Efficiency evaluation of China's transportation system considering carbon emissions: Evidence from big data analytics methods.

China's transportation sector is a vital link between production and consumption, but it also has issues with low efficiency, high carbon emissions, and technological bottlenecks. To improve efficiency and provide actionable recommendations and strategies, this study first constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system to gauge the transportation sector's inputs using panel data from different Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2021. Within the assessment system, the principal component analysis (PCA) method is used to reduce the dimension of the indexes, thereby yielding a set of adjusted inputs. Subsequently, the transportation system efficiency (TSE) is evaluated using the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model, which includes unexpected outputs such as carbon emissions, and three-stage DEA modifies the efficiency. Then, we calculate the Malmquist-Luenberger index (TML) and its components: technological change (TTC) and technological efficiency change (TEC). Lastly, the influential factors impacting TSE are analyzed via a truncated regression Tobit model. The following are the conclusions: (1) The transportation industry in China exhibits inefficiency, and the average TSE in Stage I and III is 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. TSE is underestimated due to the influence of external environmental factors and inefficiencies in management in Stage I. (2) TSE in the eastern area also produces significant carbon emissions that surpass the national average. At the same time, other regions face efficiency limitations due to geographical constraints and management obstacles. (3) Insufficient technical capacity is a major cause of inefficiency in the transport sector and is prevalent in the northeast, west, and central regions. (4) Population growth and income per capita advancements foster transportation industry development, while increased GDP, fiscal revenues, and traffic accidents contribute to declining efficiency. The study above findings serve as a foundation for regional and national management initiatives and policies to enhance transportation effectiveness.

MicroRNA-18a regulates the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis (PANoptosis) of osteoblasts induced by tumor necrosis factor-α via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is involved in inflammatory responses and promotes cell death and the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a crucial role in the infected bone diseases, however, the biological role of miRNAs in inflammation-induced impaired osteogenic differentiation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of miRNA-18a-5p (miR-18a) in regulating PANoptosis and osteogenic differentiation in an inflammatory environment via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1-α). METHODS: The expression of miR-18a in MC3T3-E1 cells was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in an inflammatory environment induced by TNF-α. The expression of HIF1-α and NLRP3 in LV-miR-18a or sh-miR-18a cells was analyzed using western blotting. Fluorescence imaging for cell death, flow cytometry, and alkaline phosphatase activity analysis were used to analyze the role of miR-18a in TNF-α-induced PANoptosis and the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. An animal model of infectious bone defect was established to validate the regulatory role of miR-18a in an inflammatory environment. RESULTS: The expression of miRNA-18a in the MC3T3-E1 cell line was significantly lower under TNF-α stimulation than in the normal environment. miR-18a significantly inhibited the expression of HIF1-α and NLRP3, and inhibition of HIF1-α expression further inhibited NLRP3 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-18a expression promoted the TNF-α-induced PANoptosis and inhibition of osteogenic differentiation, whereas miR-18a overexpression and the inhibition of both HIF1-α and NLRP3 reduced the effects of TNF-α. These findings are consistent with those of the animal experiments. CONCLUSION: miRNA-18a negatively affects HIF1-α/NLRP3 expression, inhibits inflammation-induced PANoptosis, and impairs osteogenic differentiation. Thus, it is a potential therapeutic candidate for developing anti-inflammatory strategies for infected bone diseases.

The impact of population agglomeration on ecological resilience: Evidence from China.

Due to climate change and human activities, ecological and environmental issues have become increasingly prominent and it is crucial to deeply study the coordinated development between human activities and the ecological environment. Combining panel data from 31 provinces in China spanning from 2011 to 2020, we employed a fixed-effects model, a threshold regression model, and a spatial Durbin model to empirically examine the intricate impacts of population agglomeration on ecological resilience. Our findings indicate that population agglomeration can have an impact on ecological resilience and this impact depends on the combined effects of agglomeration and crowding effects. Also, the impact of population agglomeration on ecological resilience exhibits typical dual-threshold traits due to differences in population size. Furthermore, population agglomeration not only directly impacts the ecological resilience of the local area, but also indirectly affects the ecological resilience of surrounding areas. In conclusion, we have found that population agglomeration does not absolutely impede the development of ecological resilience. On the contrary, to a certain extent, reasonable population agglomeration can even facilitate the progress of ecological resilience.

