A Comparative Study on the Mechanical Properties of Open-Hole Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Composite Materials.

In this paper, the damage initiation/propagation mechanisms and failure modes of open-hole carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites and thermosetting composites with tension, compression, and bearing loads are investigated, respectively, by experiments and finite element simulations. The experimental evaluations are performed on the specimens using the Combined Loading Compression (CLC) test method, the tensile test method, and the single-shear test method. The differences in macroscopic damage initiation, evolution mode, and damage characteristics between thermoplastic composite materials and thermosetting composite material open-hole structures are obtained and analyzed under compressive load. Based on scanning electron microscope SEM images, a comparative analysis is conducted on the micro-failure modes of fibers, matrices, and fiber/matrix interfaces in the open-hole structures of thermoplastic and thermosetting composites under compressive load. The differences between thermoplastic and thermosetting composites were analyzed from the micro-failure mechanism. Finally, based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM), a damage model is also developed for predicting the initiation and propagation of damage in thermoplastic composites. The model, which can capture fiber breakage and matrix crack, as well as the nonlinear response, is used to conduct virtual compression tests, tensile test, and single-shear test, respectively. Numerical simulation results are compared with the extracted experimental results. The displacement-load curve and failure modes match the experimental result, which indicates that the finite element model has good reliability.

[Chemical constituents of roots of Rodgersia aesculifolia].

The chemical compositions of Rodgersia aesculifolia were isolated and purified using a combination of silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were determined according to the physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. The MTT method and the ABTS kit were used to measure the cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity of all isolates, respectively. Thirty-four compounds were isolated from R. aesculifolia and elucidated as stigmastane-6ß-methoxy-3ß,5α-diol(1), stigmastane-3ß,5α,6ß triol(2), ß-sitosterol(3), ß-daucosterol(4), stigmast-4-en-3-one(5), bergenin(6), 11-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-bergenin(7), 11-O-galloybergenin(8), 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose(9), gallic acid(10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester(11), ethyl gallate(12), ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(13), caffeic acid ethyl ester(14), p-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid(15), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(16), 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one(17), 3,7-dimethyl-2-octene-1,7-diol(18), crocusatin-B(19), neroplomacrol(20), geniposide(21), 3-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid(22), 3ß-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-olean-12-en-27-oic acid(23), aceriphyllic acid G(24), isolariciresinol(25), trans-rodgersinine B(26), cis-rodgersinine A(27), neo-olivil(28),(7S,8R)-dihydro-3'-hydroxy-8-hydroxy-methyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-1'-benzofuranpropanol(29), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone(30), quercetin 3-rutinoside(31), catechin-[8,7-e]-4ß-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-pyranone(32), ethyl α-L-arabino-furanoside(33), and l-linoleoylglycerol(34). One new compound was discovered(compound 1), 25 compounds were first isolated from R. aesculifolia, and 22 compounds were first isolated from the Rodgersia plant. The results indicated that compounds 22-24 possessed cytotoxicity for HepG2, MCF-7, HCT-116, BGC-823, and RAFLS cell lines(IC_(50) ranged from 5.89 µmol·L~(-1) to 20.5 µmol·L~(-1)). Compounds 8-14 and 30-32 showed good antioxidant capacity, and compound 9 showed the strongest antioxidant activity with IC_(50) of(2.00±0.12) µmol·L~(-1).

Integrative analysis of metabolome and transcriptome provide new insights into the bitter components of Lilium lancifolium and Lilium brownii.

Lilium, a perennial crop with great ornamental, medicinal and edible value, has been frequently used as functional food and medicine. Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (L. lancifolium) and Lilium brownii F.E.Brown var.viridulum Baker (L. brownii) are the most used medicinal species in China. However, the flavor compounds of these two species have not yet been clear. Here, metabolomics and transcriptome analysis were used to reveal the difference of the bitter substances of L. lancifolium and L. brownii. Qualitative results indicated that nine compounds are commonly existed in L. lancifolium and L. brownii, while nine compounds are unique in L. lancifolium and eight compounds are unique in L. brownii. Furthermore, quantitative results revealed that the content of regaloside A in L. lancifolium was nearly 2-7 folds higher than that of L. brownii, and the content of regaloside B in L. lancifolium was about 4-16 folds higher than that of L. brownii. Regaloside C and E were not detected in L. brownii. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 90 unique genes up-regulated in L. lancifolium samples in the pathway of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and 75 unique genes up-regulated in L. brownii samples, which could be related to the different content and chemical structure specificity of phenylpropanoid glycerol glucosides in L. lancifolium and L. brownii. The results of our in-deep research provide new insights into the bitter substances of L. lancifolium and L. brownii, and a further consideration for the chemical consistency and quality evaluation for Lilii bulbus.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) improve the palmitic acid (PA)-induced inhibition of survival, inflammation, and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) can decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) in hyperlipidemic and diabetic animals. It can also reduce inflammatory cytokines and promote glucose uptake in adipocytes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PSP in improving insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle remain unclear. In this study, palmitic acid (PA) induced an IR model in L6 myotubes. After treatment, cell proliferation was measured using the CCK8. miR-340-3p, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) expression was measured by qRT-PCR. IRAK3 protein levels were measured by Western blotting. Glucose in the cell supernatant, TG concentration in L6 myotubes, and the levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured by an ELISA. We found that cell survival, glucose uptake, and GLUT-4 expression in L6 myotubes were significantly suppressed, while lipid accumulation and inflammatory factor levels were enhanced by PA stimulation. Furthermore, PSP treatment markedly alleviated these effects. Interestingly, PSP also significantly reduced the upregulated expression of miR-340-3p in the L6 myotube model of IR. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-340-3p reversed the beneficial effects of PSP in the same IR model. miR-340-3p can bind to the 3'-untranslated regions of IRAK3. Additionally, PA treatment inhibited IRAK3 expression, whereas PSP treatment enhanced IRAK3 expression in L6 myotubes. Additionally, miR-340-3p also inhibited IRAK3 expression in L6 myotubes. Taken together, PSP improved inflammation and glucose uptake in PA-treated L6 myotubes by regulating miR-340-3p/IRAK3, suggesting that PSP may be suitable as a novel therapeutic agent for IR.

