Seeing the Unseen: The Structural Influence of the Lone Pair Electrons in PbWO4.

Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of the scheelite-type material PbWO4 reveals previously unidentified short-range structural distortions in the PbO8 polyhedra and WO4 tetrahedra not observed in the similarly structured CaWO4. These local distortions are a result of the structural influence of the Pb2+ 6s2 lone pair electrons. These are not evident from the Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray or neutron powder diffraction data, nor do they strongly influence the X-ray PDF (XPDF). This illustrates the importance of neutron PDF (NPDF) in the study of such materials. First-principles density function theory (DFT) calculations show that the Pb2+ 6s2 electrons are hybridized with the O2- 2p electrons near the Fermi level. The presence of local-scale distortions has previously been neglected in studies of structure-functionality relationships in PbWO4 and other scheelite-structured photocatalytic materials, including BiVO4, and this observation opens new avenues for their optimization.

Associations between Atmospheric PM2.5 Exposure and Carcinogenic Health Risks: Surveillance Data from the Year of Lowest Recorded Levels in Beijing, China.

Scant research has pinpointed the year of minimum PM2.5 concentration through extensive, uninterrupted monitoring, nor has it thoroughly assessed carcinogenic risks associated with analyzing numerous components during this nadir in Beijing. This study endeavored to delineate the atmospheric PM2.5 pollution in Beijing from 2015 to 2022 and to undertake comprehensive evaluation of carcinogenic risks associated with the composition of atmospheric PM2.5 during the year exhibiting the lowest concentration. PM2.5 concentrations were monitored gradually in 9 districts of Beijing for 7 consecutive days per month from 2015 to 2022, and 32 kinds of PM2.5 components collected in the lowest PM2.5 concentration year were analyzed. This comprehensive dataset served as the basis for carcinogenic risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation. And we applied the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) method to identity the sources of atmospheric PM2.5. Furthermore, we integrated this source appointment model with risk assessment model to discern the origins of these risks. The findings revealed that the annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2022 stood at 43.1µg/m3, marking the lowest level recorded. The mean carcinogenic risks of atmospheric PM2.5 exposure calculated at 6.30E-6 (empirical 95% CI 1.09E-6 to 2.25E-5) in 2022. The PMF model suggested that secondary sources (35.4%), coal combustion (25.6%), resuspended dust (15.1%), biomass combustion (14.1%), vehicle emissions (7.1%), industrial emissions (2.0%) and others (0.7%) were the main sources of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing. The mixed model revealed that coal combustion (2.41E-6), vehicle emissions (1.90E-6) and industrial emissions (1.32E-6) were the main sources of carcinogenic risks with caution. Despite a continual decrease in atmospheric PM2.5 concentration in recent years, the lowest concentration levels still pose non-negligible carcinogenic risks. Notably, the carcinogenic risks associated with metals and metalloids exceeded that of PAHs. And the distribution of risk sources did not align proportionally with the distribution of PM2.5 mass concentration.

Characterising global antimicrobial resistance research explains why One Health solutions are slow in development: An application of AI-based gap analysis.

The global health crisis posed by increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) implicitly requires solutions based a One Health approach, yet multisectoral, multidisciplinary research on AMR is rare and huge knowledge gaps exist to guide integrated action. This is partly because a comprehensive survey of past research activity has never performed due to the massive scale and diversity of published information. Here we compiled 254,738 articles on AMR using Artificial Intelligence (AI; i.e., Natural Language Processing, NLP) methods to create a database and information retrieval system for knowledge extraction on research perfomed over the last 20 years. Global maps were created that describe regional, methodological, and sectoral AMR research activities that confirm limited intersectoral research has been performed, which is key to guiding science-informed policy solutions to AMR, especially in low-income countries (LICs). Further, we show greater harmonisation in research methods across sectors and regions is urgently needed. For example, differences in analytical methods used among sectors in AMR research, such as employing culture-based versus genomic methods, results in poor communication between sectors and partially explains why One Health-based solutions are not ensuing. Therefore, our analysis suggest that performing culture-based and genomic AMR analysis in tandem in all sectors is crucial for data integration and holistic One Health solutions. Finally, increased investment in capacity development in LICs should be prioritised as they are places where the AMR burden is often greatest. Our open-access database and AI methodology can be used to further develop, disseminate, and create new tools and practices for AMR knowledge and information sharing.