Study for Some Eccentricity-based Topological Indices of Second Type of Dominating David-derived Network.

BACKGROUND: Dominating David-derived networks are widely studied due to their fractal nature, with applications in topology, chemistry, and computer sciences. The use of molecular structure descriptors is a standard procedure that is used to correlate the biological activity of molecules with their chemical structures, which can be useful in the field of pharmacology. OBJECTIVE: This article's goal is to develop analytically closed computing formulas for eccentricity-based descriptors of the second type of dominating David-derived derived network. Thermodynamic characteristics, physicochemical properties, and chemical and biological activities of chemical graphs are just a few of the many properties that may be determined using these computation formulas. METHODS: Vertex sets were initially divided according to their degrees, eccentricities, and cardinalities of occurrence. The eccentricity-based indices are then computed using some combinatorics and these partitions. RESULTS: Total eccentricity, average eccentricity, and the Zagreb index are distance-based topological indices utilized in this study for the second type of dominating David-derived network, denoted as D_2 (m). CONCLUSION: These calculations will assist the readers in estimating the fractal and difficult-to-handle thermodynamic and physicochemical aspects of chemical structure. Apart from configuration and impact resistance, the D_2 (m) design has been used for fundamental reasons in a variety of technical and scientific advancements.

Degree Descriptors and Graph Entropy Quantities of Zeolite ACO.

BACKGROUND: Cheminformatics is a fascinating emerging subfield of chemical graph theory that studies quantitative structure-activity and property relationships of molecules and, in turn, uses these to predict the physical and chemical properties, which are extremely useful in drug discovery and optimization. Knowledge discovery can be put to use in pharmaceutical data matching to help in finding promising lead compounds. METHOD: Topological descriptors are numerical quantities corresponding to the chemical structures that are used in the study of these phenomena. RESULT: This paper is concerned with developing the generalized analytical expression of topological descriptors for zeolite ACO structures with underlying degree and degree-sum parameters. CONCLUSION: To demonstrate improved discrimination power between the topological descriptors, we have further modified Shannon's entropy approach and used it to calculate the entropy measures of zeolite ACO structures.

Entropy Related to K-Banhatti Indices via Valency Based on the Presence of C6H6 in Various Molecules.

Entropy is a measure of a system's molecular disorder or unpredictability since work is produced by organized molecular motion. Shannon's entropy metric is applied to represent a random graph's variability. Entropy is a thermodynamic function in physics that, based on the variety of possible configurations for molecules to take, describes the randomness and disorder of molecules in a given system or process. Numerous issues in the fields of mathematics, biology, chemical graph theory, organic and inorganic chemistry, and other disciplines are resolved using distance-based entropy. These applications cover quantifying molecules' chemical and electrical structures, signal processing, structural investigations on crystals, and molecular ensembles. In this paper, we look at K-Banhatti entropies using K-Banhatti indices for C6H6 embedded in different chemical networks. Our goal is to investigate the valency-based molecular invariants and K-Banhatti entropies for three chemical networks: the circumnaphthalene (CNBn), the honeycomb (HBn), and the pyrene (PYn). In order to reach conclusions, we apply the method of atom-bond partitioning based on valences, which is an application of spectral graph theory. We obtain the precise values of the first K-Banhatti entropy, the second K-Banhatti entropy, the first hyper K-Banhatti entropy, and the second hyper K-Banhatti entropy for the three chemical networks in the main results and conclusion.

