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Acupoint drug delivery is a traditional external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Guided by the meridian and collateral theory in TCM, it applies medications to the skin at acupoints, exerting a dual therapeutic effect by stimulating the acupoints and the conduction of meridians. Acupoint drug delivery is widely used in clinical practice. Different from traditional oral admi-nistration and injection, it absorbs medications through the skin, effectively avoiding the first-pass effect of drugs and the toxic side effects caused by injection. Acupoint selection and transdermal drug absorption are pivotal factors affecting the efficacy of acupoint drug delivery. Recent research on acupoint drug delivery mainly focuses on the evaluation of clinical efficacy, yet the systematic investigations on acupoint selection and pharmacodynamic factors are scarce. This study reviews the mechanism, efficacy evaluation and application status of acupoint drug delivery. It integrates the theory of TCM with modern medicine to explore the mechanism of acupoint drug delivery, evaluate its clinical efficacy, and assess the transdermal penetration in vivo and in vitro. The application status of acupoint drug delivery is also summarized, including the selection of acupoints, application dosage form, application time and the absorption of acupoints. This review aims to offer insights and references for the research, development and clinical application of acupoint drug delivery products.
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Pontos de Acupuntura , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Animais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacocinética , Absorção Cutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Meridianos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Administração CutâneaRESUMO
The advantage of low-temperature forming through direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing is becoming a strategy for the construction of innovative drug delivery systems (DDSs). Optimization of the complex formulation, including factors such as the printing ink, presence of solvents, and potential low mechanical strength, are challenges during process development. This study presents an application of DIW to fabricate water-soluble, high-dose, and sustained-release DDSs. Utilizing poorly compressible metformin hydrochloride as a model drug, a core-shell delivery system was developed, featuring a core composed of 96 % drug powder and 4 % binder, with a shell structure serving as a drug-release barrier. This design aligns with the sustained-release profile of traditional processes, achieving a 25.8 % reduction in volume and enhanced mechanical strength. The strategy facilitates sustained release of high-dose water-soluble formulations for over 12 h, potentially improving patient compliance by reducing formulation size. Process optimization and multi-batch flexibility were also explored in this study. Our findings provide a valuable reference for the development of innovative DDSs and 3D-printed drugs.
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High-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) exhibit promising potential in various catalytic applications, yet a robust synthesis strategy has been elusive. Here, we introduce a straightforward and universal method, involving the microexplosion of Leidenfrost droplets housing carbon black and metal salt precursors, to fabricate PtRhPdIrRu HEA NPs with a size of â¼2.3 nm. The accumulated pressure within the Leidenfrost droplet triggers an intense explosion within milliseconds, propelling the carbon support and metal salt rapidly into the hot solvent through explosive force. The exceptionally quick temperature rise ensures the coreduction of metal salts, and the dilute local concentration of metal ions limits the final size of the HEA NPs. Additionally, the explosion process can be fine-tuned by selecting different solvents, enabling the harvesting of diverse HEA NPs with superior electrocatalytic activity for alcohol electrooxidation and hydrogen electrocatalysis compared to commercial Pt (Pd) unitary catalysts.
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The construction of heterostructure materials has been demonstrated as the promising approach to design high-performance anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, micro-mesoporous cobalt phosphosulfide nanowires (Co3S4/CoP/NC) with Co3S4/CoP hetero-nanocrystals encapsulating into N-doped carbon frameworks were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal reaction and subsequent phosphosulfidation process. The obtained micro-mesoporous nanowires greatly improve the charge transport kinetics from the facilitation of the charge transport into the inner part of nanowire. When evaluated as SIBs anode material, the Co3S4/CoP/NC presents outstanding electrochemical performance and battery properties owing to the synergistic effect between Co3S4 and CoP nanocrystals and the conductive carbon frameworks. The electrode material delivers outstanding reversible rate capacity (722.33 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g) and excellent cycle stability with 522.22 mAh/g after 570 cycles at 5.0 A/g. Besides, the Ex-situ characterizations including XRD, XPS, and EIS further revealed and demonstrated the outstanding sodium ion storage mechanism of Co3S4/CoP/NC electrode. These findings pave a promising way for the development of novel metal phosphosulfide anodes with unexpected performance for SIBs and other alkali ion batteries.