Influence of Interlayer Cation Ordering on Na Transport in P2-Type Na0.67-xLiy Ni0.33-zMn0.67+zO2 for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

P2-type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 (PNNMO) has been extensively studied because of its desirable electrochemical properties as a positive electrode for sodium-ion batteries. PNNMO exhibits intralayer transition-metal ordering of Ni and Mn and intralayer Na+/vacancy ordering. The Na+/vacancy ordering is often considered a major impediment to fast Na+ transport and can be affected by transition-metal ordering. We show by neutron/X-ray diffraction and density functional theory (DFT) calculations that Li doping (Na2/3Li0.05Ni1/3Mn2/3O2, LFN5) promotes ABC-type interplanar Ni/Mn ordering without disrupting the Na+/vacancy ordering and creates low-energy Li-Mn-coordinated diffusion pathways. A structure model is developed to quantitatively identify both the intralayer cation mixing and interlayer cationic stacking fault densities. Quasielastic neutron scattering reveals that the Na+ diffusivity in LFN5 is enhanced by an order of magnitude over PNNMO, increasing its capacity at a high current. Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 (NM13) lacks Na+/vacancy ordering but has diffusivity comparable to that of LFN5. However, NM13 has the smallest capacity at a high current. The high site energy of Mn-Mn-coordinated Na compared to that of Ni-Mn and higher density of Mn-Mn-coordinated Na+ sites in NM13 disrupts the connectivity of low-energy Ni-Mn-coordinated diffusion pathways. These results suggest that the interlayer ordering can be tuned through the control of composition, which has an equal or greater impact on Na+ diffusion than the Na+/vacancy ordering.

Seneca valley virus 3C protease blocks EphA2-Mediated mTOR activation to facilitate viral replication.

The Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a recently discovered porcine pathogen that causes vesicular diseases and poses a significant threat to the pig industry worldwide. Erythropoietin-producing hepatoma receptor A2 (EphA2) is involved in the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is involved in autophagy. However, the regulatory relationship between SVV and EphA2 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that EphA2 is proteolysed in SVV-infected BHK-21 and PK-15 cells. Overexpression of EphA2 significantly inhibited SVV replication, as evidenced by decreased viral protein expression, viral titers, and viral load, suggesting an antiviral function of EphA2. Subsequently, viral proteins involved in the proteolysis of EphA2 were screened, and the SVV 3C protease (3Cpro) was found to be responsible for this cleavage, depending on its protease activity. However, the protease activity sites of 3Cpro did not affect the interactions between 3Cpro and EphA2. We further determined that EphA2 overexpression inhibited autophagy by activating the mTOR pathway and suppressing SVV replication. Taken together, these results indicate that SVV 3Cpro targets EphA2 for cleavage to impair its EphA2-mediated antiviral activity and emphasize the potential of the molecular interactions involved in developing antiviral strategies against SVV infection.

LaCl3-based sodium halide solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity for all-solid-state batteries.

To enable high performance of all solid-state batteries, a catholyte should demonstrate high ionic conductivity, good compressibility and oxidative stability. Here, a LaCl3-based Na+ superionic conductor (Na1-xZrxLa1-xCl4) with high ionic conductivity of 2.9 × 10-4 S cm-1 (30 °C), good compressibility and high oxidative potential (3.80 V vs. Na2Sn) is prepared via solid state reaction combining mechanochemical method. X-ray diffraction reveals a hexagonal structure (P63/m) of Na1-xZrxLa1-xCl4, with Na+ ions forming a one-dimensional diffusion channel along the c-axis. First-principle calculations combining with X-ray absorption fine structure characterization etc. reveal that the ionic conductivity of Na1-xZrxLa1-xCl4 is mainly determined by the size of Na+-channels and the Na+/La3+ mixing in the one-dimensional diffusion channels. When applied as a catholyte, the NaCrO2||Na0.7Zr0.3La0.7Cl4||Na3PS4||Na2Sn all-solid-state batteries demonstrate an initial capacity of 114 mA h g-1 and 88% retention after 70 cycles at 0.3 C. In addition, a high capacity of 94 mA h g-1 can be maintained at 1 C current density.

