fibrosis of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM through the predicted target gene collagen type I alpha 2 (Col1a2). Immunohistochemical analysis found an increase in the positive expression of collagen type III alpha 1 (Col3a1) and Col1a2 in detrusor tissues, where miR-363 expression was decreased. Next, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to clarify the effects of miR-363 and Col1a2 on the activities of bladder detrusor cells. Of note, binding affinity between miR-363 and Col1a2 was verified by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Upregulated miR-363 inhibited Col1a2 expression, which led to increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Smad7 and accelerated cell viability, along with decreases in cell apoptosis and Col3a1, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, and Smad4 expressions. In conclusion, miR-363 upregulation reduces detrusor fibrosis in rats with STZ-induced T2DM through suppression of the TGF-ß1/Smad signaling pathway by targeting Col1a2. Therefore, our study provided further insights for the development of new therapeutic targets for T2DM.
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BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease, affects around 1% population worldwide, with the life quality of patients severely reduced. In this study, it is intended to explore the role of long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) in RA and the underlying mechanisms associated with let-7c-5p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). METHODS: LncRNA XIST, let-7c-5p, and STAT3 expressions were determined in RA and normal cartilage tissues, and their relationship was analyzed in osteoblasts. The regulatory effects of lncRNA XIST in RA were investigated when XIST expression was upregulated or downregulated in osteoblasts. TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, TGF-ß1, and IGF1 were measured in vivo in RA rats. RESULTS: LncRNA XIST and STAT3 were expressed at high levels and let-7c-5p expressed at a low level in RA cartilage tissues. LncRNA XIST silencing or let-7c-5p enhancement led to decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6, suggestive of suppressed inflammatory response, and increased levels of ALP, osteocalcin, TGF-ß1, and IGF-1 as well as reduced damage in cartilage tissues. CONCLUSION: LncRNA XIST downregulation could promote proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in RA, serving as a future therapeutic target for RA.
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Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoblastos/citologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genéticaRESUMO
Int J Mol Med 42: [Related article:] 105114, 2018; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3591. The authors have requested that their research article entitled 'Diagnostic and prognostic value of contrastenhanced ultrasound combined with diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging in different subtypes of breast cancer' published in International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42, 105114, 2018, be retracted. This study was conceived jointly by the research institute of the authors' hospital (Jilin University ChinaJapan Friendship Hospital) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and the clinical data were obtained from the two institutes. It is regrettable that the scientific research unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University did not authorize the publication of these results, and the authors have subsequently received an official request from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University to retract this paper, since the results of their article have infringed the scientific research rights of the third party. The Editor of International Journal of Molecular Medicine agrees that the article should be retracted from the publication in view of the infringement of the scientific rights of the third party. All the named authors agree to this retraction. The authors apologize to the Editor and to the readership of the Journal, and regret any inconvenience this will cause.
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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one the most common cancers, making it the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with tightly regulated expression patterns, also serve as tumor suppressor during tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of LINC00968 in breast cancer via WNT2-mediated Wnt2/ß-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS: Breast cancer chip GSE26910 was utilized to identify differential expression in LINC00968 and WNT2. The possible relationship among LINC00968, transcriptional repressor HEY and WNT2 was analyzed and then verified. Effects of LINC00968 on activation of the Wnt2/ß-catenin signaling pathway was also tested. Drug resistance, colony formation, cell migration, invasion ability and cell apoptosis after transfection were also determined. Furthermore, tumor xenograft in nude mice was performed to test tumor growth and weight in vivo. RESULTS: WNT2 expression exhibited at a high level, whereas LINC00968 at a low expression in breast cancer which was also associated with poor prognosis in patients. LINC00968 targeted and negatively regulated WNT2 potentially via HEY1. Either overexpressed LINC00968 or silenced inhibited activation of the Wnt2/ß-catenin signaling pathway, thereby reducing drug resistance, decreasing colony formation ability, as well as suppressing migration and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells in addition to inducing apoptosis. Lastly, in vivo experiment suggested that LINC00968 overexpression also suppressed transplanted tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSION: Collectively, overexpressed LINC00968 contributes to reduced drug resistance in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of the Wnt2/ß-catenin signaling pathway through silencing WNT2. This study offers a new target for the development of breast cancer treatment.