[Chemical Constituents from Fruit Dregs of Rhus chinensis( â ¡)].

Objective: To investigate the constituents from the fruit dregs of Rhus chinensis. Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,RP-C18 and Pre-TLC and recrystalization. The structures were identified on the basis of the chemical evidence,spectroscopic data. Results: Ten compounds were obtained and elucidated as m-digalloyl acid( 1),ethyl-m-digallate( 2),apigenin( 3),kaempferol( 4),quercetin( 5),3,7-dimethoxy-5,3',4'-trihydroxy-flavone( 6),quercitrin( 7),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside( 8),myricetrin( 9) and quercetin-3-O-( 4″-methoxy)-α-L-rahmnopyranosyl( 10),respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1 ~ 3,6 ~ 10 are separated from the Rhus genus for the first time.

[Sijunzi Decoction Promote the Repair of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Injury via Activating TLR-2/My D88 Signaling Pathway].

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of Sijunzi decoction( SJZD) containing serum on the repairing of gastrointestinal mucosal damage. Methods: SJZD containing serum was prepared by serum pharmacological method. Cell migration model was established by tips scratch method, Real-time-cell-analyzer( RTCA) was used to mensurate IEC-6 cell proliferation, the mRNA and protein expression of TLR-2 and My D88 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis,respectively. Results: Medium dose( 10%) and high dose( 20%) of SJZD containing serum stimulated IEC-6 cell migration at 8 h after cell damage; medium dose( 10%)and high dose( 20%) of SJZD containing serum increased IEC-6 cell proliferation at 12 h after cell damage; low dose( 5%),medium dose( 10%) and high dose( 20%) of SJZD containing serum enhanced IEC-6 proliferation both at 24 h and 36 h after cell damage. Medium dose( 10%) and high dose( 20%) of SJZD containing serum upregulated TLR-2 and My D88 mRNA and protein expression,respectively. Conclusion: Sijunzi decoction can repair the injury of gastrointestinal mucosal barrier,the mechanism may be related to its effect on activating TLR-2 / My D88 signaling pathway,and promoting IEC-6 cell migration and proliferation.

[Chemical Constituents From Rhus chinensis Fruit Dregs].

OBJECTIVE: To isolate and elucidate the constituents from the fruit dregs of Rhus chinensis. METHODS: The constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel,Sephadex LH-20, RP-C18 gel and recrystallization. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the chemical evidence and spectroscopic data. RESULTS: Ten compounds were obtained: ß-sitosterol (1), morolic acid (2), (2S) -1-O-heptatriacontanoyl glycerol (3), α-monpalmitin (4), palmitic acid (5), gallic acid (6), methyl gallate (7), ethyl gallate (8), propyl gallate (9), and protocatechuic acid (10). CONCLUSION: Compounds 3, 4 and 9 are isolated from the plants of Rhus genus for the first time.

[Study on Chemical Constituents from Carpesium abrotanoides].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from Carpesium abrotanoides. METHODS: Compounds were isolated and pu- rified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, their structures were determined by using spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as Vomifoliol (I), 2-Desoxy-4-epi-pulchellin (II), 8-epi-Confertin (III), 1-epi-Inuviscolide (IV), Telekin (V), Isotelekin (VI), 4 (15)-ß-Epoxyisotelekin (VII), Carabrone (VIII), Carabrol (IX), and 3- Deuteriomethyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (X). CONCLUSION: Compounds I, III, IV,VII, VII and X are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Comparison study of radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy and dynamic magnetic resonance lymphangiography for the diagnosis of extremity lymphedema].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the role of radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy and dynamic magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) for the diagnosis of extremity lymphedema. METHODS: Sixteen patients with primary extremity lymphedema and two with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome combined with lymphedema were examined by lymphoscintigraphy using the tracer 99Tc-labelled dextran, and also by MRL using gadobenate dimeglumine as contrast agent. The results of morphological abnormalities and functional state of the lymphatic system at affected limbs from the two imaging methods were compared. RESULTS: Lymphatic vessels were imaged in 14 of 18 limbs with lymphedema using MRL, compared with one of 18 using lymphoscintigraphy. MRL detected the inguinal nodes in 16 of 17 patients, whereas lymphoscintigraphy revealed inguinal nodes in only nine cases. MRL revealed more precise information about structural and functional abnormalities of lymph vessels and nodes than lymphoscintigraphy by real-time measurement of lymph flow in vessels and nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic MRL is more sensitive and accurate than lymphoscintigraphy in the detection of anatomical and functional abnormalities in the lymphatic system in patients with extremity lymphedema.

