Evaluating Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes with High Callus Induction Rates and the Transcriptomic Profiling during Callus Formation.

Due to their complex genotypes, low in vitro regeneration rates, and difficulty in obtaining transgenic plants, studies concerning basic biological research and molecular breeding in Tartary buckwheat (TB) are greatly limited. In this study, the hypocotyls of 60 genotypes of TB (TBC1~60) were used as explants. Of these, TBC14 was selected due to a high callus induction rate of 97.78% under dark and a proliferation coefficient (PC) of 28.2 when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L of 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L of 6-BA. Subsequently, the samples of the calli obtained from TBC14 were collected at 0, 10, 20, and 30 d, and their transcriptomes were sequenced where identified. GO enrichment led to the detection of the most significant active gene set, which was the DNA binding transcription factor activity. The DEGs related to the pathways concerning metabolism, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and hormone signal transduction were the most enriched in the KEGG database. The sets of MYB, AP2/ERF, and bHLH TFs exhibited the highest number of DEGs. Using this enrichment analysis, 421 genes encoding TFs, 47 auxin- and cytokinin-related genes, and 6 signal transduction-associated genes were screened that may play significant roles in callus formation (CF) in TB. Furthermore, FtPinG0008123200.01 (bZIP), a key gene promoting CF, was screened in terms of the weighted gene co-expression network associated with the various stages of CF. Our study not only provides valuable information about the molecular mechanism of CF but also reveals new genes involved in this process.

Effects of Exercise on Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction: a Systematic Review.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with metabolic dysfunction. The literatures were searched until Apr 28, 2022, and 16 studies that met inclusion criteria were included in this review. The results showed that the concentrations of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) and endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EEVs) decreased after long-term exercise, especially for CD62E+ EEVs and CD105+ EEVs. Simultaneously, exercise improved the concentration of clinical evaluation indicators of metabolic diseases, and the changes in these indicators were positively correlated with the changes of EEVs and PEVs. The concentration of skeletal muscle-derived extracellular vesicles (SkEVs) increased after a single bout of exercise. The aforementioned results indicated that long-term exercise might improve endothelial function and hypercoagulability in patients with metabolic dysfunction. The changes in concentrations of EVs could assist in assessing effect of exercise on patients with metabolic dysfunction.

PAH-specific therapy for pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in context with interstitial lung disease (ILD) portends serious clinical consequences and a high rate of mortality. Recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which assessed the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-specific drugs for pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) revealed inconsistent clinical outcomes with previous studies. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to further investigate the effect of PAH-specific therapies for PH-ILD. Methods: Clinical trials were searched from the EMBASE, PUBMED, and CENTRAL databases. The duration from the establishment of the database to June 2022 for RCTs evaluates the effect of PAH-specific therapy in patients with PH-ILD. RevMan 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis. Results: A total of six articles (with a total of 791 patients) were included, including 412 patients in the treated group and 379 patients in the control group. As compared to placebo, the change of 6MWD was a significant improvement with PAH-specific therapy in the six RCTs (23.09; 95% CI, 12.07-34.12 P < 0.0001); but when the study with inhaled treprostinil was excluded, the significant improvement in the change of 6MWD from baseline was not present anymore (MD 11.01, 95%CI-6.43-28.46 P = 0.22). There was no significant improvement in the change in lung function, hemodynamic parameters, clinical worsening, all-cause death, and serious adverse effects in the treated group compared to placebo. Conclusion: PAH-specific therapy significantly improved exercise capacity in the patients with PH-ILD, but this is due to the greater contribution of the study with inhaled treprostinil. Therefore, our findings still did not support the routine use of the whole PAH-specific drugs for PH-ILD.