Combination of D-dimer level and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts long-term clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND: High D-dimer (DD) is associated with short-term adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In ACS patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), however, the value of DD (or combined with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [NLR]) to predict long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) has not been fully evaluated. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with ACS and receiving PCI were included. The primary outcome was MACEs. Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression were used to illustrate the relationship between clinical risk factors, biomarkers and MACEs. Survival models were developed based on significant factors and evaluated by the Concordance-index (C-index). RESULTS: The final study cohort was comprised of 650 patients (median age, 64 years; 474 males), including 98 (15%) with MACEs during a median follow-up period of 40 months. According to the cut-off value of DD and NLR, the patients were separated into four groups: high DD or nonhigh DD with high or nonhigh NLR. After adjusting for confounding variables, DD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-3.76) and NLR (aHR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.78-4.11) were independently associated with long-term MACEs. Moreover, patients with both high DD and NLR had a significantly higher risk in MACEs when considering patients with nonhigh DD and NLR as reference (aHR: 6.19, 95% CI: 3.30-11.61). The area under curve increased and reached 0.70 in differentiating long-term MACEs when DD and NLR were combined, and survival models incorporating the two exhibited a stronger predictive power (C-index: 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: D-dimer (or combined with NLR) can be used to predict long-term MACEs in ACS patients undergoing PCI.

A Paradigmatic Approach to Find the Valency-Based K-Banhatti and Redefined Zagreb Entropy for Niobium Oxide and a Metal-Organic Framework.

Entropy is a thermodynamic function in chemistry that reflects the randomness and disorder of molecules in a particular system or process based on the number of alternative configurations accessible to them. Distance-based entropy is used to solve a variety of difficulties in biology, chemical graph theory, organic and inorganic chemistry, and other fields. In this article, the characterization of the crystal structure of niobium oxide and a metal-organic framework is investigated. We also use the information function to compute entropies by building these structures with degree-based indices including the K-Banhatti indices, the first redefined Zagreb index, the second redefined Zagreb index, the third redefined Zagreb index, and the atom-bond sum connectivity index.

On Topological Properties for Benzenoid Planar Octahedron Networks.

Chemical descriptors are numeric numbers that capture the whole graph structure and comprise a basic chemical structure. As a topological descriptor, it correlates with certain physical aspects in addition to its chemical representation of underlying chemical substances. In the modelling and design of any chemical network, the graph is important. A number of chemical indices have been developed in theoretical chemistry, including the Wiener index, the Randic index, and many others. In this paper, we look at the benzenoid networks and calculate the exact topological indices based on the degrees of the end vertices.

Abnormal Target Detection Method in Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Based on Convolution Neural Network.

Abnormal target detection in hyperspectral remote sensing image is one of the hotspots in image research. The image noise generated in the detection process will lead to the decline of the quality of hyperspectral remote sensing image. In view of this, this paper proposes an abnormal target detection method of hyperspectral remote sensing image based on the convolution neural network. Firstly, the deep residual learning network model has been used to remove the noise in hyperspectral remote sensing image. Secondly, the spatial and spectral features of hyperspectral remote sensing images were used to optimize the clustering dictionary, and then the image segmentation containing target information is completed. Finally, the image was input into the deep convolution neural network with a dual classifier, and the network detects the abnormal target in the image. The test results of this algorithm show that the structural similarity of the denoised image is higher than 0.86, which shows that this method has good noise reduction performance, image details will not damage, segmentation effect is good, and it can obtain high-definition target image information and accurately detect abnormal targets in the image.

How Does Inequality Affect the Residents' Subjective Well-Being: Inequality of Opportunity and Inequality of Effort.

Based on the Chinese General Social Survey database (2010-2015), this article explores the relationship between income inequality and residents' subjective well-being from the perspective of inequality of opportunity and inequality of effort. We find that inequality of opportunity has a negative impact on subjective well-being in China, where inequality of effort has a positive impact. Our empirical results are robust for changing the inequality indicators. In the sub-sample studies, consistent conclusions are obtained in rural areas, whereas in urban areas only inequality of effort has a significant impact. The results of mechanism study show that inequality of opportunity decreases residents' sense of fairness, and inequality of effort increases residents' sense of fairness, thus affecting their subjective well-being. The results of this study provide a good response to the inconclusive research findings on the impact of income inequality on subjective well-being.