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Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Via de Sinalização Wnt/genética , Proteína Wnt2/genética , beta Catenina/genética , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinogênese/genética , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Transcrição Gênica/genéticaRESUMO
The study aims to investigate the analgesic effects of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) on bone cancer pain (BCP) by targeting Eph receptor B1 (EphB1) through the EphB1/EphrinB2 signaling pathway. BCP mice models were established, and C3H/HeJ female mice were classified into the normal, blank, negative control (NC), miR-129-5p mimics, miR-129-5p inhibitors, EphB1 knockout (KO), and miR-129-5p inhibitors + EphB1 KO groups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the miR-129-5p expression, and messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of EphB1, p-EphB1, EphrinB2, and p-EphrinB2. EphB1 and EphrinB2 were highly activated in the tibias of BCP mice 7 days after the operation. EphB1 is a target gene of miR-129-5p. The mechanical withdrawal threshold increased in the miR-129-5p mimics, EphB1 KO and miR-129-5p inhibitors + EphB1 KO groups, but decreased in the miR-129-5p inhibitors group. Compared with the blank and the NC groups, the expression of miR-129-5p was significantly increased in the miR-129-5p mimics group, and the mRNA and protein expressions of EphrinB2, p-EphrinB2, EphB1, and p-EphB1 were significantly decreased, while in the miR-129-5p inhibitors group, the results were opposite (all P < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of EphrinB2, p-EphrinB2, EphB1, and p-EphB1 were significantly decreased in the EphB1 KO group (all P < 0.05); the expression of miR-129-5p was significantly decreased in the miR-129-5p inhibitors + EphB1 KO group ( P < 0.05), while the mRNA and protein expressions of EphrinB2 and p-EphrinB2 were not significantly different ( P > 0.05). The results indicated that upregulated miR-129-5p alleviate BCP via downregulation of the EphB1/EphrinB2 signaling pathway.
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Neoplasias Ósseas/complicações , Dor do Câncer/etiologia , Dor do Câncer/genética , Efrina-B1/metabolismo , Efrina-B2/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Dor do Câncer/fisiopatologia , Efrina-B1/genética , Efrina-B2/genética , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/genética , Limiar da Dor , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tíbia/patologiaRESUMO
Recently, targeted agents were reported to improve overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, and quality of life compared with cytotoxic chemotherapies, which provides hope for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The network meta-analysis is applied to compare the efficacies and adverse events of five targeted agents (erlotinib, gefitinib, vandetanib, dacomitinib, and icotinib) for advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Nine eligible randomized controlled trials from PubMed and Cochrane Library database were included. Weighted mean difference, odds ratio, and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values were evaluated for the efficacy and adverse events of the five targeted agents in the treatment of NSCLC. With regard to efficacy, the overall response rate (ORR) of advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib was relatively higher than those treated with placebo. Compared with patients treated with placebo, the disease control rate (DCR) of patients treated with erlotinib and with gefitinib was relatively higher. Furthermore, in terms of PFS and DCR, the SUCRA value of icotinib was the highest among the five targeted drugs. With regard to ORR, the SUCRA value of gefitinib was the highest among the five targeted drugs. In terms of fatigue, rash, and cough, erlotinib had the lowest SUCRA value, whereas vandetanib exhibited the lowest SUCRA value in terms of diarrhea. Our study suggests that the efficacies of gefitinib and icotinib for advanced or metastatic NSCLC were comparatively better, whereas the toxicities of erlotinib and vandetanib were relatively greater.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Éteres de Coroa/uso terapêutico , Cloridrato de Erlotinib/uso terapêutico , Gefitinibe/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Quinazolinas/uso terapêutico , Quinazolinonas/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/secundário , Éteres de Coroa/efeitos adversos , Progressão da Doença , Cloridrato de Erlotinib/efeitos adversos , Gefitinibe/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Metanálise em Rede , Piperidinas/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Quinazolinas/efeitos adversos , Quinazolinonas/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND Surgeons usually transfer the contralateral C7 to the median nerve on the injured side via a nerve graft to recover sensation and movement in a paralyzed hand. The purpose of our study was to determine whether NRG-1 affects the recovery of nerve function in brachial plexus injury after contralateral C7 nerve root transfer in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS An injury model of left brachial plexus and contralateral C7 nerve root transfer was established. Four weeks after the operation, NRG-1 expression was examined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The diameter rate differences of the healthy limb and affected limb were estimated. The postoperative mass of the left latissimus dorsi, triceps, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and musculus extensor digitorum were examined. The number of nerve fibers and typical area of the affected side were assessed. Postoperative left motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and motor nerve action potential (MNAP) were tested by use of a biological information recording and collecting system. RESULTS Eukaryotic expression plasmid of pcDNA4/myc/A-NRG-1 was successfully constructed, and NRG-1 was overexpressed. Compared with the model group, the NRG-1 group had a lower rate of differences of the limbs; higher mass of left latissimus dorsi, triceps, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and musculus extensor digitorum; more nerve fibers and larger typical area in the affected side, left MNCV, and MNAP; and wider CSA of the left triceps. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that NRG-1 can promote recovery of nerve function in brachial plexus injury after contralateral C7 nerve root transfer in rats.