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Ginseng holds high medicinal and cosmetic value, with stem and leaf extracts garnering attention for their abundant bioactive ingredients. Meanwhile, fermentation can enhance the effectiveness of cosmetics. The aim of this study was to optimize ginseng fermentation to produce functional cosmetics. Ginseng stem and leaf extracts were fermented with five different strains of lactic acid bacteria. Using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and superoxide anion (O2·-) scavenging activities as indicators, the fermentation process was optimized via response surface methodology. Finally, validation of the antioxidant activity of the optimized fermentation broth was performed using human skin cells (HaCaT and BJ cells). Based on the antioxidant potency composite comprehensive index, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1.140 was selected, and the optimized parameters were a fermentation time of 35.50 h, an inoculum size of 2.45%, and a temperature of 28.20 °C. Optimized fermentation boosted antioxidant activity: DPPH scavenging activity increased by 25.00%, ·OH by 94.00%, and O2·- by 73.00%. Only the rare ginsenoside Rg5 showed a substantial rise in content among the 11 ginsenosides examined after fermentation. Furthermore, the flavonoid content and ·OH scavenging activity were significantly negatively correlated (r = -1.00, p < 0.05), while the Rh1 content and O2·- scavenging activity were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.998, p < 0.05). Both the 0.06% (v/v) and 0.25% (v/v) concentrations of the optimized broth significantly promoted cell proliferation, and notable protective effects against oxidative damage were observed in HaCaT cells when the broth was at 0.06%. Collectively, we demonstrated that ginseng fermentation extract effectively eliminates free radicals, preventing and repairing cellular oxidative damage. This study has identified new options for the use of fermented ginseng in functional cosmetics.
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Antioxidantes , Panax , Humanos , Antioxidantes/química , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Fermentação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Panax/químicaRESUMO
Synthesis of advanced structure and multiple heteroatom-doped carbon based heterostructure materials are the key to the preparation of high-performance energy storage electrode materials. Herein, the hexapod-shaped Co1-xS@NPSC has been triumphantly prepared using hexapod ZIF-67 as the sacrificial template to prepare Co1-xS inner core and N, P, and S tri-doped carbon (NPSC) as the shell through the carbonization of the organic polymer precursor. When applied as anode for Na+ batteries (SIBs) and K+ batteries (PIBs), Co1-xS@NPSC presents the high reversible specific capability of 747.4 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g after 235 cycles and 387.8 mAh/g at 5.0 A/g after 760 cycles for SIBs, as well as 326.7 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g after 180 cycles for PIBs. The excellent storage capacity and rate capability of Co1-xS@NPSC is ascribed to hexapod structure of ZIF-67 unlike the common dodecahedron, which is constructed with interior porous and exterior framework repository, donating supplemental active sites, and doping of multiple heteroatoms forming organic polymer coating inhibiting the volume expansion and restrains the agglomeration of Co1-xS nanoparticles. This approach has paved a bright avenue to exploit promising anode materials with novel structure and hetero-atom doping for high-performance energy storage devices.
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Direct ethanol fuel cells show great promise as a means of converting biomass ethanol derived from biomass into electricity. However, the efficiency of complete conversion is hindered by the low selectivity in breaking the C-C bond. This selectivity is determined by factors such as the material structure and reaction conditions, including the nature of the supporting electrolyte. Cations serve not only as facilitators of electricity conduction through ion migration but also as influencers of the reaction pathways. In this study, we utilized differential electrochemical mass spectrometry to track the in situ generation of CO2 during potential scanning. The presence of alkali cations led to an enhancement in the CO2 selectivity. In addition, in situ Raman spectroscopy provided evidence of the formation of alkali metal cation-sulfate anion ion pairs. The catalytic activity and CO2 selectivity were found to be directly correlated to the ionic strength of these ion pairs.
