A new model for dynamic mapping of effective connectivity in task fMRI.

Whole-brain dynamic functional connectivity is a growing area in neuroimaging research, encompassing data-driven methods for investigating how large-scale brain networks dynamically reorganize during resting states. However, this approach has been rarely applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired during task performance. In this study, we first combined the psychophysiological interactions (PPI) and sliding-window methods to analyze dynamic effective connectivity of fMRI data obtained from subjects performing the N-back task within the Human Connectome Project dataset. We then proposed a hypothetical model called Condition Activated Specific Trajectory (CAST) to represent a series of spatiotemporal synchronous changes in significantly activated connections across time windows, which we refer to as a trajectory. Our finding demonstrate that the CAST model outperforms other models in terms of intra-group consistency of individual spatial pattern of PPI connectivity, overall representational ability of temporal variability and hierarchy for individual task performance and cognitive traits. This dynamic view afforded by the CAST model reflects the intrinsic nature of coherent brain activities.

Chelatococcus albus sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from hot spring microbial mat.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming, motile, short rod-shaped strain, designated SYSU G07232T, was isolated from a hot spring microbial mat, sampled from Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, south-western China. Strain SYSU G07232T grew at 25-50 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0) and tolerated NaCl concentrations up to 1.0 % (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SYSU G07232T showed closest genetic affinity with Chelatococcus daeguensis K106T. The genomic features and taxonomic status of this strain were determined through whole-genome sequencing and a polyphasic approach. The predominant quinone of this strain was Q-10. Major cellular fatty acids comprised C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 8. The whole-genome length of strain SYSU G07232T was 4.02 Mbp, and the DNA G+C content was 69.26 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANIm ≤84.85 % and ANIb ≤76.08  %) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (≤ 21.9 %) values between strain SYSU G07232T and the reference species were lower than the threshold values recommended for distinguishing novel prokaryotic species. Thus, based on the provided phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genetic data, it is proposed that strain SYSU G07232T (=KCTC 8141T=GDMCC 1.4178T) be designated as representing a novel species within the genus Chelatococcus, named Chelatococcus albus sp. nov.

Temperature, pH, and oxygen availability contributed to the functional differentiation of ancient Nitrososphaeria.

Ammonia-oxidizing Nitrososphaeria are among the most abundant archaea on Earth and have profound impacts on the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen. In contrast to these well-studied ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), deep-branching non-AOA within this class remain poorly characterized because of a low number of genome representatives. Here, we reconstructed 128 Nitrososphaeria metagenome-assembled genomes from acid mine drainage and hot spring sediment metagenomes. Comparative genomics revealed that extant non-AOA are functionally diverse, with capacity for carbon fixation, carbon monoxide oxidation, methanogenesis, and respiratory pathways including oxygen, nitrate, sulfur, or sulfate, as potential terminal electron acceptors. Despite their diverse anaerobic pathways, evolutionary history inference suggested that the common ancestor of Nitrososphaeria was likely an aerobic thermophile. We further surmise that the functional differentiation of Nitrososphaeria was primarily shaped by oxygen, pH, and temperature, with the acquisition of pathways for carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism. Our study provides a more holistic and less biased understanding of the diversity, ecology, and deep evolution of the globally abundant Nitrososphaeria.

Striatum- and Cerebellum-Modulated Epileptic Networks Varying Across States with and without Interictal Epileptic Discharges.