Codelivery of anti-CD47 antibody and chlorin e6 using a dual pH-sensitive nanodrug for photodynamic immunotherapy of osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from bone tissue that progresses rapidly and has a poor patient prognosis. Immunotherapy has shown great potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment severely limits the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatment. The dual pH-sensitive nanocarrier has emerged as an effective antitumor drug delivery system that can selectively release drugs into the acidic tumor microenvironment. Here, we prepared a dual pH-sensitive nanocarrier, loaded with the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and CD47 monoclonal antibodies (aCD47), to deliver synergistic photodynamic and immunotherapy of osteosarcoma. On laser irradiation, Ce6 can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells directly and induces immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD), which further facilitates the dendritic cell maturation induced by blockade of CD47 by aCD47. Moreover, both calreticulin released during ICD and CD47 blockade can accelerate phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages, promote antigen presentation, and eventually induce T lymphocyte-mediated antitumor immunity. Overall, the dual pH-sensitive nanodrug loaded with Ce6 and aCD47 showed excellent immune-activating and anti-tumor effects in osteosarcoma, which may lay the theoretical foundation for a novel combination model of osteosarcoma treatment.

An Intense Out-of-Season Rebound of Influenza Activity After the Relaxation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Restrictions in Beijing, China.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of epidemic characteristics of influenza activity pre- and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing, China. Methods: Epidemiologic data were collected from the influenza surveillance system in Beijing. We compared epidemic intensity, epidemic onset and duration, and influenza transmissibility during the 2022-2023 season with pre-COVID-19 seasons from 2014 to 2020. Results: The overall incidence rate of influenza in the 2022-2023 season was significantly higher than that of the pre-COVID-19 period, with the record-high level of epidemic intensity in Beijing. The onset and duration of the influenza epidemic period in 2022-2023 season was notably later and shorter than that of the 2014-2020 seasons. Maximum daily instantaneous reproduction number (Rt) of the 2022-2023 season (Rt = 2.31) was much higher than that of the pre-COVID-19 period (Rt = 1.49). The incidence of influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) were the highest among children aged 0-4 years and 5-14 years, respectively, in the 2022-2023 season. Conclusions: A late, intense, and short-term peak influenza activity was observed in the 2022-2023 season in Beijing. Children <15 years old were impacted the most by the interruption of influenza circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining continuous surveillance and developing targeted public health strategies of influenza is necessary.

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio as a prognostic tool for predicting intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in children with kawasaki disease: a systematic review of cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the primary treatment for Kawasaki disease (KD). However, 10-20% of KD patients show no response to IVIG treatment, making the early prediction of IVIG resistance a key focus of KD research. Our aim is to explore the application of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) for predicting IVIG resistance in children with KD through meta-analysis. METHODS: Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang, the Chinese Biomedical Database, and CQVIP were searched up to November 2023 for cohort studies on predicting IVIG-resistant KD using the CAR. Articles were selected based on pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria after extracting literature data and assessing them using the QUADAS-2.0 tool for evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tests. Stata 15.0 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Four Chinese and English literature reports were included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed the presence of a threshold effect and high heterogeneity among the included studies. The combined sensitivity for CAR predicting IVIG-resistant KD was calculated as 0.65 (95% CI 0.58-0.72), specificity as 0.71 (95% CI 0.57-0.81), and the area under the curve (AUC) as 0.70 (95% CI 0.66-0.74) using the random-effects model. The combined positive likelihood ratio was 2.22 (95% CI 1.35-3.65), the combined negative likelihood ratio was 0.49 (95% CI 0.35-0.69), and the diagnostic odds ratio was 5 (95% CI 2-10). CONCLUSION: CAR is an auxiliary predictive indicator with moderate diagnostic value that provides guidance in the early treatment of the disease, demonstrating a certain predictive value that warrants further investigation. However, CAR cannot yet be considered as a definitive diagnostic or exclusionary marker for IVIG-resistant KD. Therefore, multi-center, large sample, and high-quality long-term follow-up trials are warranted to confirm the current findings.

Jolkinolide B synergistically potentiates the antitumor activity of GPX4 inhibitors via inhibiting TrxR1 in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells.

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a promising anticancer therapeutic target; however, the application of GPX4 inhibitors (GPX4i) is limited owing to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Hence, understanding the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and discovering molecules that can overcome drug resistance are crucial. Herein, we demonstrated that GPX4i killed bladder cancer cells by inducing lipid reactive oxygen species-mediated ferroptosis and apoptosis, and cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells were also resistant to GPX4i, representing a higher half-maximal inhibitory concentration value than that of parent bladder cancer cells. In addition, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) overexpression was responsible for GPX4i resistance in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells, and inhibiting TrxR1 restored the sensitivity of these cells to GPX4i. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that Jolkinolide B (JB), a natural diterpenoid and previously identified as a TrxR1 inhibitor, potentiated the antiproliferative efficacy of GPX4i (RSL3 and ML162) against cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, GPX4 knockdown and inhibition could augment JB-induced paraptosis and apoptosis. Our results suggest that inhibiting TrxR1 can effectively improve GPX4 inhibition-based anticancer therapy. A combination of JB and GPX4i, which is well-tolerated and has several anticancer mechanisms, may serve as a promising therapy for treating bladder cancer.