[Study on four natures of six flavor Chinese materia medica as rhizoma coptidis and radix aconiti lateralis praeparata etc].

OBJECTIVE: To study on four natures of six flavor Chinese meteria medica as rhizoma coptidis, radix scutellariae, radix aconiti lateralis praeparata, rhizoma zingiberis, rhizoma dioscoreae and radix et rhizoma glycyrrhizae. METHODS: To determine the biological enthalpy of extracts of Chinese meteria medica, rats' metabolites and excrement after feeding the extract of medicines and the standard substance of basic by the oxygen bomb calorimeter. RESULTS: The biological enthalpy of rhizoma coptidis, radix scutellariae, radix aconiti lateralis praeparata, rhizoma zingiberis, rhizoma dioscoreae and radix et rhizoma glycyrrhizae were (3006.02 +/- 201.51)J/g, (1592.41 +/- 404.41)J/g, -(433.10 +/- 64.43)J/g, -(665.72 +/- 198.59)J/g, -(18.41 +/- 50.08)J/g, (29.55 +/- 55.13)J/g respectively. According to the results, rhizoma coptidis and radix scutellariae showed cold properties, whereas those of radix aconiti lateralis praeparata and rhizoma zingiberis were opposite as well as rhizoma dioscoreae and radix et rhizoma glycyrrhizae were neutral drugs. CONCLUSION: The four natures of Chinese meteria medica presente in traditional Chinese pharmacology could be determined by the mathematical model of four natures.

[A 32P application device for the treatment of condyloma acuminatum in the rectum].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of a 32P application device (AD) in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum (CA) in the rectum, and to compare its clinical effect with that of the microwave therapy. METHODS: This study included 107 cases of CA in the rectum, 99 males and 8 females, aged 21-58 (33.6 +/- 9.4) years. Forty-six of the patients (the AD group) were treated with a self-made 32P application device, which, as a tube-shaped carrier of radionuclide 32P colloid, was fixed in the rectum at the diseased part for medication at 4.9-8.2 Gy for 3-5 hours once and 1-2 times a week. The other 61 (the microwave group) were treated by microwave burning under local anesthesia. Both groups of patients were followed up for over 3 months for comparison of the therapeutic results and observation of the stability and reliability of the 32P application device. RESULTS: The rates of cure, reoccurrence and adverse reaction were 84, 8%, 13.0% and 8.7% in the AD group, compared with 40.3%, 55.7% and 75.4% in the microwave group, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The 32P application device, with its advantages of low cost, easy operation, good effect, high safety and reliability, low recurrence, fewer adverse events and good acceptability, is highly valuable for the treatment of CA in the rectum.

[A new qualitative and quantitative analytical method of chromatographic fingerprints: total quantum statistical moment].

A new qualitative and quantitative analytical method of the chromatographic fingerprints: the Total Quantum Statistical Moment (TQSM) has been eluciated and established according to statistical moment principle. The study was carried out with model drugs as the alcohol extracted liquid for Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (AELRR) by HPLC under the chromatographic conditions that the column was C18, 4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm; the detection of wavelengths was set at 254 nm; a solution of acetonitrile: 1% acetic acid water (from 0:100 to 100:0) was carried with gradient elution as the mobile phase; the ratio of flow was 1 mL min(-1); the temperature was 40 degrees C. The coefficients were dealt with Excel document. It has been established the expressions that consists of four main parameters: 1) total quantum zero moment as AUC(T), area under curve; 2) total quantum respondent ratio as AUCPW(T), area under curve per weight; 3) total quantum center moment as MCRT(T), mean chromatographic retention time of total quantum, expressed by lambda(T); 4) total quantum variance as VCRT(T), variance of mean chromatographic retention time of total quantum, expressed by sigma2(T), by which we have obtained. The TQSM's parameters of the AELRR, such as AUC(T) as 3.273 x 10(8) microV s, AUCPW(T) as 2.286 x 10(6) microV s mg (-1), MCRT(T) as 33.50 min, VCRT(T) as 484.4 min2, and total quantum concentration as 143.2 mg mL(-1). The total quantum statistic moment can be characterized the curve of chromatographic fingerprints with expressive parameters above, also used to quantitative analyses by AUC(T), to qualitative analyses by AUCPW(T), MCR(T), and VCRT(T).