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is characterized by cryptogenic etiology and the striatum and cerebellum are recognized as modulators of epileptic network. We collected simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 145 patients with IGE, 34 of whom recorded interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) during scanning. In states without IEDs, hierarchical connectivity was performed to search core cortical regions which might be potentially modulated by striatum and cerebellum. Node-node and edge-edge moderation models were constructed to depict direct and indirect moderation effects in states with and without IEDs. Patients showed increased hierarchical connectivity with sensorimotor cortices (SMC) and decreased connectivity with regions in the default mode network (DMN). In the state without IEDs, striatum, cerebellum, and thalamus were linked to weaken the interactions of regions in the salience network (SN) with DMN and SMC. In periods with IEDs, overall increased moderation effects on the interaction between regions in SN and DMN, and between regions in DMN and SMC were observed. The thalamus and striatum were implicated in weakening interactions between regions in SN and SMC. The striatum and cerebellum moderated the cortical interaction among DMN, SN, and SMC in alliance with the thalamus, contributing to the dysfunction in states with and without IEDs in IGE. The current work revealed state-specific modulation effects of striatum and cerebellum on thalamocortical circuits and uncovered the potential core cortical targets which might contribute to develop new clinical neuromodulation techniques.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery drainage is feasible and safe for acute necrotizing mediastinitis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Acute necrotizing mediastinitis (ANM) is a severe infection of the mediastinal loose connective tissue. Traditionally, it has been treated with thoracotomy, but video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is been increasingly used in patients with this condition. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of VATS and open thoracotomy in treating ANM. Methods: The medical records of patients with ANM who underwent surgery between March 2012 and April 2021 were retrieved. A retrospective screening was conducted based on clinical characteristics, bacterial pathogens, surgical approach, and outcomes. The patients were divided into a VATS group and an open thoracotomy (Open) group. The patient characteristics and surgical outcomes of the two groups were summarized and compared. Results: A total of 64 cases were enrolled in this study, including 48 in the VATS group (75%) and 16 in the Open group (25%). The most common site of infection was the neck (n=26, 40.6%). Streptococcus constellatus and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) were the most frequently found pathogens in secretion culture. In sputum culture, the most common pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia and A. baumannii. Postoperative outcomes, including blood transfusion (33.3% vs. 43.8%; P=0.45), duration of postoperative drainage {14 [1-47] vs. 17 [4-54] days; P=0.15}, length of antibiotic medication {14.5 [1-54] vs. 18 [4-54] days; P=0.29}, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (87.5% vs. 75.0%; P=0.43), length of ICU stay {5 [1-58] vs. 8.5 [1-37] days; P=0.20}, postoperative hospital stay {17 [2-61] vs. 21 [5-56] days; P=0.22}, reoperation rate (12.5% vs. 6.25%; P=0.82), and mortality rate (14.6% vs. 12.5%; P>0.99) were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: ANM treated by both the VATS and open approach had comparable outcomes. Therefore, VATS is a viable option for patients with ANM.

Functional and structural networks decoupling in generalized tonic-clonic seizures and its reorganization by drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential functional and structural large-scale network disturbances in untreated patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and the effects of antiseizure drugs. METHODS: In this study, 41 patients with GTCS, comprising 21 untreated patients and 20 patients who received antiseizure medications (ASMs), and 29 healthy controls were recruited to construct large-scale brain networks based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Structural and functional connectivity and network-level weighted correlation probability (NWCP) were further investigated to identify network features that corresponded to response to ASMs. RESULTS: Untreated patients showed more extensive enhancement of functional and structural connections than controls. Specifically, we observed abnormally enhanced connections between the default mode network (DMN) and the frontal-parietal network. In addition, treated patients showed similar functional connection strength to that of the control group. However, all patients exhibited similar structural network alterations. Moreover, the NWCP value was lower for connections within the DMN and between the DMN and other networks in the untreated patients; receiving ASMs could reverse this pattern. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identified alterations in structural and functional connectivity in patients with GTCS. The influence of ASMs may be more noticeable within the functional network; moreover, abnormalities in both the functional and structural coupling state may be improved by ASM treatment. Therefore, the coupling state of structural and functional connectivity may be used as an indicator of the efficacy of ASMs.

Clostridium caldaquaticum sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring sediment.