Study on the Rural Revitalization and Urban-Rural Integration Efficiency in Anhui Province Based on Game Cross-Efficiency DEA Model.

By taking the 16 cities in Anhui Province for evaluation, the main influencing factors and indicator system for integrated urban-rural development in the new era were explored, to build the BCC model, cross-efficiency model, and game cross-efficiency model of DEA. The above models were applied for empirical analysis and comparative study on the rural revitalization and urban-rural integration efficiency in Anhui Province, to summarize the conclusions efficiency and give suggestions based on the above calculations.

An Empirical Study on the Improvement of College Students' Employability Based on University Factors.

With the popularization of higher education and the promotion of college enrollment expansion, the number of college graduates increases sharply. At the same time, the continuous transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure put forward higher requirements on the employability of college students, which leads to the imbalance between supply and demand in the labor market. The key to dealing with employment difficulties lie in the improvement of college students' employability. Therefore, we make a regression analysis of 263 valid samples from universities in Anhui Province and extract the factors that influence the improvement of college students' employability in the process of talent cultivation in university. The result shows that there is a positive correlation between course setting, course teaching, club activities, and college students' employability, among which the course teaching and club activities are the most critical factors which may influence college students' employability. In addition, from the viewpoint of individual college students, the overall grades of college students and the time of participating in the internship are also closely related to their employability, i.e., college students with good overall grades and long internship time should also have stronger employability.

[Treatment of sciatica by lumbar nerve root canal injection under X-ray angiography].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term clinical effect of lumbar nerve root canal injection under X-ray angiography in the treatment of sciatica. METHODS: The clincal data of 78 patients with sciatica underwent lumbar nerve root canal injection under X-ray angiography from December 2017 to February 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Including 31 males and 47 females, aged from 22 to 88 years old with a median of 65 years. There were 55 cases of lumbar disc herniation and 23 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis, the course of disease ranged from 1 to 8 weeks with a median of 3 weeks. There were 71 cases of single segment disc herniation or stenosis, including L3,4 of 5 cases, L4,5 of 61 cases, L5S1 of 5 cases, and 7 cases of multisegment herniation or stenosis. The pain visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded and Macnab was used to evaluate the clinical effect. RESULTS: All patients completed standardized treatment without serious adverse reactions. VAS were (3.21±0.76) scores immediately after treatment, (2.89±0.33) scores 1 hour after treatment, (1.80±0.27) scores 6 hours after treatment, (1.10±0.20) scores 24 hours after treatment, (2.53±0.35) scores 1 week after treatment and (4.27±0.36) scores 1 month after treatment. There were significant differences in VAS between before treatment(7.83±0.56) and each time period after treatment(P<0.05). According to Macnab low back pain evaluation standard, 42 cases were effective, 34 cases were markedly effective and 2 cases were ineffective within 24 hours after treatment, with an effective rate of 97.4%;38 cases were effective, 25 cases were markedly effective, 15 cases were ineffective within one week after treatment, the effective rate was 80.0%;32 cases were effective, 22 cases were markedly effective, 24 cases were ineffective within one month after treatment, the effective rate was 69.2%. CONCLUSION: The short-term clinical effect of nerve root canal injection under X-ray radiography in the treatment of sciatica is good and it is an effective method to relieve sciatica.

Extremal (n,m)-Graphs w.r.t General Multiplicative Zagreb Indices.

BACKGROUND: A topological index of a molecular graph is the numeric quantity which can predict certain physical and chemical properties of the corresponding molecule. Xu et al. introduced some graph transformations which increase or decrease the first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices and proposed a unified approach to characterize extremal (n, m)- graphs. METHOD: Graph transformations are used to find the extremal graphs, these transformations either increase or decrease the general multiplicative Zagreb indices. By applying the transformations which increase the general multiplicative Zagreb indices we find the graphs with maximal general multiplicative Zagreb indices and for minimal general Zagreb indices we use the transformations which decrease the index. RESULT: In this paper, we extend the Xu's results and show that the same graph transformations increase or decrease the first and second general multiplicative Zagreb indices for . As an application, the extremal acyclic, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs are presented for general multiplicative Zagreb indices. CONCLUSION: By applying the transformation we investigated that in the class of acyclic, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs, which graph gives the minimum and the maximum general multiplicative Zagreb indices.