Exotic Magnetism in Perovskite KOsO_{3}.

A new perovskite KOsO_{3} has been stabilized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. It is cubic at 500 K (Pm-3m) and undergoes subsequent phase transitions to tetragonal at 320 K (P4/mmm) and rhombohedral (R-3m) at 230 K as shown from refining synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (SXRD) data. The larger orbital overlap integral and the extended wave function of 5d electrons in the perovskite KOsO_{3} allow to explore physics from the regime where Mott and Hund's rule couplings dominate to the state where the multiple interactions are on equal footing. We demonstrate an exotic magnetic ordering phase found by neutron powder diffraction along with physical properties via a suite of measurements including magnetic and transport properties, differential scanning calorimetry, and specific heat, which provide comprehensive information for a system at the crossover from localized to itinerant electronic behavior.

The Preparation of an Ultrafine Copper Powder by the Hydrogen Reduction of an Ultrafine Copper Oxide Powder and Reduction Kinetics.

Ultrafine copper powders were prepared by the air-jet milling of copper oxide (CuO) powders and a subsequent hydrogen (H2) reduction. After milling, the particle size and grain size of CuO powders decreased, while the specific surface area and structural microstrain increased, thereby improving the reaction activity. In a pure H2 atmosphere, the process of CuO reduction was conducted in one step, and followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The smaller CuO powders after milling exhibited higher reduction rates and lower activation energies compared with those without milling. Based on the unreacted shrinking core model, the reduction of CuO powders via H2 was controlled by the interface reaction at the early stage, whereas the latter was limited by the diffusion of H2 through the solid product layer. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that copper powders after H2 reduction presented a spherical-like shape, and the sintering and agglomeration between particles occurred after 300 °C, which led to a moderate increase in particle size. The preparing parameters (at 400 °C for 180 min) were preferred to obtain ultrafine copper powders with an average particle size in the range of 5.43-6.72 µm and an oxygen content of less than 0.2 wt.%.

SQSTM1 downregulates avian metapneumovirus subgroup C replication via mediating selective autophagic degradation of viral M2-2 protein.

Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV/C), an important pathogen causing acute respiratory infection in chickens and turkeys, contributes to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. aMPV/C has been reported to induce autophagy, which is beneficial to virus replication. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/P62), a selective autophagic receptor, plays a crucial role in viral replication by clearing ubiquitinated proteins. However, the relationship between SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy and aMPV/C replication is unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of SQSTM1 negatively regulates aMPV/C replication by reducing viral protein expression and viral titers. Further studies revealed that the interaction between SQSTM1 and aMPV/C M2-2 protein is mediated via the Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domain of the former, which recognizes a ubiquitinated lysine at position 67 of the M2-2 protein, and finally degrades M2-2 via SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy. Collectively, our results reveal that SQSTM1 degrades M2-2 via a process of selective autophagy to suppress aMPV/C replication, thereby providing novel insights for the prevention and control of aMPV/C infection.IMPORTANCEThe selective autophagy plays an important role in virus replication. As an emerging pathogen of avian respiratory virus, clarification of the effect of SQSTM1, a selective autophagic receptor, on aMPV/C replication in host cells enables us to better understand the viral pathogenesis. Previous study showed that aMPV/C infection reduced the SQSTM1 expression accompanied by virus proliferation, but the specific regulatory mechanism between them was still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that SQSTM1 recognizes the 67th amino acid of M2-2 protein by the interaction between them, followed by M2-2 degradation via the SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy, and finally inhibits aMPV/C replication. This information supplies the mechanism by which SQSTM1 negatively regulates viral replication, and provides new insights for preventing and controlling aMPV/C infection.

No evidence of a causal relationship between miscarriage and 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a Mendelian randomization study.