A novel anaerobic bacterium, designated SYSU GA19001T, was isolated from a hot spring sediment sample. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Clostridium, and showed the highest sequence similarity to Clostridium swellfunianum CICC 10730T (96.63 %) and Clostridium prolinivorans PYR-10T (96.11 %). Cells of strain SYSU GA19001T were Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped (0.6-0.8×2.6-4.0 µm) and motile. Growth was observed at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 37-55 °C (optimum, 45 °C) and in NaCl concentrations of 0-2.0 % (optimum, 0 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 31.62 %. The major cellular fatty acids of strain SYSU GA19001T were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and summed feature 8. The prominent polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol. Meso-diaminopimelic acid was the diamino acid in peptidoglycan. Based on the results of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses, strain SYSU GA19001T represents a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium caldaquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel species is SYSU GA19001T (=NBRC 115040T= CGMCC 1.17864T).

Insights into the effects of drying treatments on cultivable microbial diversity of marine sediments.

Microbes are widespread in the sea that covers more than two-thirds of the earth's surface and most microorganisms living in the marine environment have yet to be cultured. Previous studies showed that drying treatment, a strategy of sample pre-treatment widely applied in microbial isolation and incubation, may alter the cultivable microbial diversity, such as Actinomycetota, essential for exploring novel secondary metabolites from the marine environment, isolated from drying-treated samples. However, whether drying treatments actually can change microbial community diversity and how the drying treatments of samples influence the cultivable microbial diversity of marine samples have not yet adequately been evaluated. Here, three marine sediment samples were dried and incubated at 28 ºC, 37 ºC, and 45 ºC, and the microbial diversity was assessed with high-throughput sequencing. Our results suggested that drying treatments had different effects on different genera and some potential novel species could be cultured only from drying-treated samples, including the novel members from the families Paenibacillaceae and Thermoactinomycetaceae. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the treated samples were clustered according to the cultivation temperatures rather than the drying conditions at high cultivation temperatures. However, at the cultivation temperatures of 28 ºC, drying treatments were the larger separation between cultivable microbial communities in the process of microbial isolation. These results showed that the drying treatments influenced the cultivated microbes in a taxon-specific pattern and extended potential novel taxa. Combining high-throughput sequencing to various drying conditions and incubation temperatures, this study provides new insight into the effects of drying treatment on the cultivable microbial diversity of marine sediments.

Regulation of the p38-MAPK pathway by hyperosmolarity and by WNK kinases.

p38-MAPK is a stress-response kinase activated by hyperosmolarity. Here we interrogated the pathways involved. We show that p38-MAPK signaling is activated by hyperosmotic stimulation in various solutions, cell types and colonic organoids. Hyperosmolarity sensing is detected at the level of the upstream activators of p38-MAPK: TRAF2/ASK1 (but not Rac1) and MKK3/6/4. While WNK kinases are known osmo-sensors, we found, unexpectedly, that short (2 h) inhibition of WNKs (with WNK463) led to elevated p38-MAPK activity under hyperosmolarity, which was mediated by WNK463-dependent stimulation of TAK1 or TRAF2/ASK1, the upstream activators of MKK3/6/4. However, this effect was temporary and was reversed by long-term (2 days) incubation with WNK463. Accordingly, 2 days (but not 2 h) inhibition of p38-MAPK or its upstream activators ASK1 or TAK1, or WNKs, diminished regulatory volume increase (RVI) following cell shrinkage under hyperosmolarity. We also show that RVI mediated by the ion transporter NKCC1 is dependent on p38-MAPK. Since WNKs are known activators of NKCC1, we propose a WNK- > NKCC1- > p38-MAPK pathway that controls RVI. This pathway is augmented by NHE1. Additionally, hyperosmolarity inhibited mTORC1 activation and cell proliferation. Thus, activation of p38-MAPK and WNKs is important for RVI and for cell proliferation.

Oceanobacillus saliphilus sp. nov., Isolated from Saline-Alkali Soil in Heilongjiang Province, China.

