RESUMO
Inhibition of mutant B-Raf signaling, through either direct inhibition of the enzyme or inhibition of MEK, the direct substrate of Raf, has been demonstrated preclinically to inhibit tumor growth. Very recently, treatment of B-Raf mutant melanoma patients with a selective B-Raf inhibitor has resulted in promising preliminary evidence of antitumor activity. This article describes the design and optimization of tetrahydronaphthalene-derived compounds as potent inhibitors of the Raf pathway in vitro and in vivo. These compounds possess good pharmacokinetic properties in rodents and inhibit B-Raf mutant tumor growth in mouse xenograft models.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/antagonistas & inibidores , Tetra-Hidronaftalenos/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/enzimologia , Melanoma Experimental/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Moleculares , Mutação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tetra-Hidronaftalenos/química , Tetra-Hidronaftalenos/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Starting from a tripeptide screening hit, a series of dipeptide inhibitors of the proteasome with Thr as the P3 residue has been optimized with the aid of crystal structures in complex with the ß-5/6 active site of y20S. Derivative 25, (ß5 IC(50)=7.4 nM) inhibits only the chymotryptic activity of the proteasome, shows cellular activity against targets in the UPS, and inhibits proliferation.
Assuntos
Quimotripsina/antagonistas & inibidores , Dipeptídeos/química , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Treonina/química , Humanos , Modelos MolecularesRESUMO
The mammalian 26S proteasome is a 2500 kDa multi-catalytic complex involved in intracellular protein degradation. We describe the synthesis and properties of a novel series of non-covalent di-peptide inhibitors of the proteasome based [corrected] on a capped tri-peptide that was first identified by high-throughput screening of a library of approx. 350000 compounds for inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in cells. We show that these compounds are entirely selective for the beta5 (chymotrypsin-like) site over the beta1 (caspase-like) and beta2 (trypsin-like) sites of the 20S core particle of the proteasome, and over a panel of less closely related proteases. Compound optimization, guided by X-ray crystallography of the liganded 20S core particle, confirmed their non-covalent binding mode and provided a structural basis for their enhanced in vitro and cellular potencies. We demonstrate that such compounds show low nanomolar IC50 values for the human 20S beta5 site in vitro, and that pharmacological inhibition of this site in cells is sufficient to potently inhibit the degradation of a tetra-ubiquitin-luciferase reporter, activation of NFkappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) in response to TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha) and the proliferation of cancer cells. Finally, we identified capped di-peptides that show differential selectivity for the beta5 site of the constitutively expressed proteasome and immunoproteasome in vitro and in B-cell lymphomas. Collectively, these studies describe the synthesis, activity and binding mode of a new series of non-covalent proteasome inhibitors with unprecedented potency and selectivity for the beta5 site, and which can discriminate between the constitutive proteasome and immunoproteasome in vitro and in cells.
Assuntos
Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteassoma , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Ácidos Borônicos/farmacologia , Bortezomib , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Células HCT116 , Células HT29 , Humanos , Cinética , Luciferases/genética , Luciferases/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Oligopeptídeos/química , Oligopeptídeos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Inibidores de Proteases/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/genética , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Subunidades Proteicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Subunidades Proteicas/genética , Subunidades Proteicas/metabolismo , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Interferência de RNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Ubiquitina/genética , Ubiquitina/metabolismoRESUMO
A high throughput screen identified N-aroylpyrazoline 1 as a selective inhibitor of the V600E mutant of B-Raf kinase. Parallel synthesis of acyl, aroyl, and sulfonyl derivatives led to the identification of several potent inhibitors in both enzymatic and cellular (pERK) assays such as compound 42.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/química , Piridinas/química , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/metabolismo , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The discovery of novel pyrazoline derivatives as B-Raf (V600E) inhibitors is described in this report. Chemical modification of the pyrazoline scaffold led to the development of SAR and identified potent and selective inhibitors of B-Raf (V600E). Determination of the pharmacokinetic properties of selected inhibitors is also reported.