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In this paper, a cobalt-based sulfide nanosheet structure (Co9S8/NC) was successfully synthesized by topochemical and phase transformation processes from a dodecahedral cobalt-based imidazole skeleton (ZIF-67) as a self-template. The 2D sheet structure facilitates full contact of electrode materials with the electrolyte and shortens the diffusion distance for electrons and ions. In addition, the nitrogen-doped carbon framework derived from ZIF-67 promotes electron transfer and provides a reliable skeleton to buffer volume expansion during discharging and charging. Finally, Co9S8/NC exhibits excellent rate capability and stable cycling performance for the anode of a sodium ion battery, delivering a specific capacity remaining at 530 mA h g-1 after 130 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1.
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Introduction: Clodronate-Liposomes (Clod-Lipo) injection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been shown to be detrimental to hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation, and our previous study showed that Clod-Lipo injection after HSCT increased adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity of mice after HSCT, but the reason for the large increase in adipocytes has not been clearly explained. The aim of this study was to investigate the source and mechanism of bone marrow cavity adipocytes after HSCT injection of Clod-Lipo. Methods: BALB/c mice received 7.5 Gy of total body irradiation followed by infusion of 5x106 bone marrow mononuclear cells from C57BL/6 via the tail vein. Clod-Lipo were injected through the tail vein on the first day after HSCT and every 5 days for the rest of the day. BALB/c mice were then divided into three groups: BMT, BMT + Clodronate-Liposomes (BMT + Clod-Lipo), and BMT + PBS-Liposomes (BMT + PBS-Lipo). Bone marrow pathological changes were detected by H&E staining, Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in mouse bone marrow cells, and RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of the key transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) mRNA in bone marrow cells. Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) cultured in vitro were identified by flow cytometry, and adipocyte induction assays were performed using Clod-Lipo action for 24 h, Oil red staining was used to identify adipogenesis. Western blot was performed to detect NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression in MSC after Clod-Lipo action. Caspase-1 was blocked with Ac-YVAD-cmk (Ac-YV), followed by adipogenesis assay after 24 h of Clod-Lipo action to observe the change in the amount of adipogenesis. Results: Compared with the other two groups, a significant increase in adipocytes was found in the Clod-Lipo group by HE staining, and increased expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in mouse bone marrow cells was found by western Blot. By culturing MSC in vitro and performing adipogenesis assay after 24 h of Clod-Lipo action, it was found that adipogenesis was increased in the Clod-Lipo group, while the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 was increased in MSCs, and adipogenesis assay was performed after 2 h of action using Caspase-1 inhibitor, and it was found that adipocytes was reduced. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that MSC are biased towards adipocyte generation in response to Clod-Lipo, a process that may be associated with activation of the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway.
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Hydrogels have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field due to their similarity in structure and composition to natural extracellular matrices. However, they have been greatly limited by their low mechanical strength and self-adhesion for further application. Here, a gel-nanofiber material is designed for wound healing, which synergistically combines the benefits of hydrogels and nanofibers and can overcome the bottleneck of poor mechanical strength and self-adhesion in hydrogels and inadequate healing environment created by nanofibers. First, a nanofiber scaffold composed of polycaprolactone/poly(citric acid)-ε-lysine (PCL/PCE) nanofibers is fabricated via a new strategy of microfluidic electrospinning, which could provide a base for hyaluronic acid-polylysine (HE) gel growth on nanofibers. The prepared HE@PCL/PCE gel-nanofiber possesses high tensile strength (24.15 ± 1.67 MPa), excellent air permeability (656 m3/m2 h kPa), outstanding self-adhesion property, and positive hydrophilicity. More importantly, the prepared gel-nanofiber dressing shows good cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties, achieving a high wound-healing rate (92.48%) and 4.685 mm granulation growth thickness within 12 days. This material may open a promising avenue for accelerating wound healing and tissue regeneration, providing potential applications in clinical medicine.