A novel bacterium, designated strain APA_H-1(4)T, was isolated from the saline-alkaline soil, Zhaodong, Heilongjiang Province, China. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, and whole-genome sequencing were used to determine the taxonomic position of the strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Oceanobacillus, and showed the highest sequence similarity to O. damuensis KCTC 33146T (98.35%, similarity) and 'O. massiliensis' DSM 24644 (98.32%). The average nucleotide identity values between strain APA_H-1(4)T and other members of the genus Oceanobacillus were lower than 82% recommended for distinguishing novel prokaryotic species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain APA_H-1(4)T with O. damuensis KCTC 33146T and 'O. massiliensis' DSM 24644 were 13.60 and 17.60%, respectively. Cells of strain APA_H-1(4)T were Gram-staining positive, motile, aerobic, spore-forming rods (0.5-0.7 × 1.8-2.6 µm) with flagella. The growth was found to occur optimally at 37 °C. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell wall diamino acid. The main detected polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified polar lipid. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acid (>10%) was anteiso-C15:0. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 38.4% based on the draft genome sequence. Based on the comparative analysis of polyphasic taxonomic data, strain APA_H-1(4)T represents a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus saliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is APA_H-1(4)T (=GDMCC 1.2239T = KCTC 43254T).

Investigation of the soft carbon microstructure in silicon/carbon anodes for superior lithium storage.

It is essential to consider the controllable microstructure of soft carbon and its enhancement effect on the electrochemical performance of silicon (Si) active materials. In this study, a series of Si@mesocarbon microbead (Si@MCMB) composites were prepared using mesophase pitch as the soft carbon source to coat nano-Si. The results showed that the ordered carbon layer stacking of soft carbon increased slightly with increasing heat treatment temperature in the range of 800-1400 °C. The Si@MCMB composites at higher temperature had a turbostratic carbon layer texture with rich porosity and smaller specific surface area, and had good cycle stability and high rate performance. These results highlighted that the co-existing structure of turbostratic carbon arrays with abundant porosity from soft carbon, provided the electron/ion transfer channels, underwent Si alloy volume change and enhanced the mechanical stability. Importantly, the relationship between the capacity retention rate of the Si@MCMB anodes and the microstructural characteristics (carbon layer and porosity) of soft carbon was established, which provided effective guidance for the design of high-performance silicon/carbon (Si/C) anode materials.

Elevated intracellular Na+ and osmolarity stimulate catalytic activity of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2.

Regulation of catalytic activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases is critical for their cellular functions. We identified an unexpected mode of regulation of E3 catalytic activity by ions and osmolarity; enzymatic activity of the HECT family E3 Nedd4-2/Nedd4L is enhanced by increased intracellular Na+ ([Na+]i) and by hyperosmolarity. This stimulated activity is mediated by activation of p38-MAPK and is inhibited by WNKs. Moreover, protease (Furin)-mediated activation of the epithelial Na+ channel ENaC (a bona fide Nedd4-2 substrate), which leads to increased [Na+]i and osmolarity, results in enhanced Nedd4-2 catalytic activity. This enhancement is inhibited by a Furin inhibitor, by a protease-resistant ENaC mutant, or by treatment with the ENaC inhibitor amiloride. Moreover, WNK inhibition, which stimulates catalytic activity of Nedd4-2, leads to reduced levels of cell-surface ENaC and reduced channel activity. ENaC activity does not affect Nedd4-2:ENaC binding. Therefore, these results demonstrate activation of a ubiquitin ligase by Na+ and osmotic changes. Importantly, they reveal a negative feedback loop in which active ENaC leads to stimulation of catalytic activity of its own suppressor, Nedd4-2, to protect cells from excessive Na+ loading and hyperosmotic stress and to protect the animal from hypertension.

Thermomonas flagellata sp. nov. and Thermomonas alba sp. nov., two novel members of the phylum Pseudomonadota isolated from hot spring sediments.