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Plexo Braquial/lesões , Plexo Braquial/cirurgia , Vértebras Cervicais/inervação , Expressão Gênica , Transferência de Nervo , Neuregulina-1/genética , Raízes Nervosas Espinhais/cirurgia , Cicatrização , Potenciais de Ação , Animais , Plexo Braquial/fisiopatologia , Vértebras Cervicais/patologia , Masculino , Neurônios Motores/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Atrofia Muscular/patologia , Atrofia Muscular/fisiopatologia , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Condução Nervosa , Neuregulina-1/metabolismo , Tamanho do Órgão , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Recombinação Genética/genética , Raízes Nervosas Espinhais/patologia , Raízes Nervosas Espinhais/fisiopatologia , Regulação para Cima/genéticaRESUMO
The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) in different subtypes of breast cancer (BC). CEUS and DWMRI were conducted in 232 patients with BC prior to surgical treatment. Patients were categorized as having the luminal A subtype, the luminal B subtype, triplenegative subtype or the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)positive subtype according to their expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2, as detected by immunohistochemistry. The CEUS and DWMRI parameters of patients with different subtypes of BC were obtained and analyzed. The risk factors for the prognosis of patients with different subtypes of BC were analyzed using KaplanMeier and COX regression analyses. The diagnostic accuracy rate of CEUS combined with DWMRI (93.10%) was higher than that of CEUS (88.79%) or DWMRI (82.33%) alone. The local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate of the Her2positive subtype were the highest among all the subtypes. Furthermore, patients with Her2positive BC exhibited a higher proportion of lesions with indistinct margins and histological grade III. Lymph node metastasis and BC subtype were independent risk factors for the prognosis of BC. The overall survival and diseasefree survival of patients with the luminal A subtype were higher than those of patients with the Her2positive subtype. The results of the current study therefore indicate that CEUS combined with DWMRI is more effective at diagnosing the different subtypes of BC than either CEUS or DWMRI alone.
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Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Meios de Contraste/química , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Ultrassonografia , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/classificação , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the short-term efficacy and adverse events of different drugs for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), providing a more effective treatment for PMO. We initially searched through various databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception till October 2016. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of drugs for the treatment of PMO were included for direct and indirect comparison. A combination of direct and indirect evidence of different inhibitors of anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of PMO were considered for calculating the weighted mean difference (WMD) value or odd ratio (OR) value and to draw surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves. Twenty-seven RCTs were ultimately incorporated into this network meta-analysis comprising of 48 200 patients suffering from PMO. The network meta-analysis revealed that compared with placebo, alendronate had better efficacy on improving bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Risedronate and raloxifene had relatively lower incidence of new vertebral fractures. The SUCRA analysis showed that alendronate had better efficacy on improving BMD, risedronate could significantly decrease the incidence of fresh fracture and bazedoxifene was relatively safe. The available evidence suggested that alendronate and risedronate might be the superior choices for the treatment of PMO, while bazedoxifene was a comparatively safer option for patients.