Circulating microparticles are associated with plaque burden and cause eNOS uncoupling in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the correlation of different microparticle (MP) phenotypes with plaque burden and their diagnostic value and preliminarily explore the role of MPs in atherosclerosis (AS). Methods: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and maximal plaque area in 23 patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and 22 healthy subjects were measured by ultrasound. Transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot were used to identify MPs. Flow cytometry assay measured absolute number of MPs, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the relationship between plaque burden and MPs. To study the preliminary mechanism of MPs in AS, MPs were administered to 32 male Kunming mice, which were randomly divided into control, CAS, healthy, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and Western blot were adopted to detect relevant indexes 24 h after the injection. Results: The plasma levels of CD45+ leukocyte-derived microparticle (LMP), CD11a+ LMP, CD11a+/CD45+ LMP, and CD31+/CD42b+ platelet-derived microparticle (PMP) in CAS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects, and were positively correlated with the maximal plaque area. Moreover, the levels of CD11a+ LMP, CD11a+/CD45+ LMP were also positively correlated with CIMT. The area under the ROC curve of the four MPs was 0.689, 0.747, 0.741, and 0.701, respectively. Compared with healthy subjects, MPs from CAS patients resulted in a significantly lower expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dimer/monomer, and BH4 could improve eNOS uncoupling. Moreover, the level of VCAM-1 in intima in the CAS group was significantly higher than in the other three groups. Conclusion: CD11a+ LMP and CD11a+/CD45+ LMP might be potential biomarkers for CAS prediction. BH4-related eNOS uncoupling occurs in CAS patients, and circulating MPs from them lead to endothelial dysfunction through eNOS uncoupling.

Transcriptomic and Metabonomic Profiling Reveals the Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice.

Flavonoids are known for potent antioxidant activity and antihyperlipidemia. As a result of the few antinutritional factors and high bioactive substances, such as flavonoids, sprouts of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum, STB) have become healthy food. This study aims to unravel the antihyperlipidemic effects of STB in vivo and its potential mechanism through transcriptomic and metabonomic analysis. The physiological parameters of mice administered the high-fat diet with or without 2.5 and 5% of STB for 10 weeks were recorded. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing were applied to obtain the serum lipid metabolomic and hepatic transcriptomic profiling, respectively. Results revealed that STB could significantly alleviate the increase of body weight, liver, and abdominal adipose while ameliorating the lipid content in serum and insulin resistance of mice fed with a high-fat diet. Notably, the metabonomic analysis identified the core differential metabolites mainly enriched in the pathways, such as fat digestion and absorption, insulin resistance, and other processes. Transcriptomic results revealed that STB significantly altered the expression levels of PIK3R1, LRP5, SLC10A2, and FBXO21. These genes are involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, and type II diabetes mellitus pathways. In this study, STB exhibited remarkable influence on the metabolism of lipids and glucose, exerting antihyperlipidemic effects. STB have the potential for the development and application of a lipid-lowering health food.

[Effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on wound debridement and healing of deep II thickness burn].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGMCSF) gel on wound debridement and healing of deep II thickness burn. METHODS: Between December 2008 and December 2010, 58 patients with deep II thickness burn, accorded with the inclusive criteria, were collected. There were 36 males and 22 females with an average age of 32.4 years (range, 12-67 years). The causes were hot liquid in 38 cases and fire in 20 cases. The time from injury to treatment was 1-3 days (mean, 2.1 days). In this randomized, double-blind, and self-control study, all patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, wounds were treated with rhGMCSF gel (test group) or gel matrix (control group). There was no significant difference in wound area between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The time of completed removal eschar and the percentage of removal-area of eschar were recorded at 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 days during healing process. The time of wound healing was also recorded. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the necrotic tissues on the burn wound got soft in test group at 4 days after treatment. At 6 days, they loosened and eventually sloughed off. The wound bed presented in red and white, followed by rapidly growing granulation tissues. Except 18 days after treatment, there were significant differences in the percentage of removal-area of eschar between 2 groups (P < 0.05). The time of completed removal eschar in test group [(7.71 +/- 2.76) days] was significantly shorter than that in control group [(14.71 +/- 3.63) days] (t = 13.726, P = 0.000). The time of wound healing in test group was (18.41 +/- 2.47) days, which was significantly shorter than that in control group [(23.58 +/- 3.35) days] (t = 15.763, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Compared with the gel matrix, the rhGMCSF gel may promote wound debridement and healing in deep II thickness burn.

Theory and experiment of a fiber loop mirror filter of two-stage polarization-maintaining fibers and polarization controllers for multiwavelength fiber ring laser.

A fiber loop mirror (FLM) filter with two-stage polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) and polarization controllers (PCs) is presented. The transmission function of this FLM is calculated in detail by Jones matrix. The wavelength interval depends on both the PMFs and the PCs. The side frequencies can be restrained by choosing appropriate length of the PMFs. Furthermore, an erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on this FLM filter is proposed and demonstrated. Stable single-, double- and triple-wavelength are achieved respectively. The 3 dB line-width is less than 0.03 nm, and the fluctuation of wavelength and peak power is less than 0.05 nm and 0.1 dB in 30 minutes.