Two novel species, designated strains SYSU G04041T and SYSU G04536T, were isolated from hot spring sediments collected in Yunnan, PR China. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, and whole-genome sequencing were used to determine the taxonomic positions of the candidate strains. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SYSU G04041T showed the highest sequence similarity to Thermomonas haemolytica A50-7-3T (97.5 %), and SYSU G04536T showed the highest sequence similarity to Thermomonas hydrothermalis SGM-6T (98.2 %). The strains could be differentiated from other species of the genus Thermomonas by their distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Cells of strains SYSU G04041T and SYSU G04536T were aerobic, motile and Gram-stain-negative. Growth both occurred optimally at 45 °C and pH 7.0 for SYSU G04041T and SYSU G04536T. In addition, the predominant respiratory quinone in both isolates was ubiquinone Q-8. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain SYSU G04041T were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, while the major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain SYSU G04536T were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The main detected polar lipids in strains SYSU G04041T and SYSU G04536T included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains SYSU G04041T and SYSU G04536T based on draft genomic sequences were 72.5 and 68.3 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strains SYSU G04041T and SYSU G04536T represent two novel species of the genus Thermomonas, for which the names Thermomonas flagellata sp. nov. and Thermomonas alba sp. nov. are proposed, with the type strains SYSU G04041T (=CGMCC 1.19366T=KCTC 92228T) and SYSU G04536T (=CGMCC 1.19367T=KCTC 82839T), respectively.

Rhodoflexus caldus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the phylum Bacteroidota isolated from a hot spring sediment.

A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain SYSU G04325T, was isolated from a hot spring sediment in Yunnan, China. Polyphasic taxonomic analyses and whole-genome sequencing were used to determine the taxonomic position of the strain. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYSU G04325T shows high sequence similarity to Thermoflexibacter ruber NBRC 16677T (86.2%). The strain can be differentiated from other species of the family Thermoflexibacteraceae by its distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Cells of the strain SYSU G04325T were observed to be aerobic, Gram-stain negative and filamentous. Growth was found to occur optimally at 45 ºC and pH 7.0. In addition, the respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-7, while the major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C17:1ω9c). The polar lipids detected included phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid, five unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified polar lipids. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 47.6% based on the draft genome sequence. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU G04325T is concluded to represent a novel species of a novel genus in the family Thermoflexibacteraceae, for which the name Rhodoflexus caldus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Rhodoflexus caldus is SYSU G04325T (= MCCC 1K06127T = KCTC 82848T).

Kinase-independent synthesis of 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides by a phosphotransferase.

Despite their low abundance, phosphoinositides play a central role in membrane traffic and signalling. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 are uniquely important, as they promote cell growth, survival and migration. Pathogenic organisms have developed means to subvert phosphoinositide metabolism to promote successful infection and their survival in host organisms. We demonstrate that PtdIns(3,4)P2 is a major product generated in host cells by the effectors of the enteropathogenic bacteria Salmonella and Shigella. Pharmacological, gene silencing and heterologous expression experiments revealed that, remarkably, the biosynthesis of PtdIns(3,4)P2 occurs independently of phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Instead, we found that the Salmonella effector SopB, heretofore believed to be a phosphatase, generates PtdIns(3,4)P2 de novo via a phosphotransferase/phosphoisomerase mechanism. Recombinant SopB is capable of generating PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 from PtdIns(4,5)P2 in a cell-free system. Through a remarkable instance of convergent evolution, bacterial effectors acquired the ability to synthesize 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides by an ATP- and kinase-independent mechanism, thereby subverting host signalling to gain entry and even provoke oncogenic transformation.

Genome-based reclassification of the genus Meiothermus along with the proposal of a new genus Allomeiothermus gen. nov.