On Certain Topological Indices of Three-Layered Single-Walled Titania Nanosheets.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Nanostructures are objects whose sizes vary between microscopic and molecular. The most significant of these new elements are carbon nanotubes. These elements have extraordinary microelectronic properties and many other exclusive physiognomies. Recently, researchers have given attention to the mathematical properties of these materials. The aim and objective of this research article is to investigate the most important molecular descriptors namely Wiener, edge-Wiener, vertex-edge-Wiener, vertex-Szeged, edge-Szeged, edge-vertex-Szeged, total-Szeged, PI, Schultz, Gutman, Mostar, edge-Mostar, and total-Mostar indices of three-layered single-walled titania nanosheets. By computing these topological indices, material science researchers can have a better understanding of structural and physical properties of titania nanosheets, thereby synthesizing more easily new variants of titania nanosheets with more amenable physicochemical properties. METHODS: The cut method turned out to be extremely handy when dealing with distance-based graph invariants which are in turn among the central concepts of chemical graph theory. In this method, we use the Djokovi-Winkler relation to find the suitable edge cuts to leave the graph into exactly two components. Based on the graph theoretical measures of the components, we obtain the desired topological indices by mathematical computations. RESULTS: In this paper, distance-based indices for three-layered single-walled titania nanosheets were investigated and given the exact expressions for various dimensions of three-layered singlewalled titania nanosheets. These indices may be useful in synthesizing new variants of titania nanosheets and the computed topological indices play an important role in studies of Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR). CONCLUSION: In this paper, we have obtained the closed expressions of several distance-based topological indices of three-layered single-walled titania nanosheet TNS3 [m, n] molecular graph for the cases m > n and m < n. The graphical validations for the computed indices are done and we observe that the Wiener types, Schultz and Gutman indices perform in a similar way whereas PI and Mostar type indices perform in the same way.

Bounds on the Partition Dimension of Convex Polytopes.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The idea of partition and resolving sets play an important role in various areas of engineering, chemistry and computer science such as robot navigation, facility location, pharmaceutical chemistry, combinatorial optimization, networking, and mastermind game. METHODS: In a graph, to obtain the exact location of a required vertex, which is unique from all the vertices, several vertices are selected; this is called resolving set, and its generalization is called resolving partition, where selected vertices are in the form of subsets. A minimum number of partitions of the vertices into sets is called partition dimension. RESULTS: It was proved that determining the partition dimension of a graph is a nondeterministic polynomial time (NP) problem. In this article, we find the partition dimension of convex polytopes and provide their bounds. CONCLUSION: The major contribution of this article is that due to the complexity of computing the exact partition dimension, we provide the bounds and show that all the graphs discussed in the results have partition dimensions either less or equals to 4, but not greater than 4.

Graph Indices for Cartesian Product of -sum of Connected Graphs.

BACKGROUND: A topological index is a real number associated with a graph that provides information about its physical and chemical properties and their correlations. Topological indices are being used successfully in Chemistry, Computer Science, and many other fields. METHODS: In this article, we apply the well-known Cartesian product on F-sums of connected and finite graphs. We formulate sharp limits for some famous degree-dependent indices. RESULTS: Zagreb indices for the graph operations T(G), Q(G), S(G), R(G), and their F-sums have been computed. By using orders and sizes of component graphs, we derive bounds for Zagreb indices, F-index, and Narumi-Katayana index. CONCLUSION: The formulation of expressions for the complicated products on F-sums, in terms of simple parameters like maximum and minimum degrees of basic graphs, reduces the computational complexities.