STUDY QUESTION: Is there a causal relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and miscarriage? SUMMARY ANSWER: In this study, little evidence of a causal relationship was found between low serum 25OHD concentration or vitamin D deficiency and the risk of miscarriages. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Associations between low vitamin D levels and increased risk of miscarriage have been reported, but causality is unclear. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION: The latest and largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for serum 25OHD concentration (n = 417 580), vitamin D deficiency (426 cases and 354 812 controls), miscarriage (16 906 cases and 149 622 controls), and the number of miscarriages (n = 78 700) were used to explore the causal association between serum vitamin D levels and miscarriage by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS: This study was based on summary GWAS results from the FinnGen database and the UK Biobank. The random-effect inverse-variance weighted method was regarded as the primary analysis; MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) were further employed as complementary methods. MR-Egger intercept analysis and MR-PRESSO were employed to test pleiotropy, and Cochran's Q statistic and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis were used to determine the heterogeneity and robustness of the overall estimates, respectively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: There was insufficient evidence of causal associations between serum 25OHD concentration and miscarriage (odds ratio (OR) = 0.995, 95% CI: 0.888 to 1.114, P = 0.927), or the number of miscarriages (ß = -0.004, 95% CI: -0.040 to 0.032, P = 0.829). Furthermore, little evidence of causality between genetically determined vitamin D deficiency to miscarriage (OR = 0.993, 95% CI: 0.966 to 1.021, P = 0.624), or the number of miscarriages (ß = 0.001, 95% CI: -0.009 to 0.011, P = 0.828), was observed. The results of the sensitivity analysis were robust, and no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: This study is limited by the absence of female-specific GWAS data and the limited amount of GWAS data available for this study, as well as the need for caution in generalizing the findings to non-European ethnic groups. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: These findings enhance the current understanding of the intricate association between vitamin D and pregnancy outcomes, challenging prevailing beliefs regarding the strong association with miscarriage. The results provide a special perspective that may prompt further exploration and potentially offer insights for guiding future research and informing clinical guidelines pertaining to the management of miscarriage. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: This project was supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Program General Surface Project (2022CFB200), the Key Research & Developmental Program of of Hubei Province (2022BCA042), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042022gf0007, 2042022kf1210), and the Interdisciplinary Innovative Talents Foundation from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (JCRCWL-2022-001, JCRCYG-2022-009). All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.

Association between air pollution and male sexual function: A nationwide observational study in China.

This study aimed to explore the associations between air pollution and male sexual function. A total of 5047 male subjects in China were included in this study. The average air pollution exposure (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3) for the preceding 1, 3, 6, and 12 months before the participants' response was assessed. Male sexual function was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT). Generalized linear models were utilized to explore the associations between air pollution and male sexual function. K-prototype algorithm was conducted to identify the association among specific populations. Significant adverse effects on the IIEF-5 score were observed with NO2 exposure during the preceding 1, 3, and 6 months (1 m: ß = -5.26E-05; 3 m: ß = -4.83E-05; 6 m: ß = -4.23E-05, P < 0.05). PM2.5 exposure during the preceding 12 months was found to significantly negatively affect the PEDT after adjusting for confounding variables. Our research indicated negative correlations between air pollutant exposures and male sexual function for the first time. Furthermore, these associations were more pronounced among specific participants who maintain a normal BMI, exhibit extroverted traits, and currently engage in smoking and alcohol consumption.

Quantitative evaluation of urban green exposure and its impact on human health: A case study on the 3-30-300 green space rule.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Urban green spaces offer various health benefits, yet the impact of comprehensive green exposure criteria on multidimensional health remains unclear. The 3-30-300 green space rule represents the green exposure indicators with specific thresholds. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate urban green exposure in cities and can support investigation of its relationship with human health. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 902 investigated individuals in 261 residential locations aged 11-95 years from Xiamen City, China. 3-30-300 green exposure was calculated using field surveys, GIS, and Baidu Maps Application Programming Interface (API). Physical health data was based on Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI)-2. Mental health was from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Social health was from a self-constructed evaluation questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using Geographically Weighted Regression and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression for global and local effects on green exposure and multidimensional health. RESULT: Among the investigated individuals, only 3.55 % (32/902) fully meet the 3-30-300 rule in Xiamen. Global results show that individuals achieved at least 30 % vegetation coverage (Yes) is associated with better physical (ß: 0.76, p < 0.01) and social (ß: 0.5, p < 0.01) health. GWLR global results indicate that individuals can "see at least 3 trees from home" meeting one (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.25-0.86, p < 0.05) or two (OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.22,0.78, p < 0.01; OR = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.07-0.77, p < 0.05) 3-30-300 rule components are significantly associated with reduced medical visits and hospitalizations refer to not met these criterias. In the GWR local analysis, achieved 30 % vegetation cover is significantly related to improved social health at all locations. Meeting any two indicators also contribute to improved social health (n = 511, ß: 0.46-0.51, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Green exposure indicators based on the 3-30-300 rule guiding healthy urban green space development. We observed multidimensional health benefits when 1/3 or 2/3 of the indicators were met.