Phylogenomic analyses were performed on the nine species of the genus Meiothermus and four species of the genus Calidithermus. Phylogenetic analysis, low values of genomic relatedness indices and functional diversity analysis indicated that Meiothermus silvanus should not be classified within the clades for Meiothermus and Calidithermus but instead be reclassified as a new genus, for which we propose the name Allomeiothermus gen. nov., with Allomeiothermus silvanus comb. nov. as type species. In addition, the species Meiothermus cateniformans Zhang et al. (Int J Syst Evol Microbial 60:840-844, 2010) should also be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of Meiothermus taiwanensis Chen et al. (Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1647-1654, 2002) emend. Raposo et al. (2019). This reclassification is based on the high genomic relatedness indices (98.8% ANI; 90.2% dDDH; 99% AAI) that are above the threshold values necessary for defining a new species, as well as on the observation of overlapping functions on Principal Coordinate Analysis plot generated from Clusters of Orthologous Genes.

Deinococcus aestuarii sp. nov. and Deinococcus aquaedulcis sp. nov., two novel resistant bacteria isolated from pearl river estuary.

Two novel species of the genus Deinococcus, designated SYSU M49105T and SYSU M42101T, were isolated from freshwater samples of the Pearl River estuary in Guangdong, China. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strains SYSU M49105T and SYSU M42101T showed the highest sequence similarities to Deinococcus aetherius JCM 11751 T (93.6%) and Deinococcus multiflagellatus NBRC 112888 T (97.3%), respectively. Cells of both strains were Gram-staining positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, oxidase-negative and non-motile. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as their diagnostic diamino acid. MK-8 was the predominant respiratory quinone for both strains. The polar lipid profile of SYSU M49105T contained two unidentified phosphoglycolipids, nine unidentified glycolipids, and five unidentified polar lipids. SYSU M42101T had one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, nine unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and four unidentified polar lipids. The major fatty acids of strains SYSU M49105T and SYSU M42101T were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/ or C16:1 ω6c) and C16:0. The G + C contents of the novel isolates based on genomic DNAs were 69.6% and 67.4%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strains SYSU M49105T and SYSU M42101T should be considered to represent two novel species in the genus Deinococcus, for which the names Deinococcus aestuarii sp. nov. and Deinococcus aquaedulcis sp. nov. were proposed with the type strains SYSU M49105T (= KCTC 43258 T = CGMCC 1.18609 T) and SYSU M42101T (= KCTC 43257 T = CGMCC 1.18614 T), respectively.

Agilicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Dermatophilaceae isolated from the Pearl River.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SYSU M44304T, was isolated from freshwater samples in the Pearl River Estuary. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, oxidase-positive and motile. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as its diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and seven unidentified phospholipids. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C16 : 1. The G+C content based on genomic DNA was 73.2 mol %. The nearest phylogenetic neighbours to the novel strain were Mobilicoccus pelagius NBRC 104925T and Mobilicoccus caccae YIM 101593T. On the basis of chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU M44304T should be considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Dermatophilaceae, for which we propose the name Agilicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Agilicoccus flavus is SYSU M44304T (=NBRC 114808T=CGMCC 1.18608T).

Roseomonas ponticola sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from Pearl River estuary.

A novel species of the genus Roseomonas, designated SYSU M41301T, was isolated from water sample of the Pearl River estuary in Guangdong, China. Polyphasic, taxonomic and phylogenomic analyses were used to determine the taxonomy position of the strain. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SYSU M41301T showed the highest sequence similarity to Roseomonas stagni KCTC 22213T (97.9 %) and Roseomonas riguiloci KCTC 23339T (96.4 %). The novel species could be differentiated from other species of the genus Roseomonas by its distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The isolate was Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, short rod-shape, oxidase-positive and non-motile. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and one unidentified polar lipid. The major fatty acids (>10 % of total) were 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/ or C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18:  :1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The G+C content of the novel isolate based on genomic DNA was 72.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU M41301T should be considered to represent a novel species in the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas ponticola sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain SYSU M41301T (=KCTC 72726T=CGMCC 1.18613T).