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Nanofibras , Nanofibras/química , Microfluídica , Antibacterianos , Cicatrização , Tecnologia , Bandagens , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Poliésteres/químicaRESUMO
The electrocatalytic conversion of biomass into high-value-added chemicals is one of the effective methods of green chemistry. Conventional metal catalysts have disadvantages, such as low atomic utilization and small surface areas. Catalyst materials derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, an MOF-derived non-precious metal CoxNiyS electrocatalyst was applied to the oxidation of biomass-derivative 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The HMF oxidation reaction activities were modulated by regulating the content of Co and Ni bimetals, showing a volcano curve with an increasing proportion of Co. When the Co:Ni ratio was 2:1, the HMF conversion rate reached 84.5%, and the yield of the main product, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), was 54%. The XPS results showed that the presence of high-valent nickel species after electrolysis, which further proved the existence and reactivity of NiOOH, as well as the synergistic effect of Co and Ni promoted the conversion of HMF. Increasing the content of Ni could increase the activity of HMF electrochemical oxidation, and increasing the content of Co could reduce the increase in the anodic current. This study has important significance for designing better HMF electrochemical catalysts in the future.
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Herein, heterogeneous bimetallic sulfides Bi2S3/Mo7S8 nanoparticles anchored on MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets (MXene@Bi2S3/Mo7S8) were prepared through a solvothermal process and subsequent chemical vapor deposition process. Benefiting from the heterogeneous structure between Bi2S3 and Mo7S8 and the high conductivity of the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, the Na+ diffusion barrier and charge transfer resistance of this electrode are effectively decreased. Simultaneously, the hierarchical architectures of Bi2S3/Mo7S8 and Ti3C2Tx not only effectively inhibit the re-stacking of MXene and the agglomeration of bimetallic sulfides nanoparticles, but also dramatically relieve the volume expansion during the periodic charge/discharge processes. As a result, the MXene@Bi2S3/Mo7S8 heterostructure demonstrated remarkable rate capability (474.9 mAh/g at 5.0 A/g) and outstanding cycling stability (427.3 mAh/g after 1400 cycles at 1.0 A/g) for sodium ion battery. The Na+ storage mechanism and the multiple-step phase transition in the heterostructures are further clarified by the ex-situ XRD and XPS characterizations. This study paves a new way to design and exploit conversion/alloying type anodes of sodium ion batteries with hierarchical heterogeneous architecture and high-performance electrochemical properties.
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Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels through clean and renewable energy electricity provides a way to achieve sustainable development for human societies. In this study, carbon coated nickel catalysts (Ni@NCT) were prepared by solvothermal and high-temperature pyrolysis methods. A series of Ni@NC-X catalysts were obtained by pickling with different kinds of acids for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECRR). The results show that Ni@NC-N treated with nitric acid has the highest selectivity but lower activity, Ni@NC-S treated with sulfuric acid has the lowest selectivity, and Ni@NC-Cl treated with hydrochloric acid shows the best activity and good selectivity. At -1.16 V, Ni@NC-Cl has a considerable CO yield of 472.9 µmol h-1 cm-2, which is significantly superior to Ni@NC-N (327.5), Ni@NC-S (295.6) and Ni@NC (270.8). The controlled experiments show that there is a synergistic effect between Ni and N. The chlorine adsorbed on the surface can promote the performance of ECRR. The poisoning experiments indicate that the contribution of surface Ni atoms to the ECRR is very small, and the increase of activity is mainly due to the nitrogen doped carbon coated Ni particles. The relationship between activity and selectivity of ECRR on different acid-washed catalysts was correlated by theoretical calculations for the first time, which is also in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Herein, selenium (Se)-doped MoS1.5Se0.5@VS2 nanosheets aggregated nano-roses were successfully prepared from a simple hydrothermal process and the subsequent selenium doping process. The hetero-interfaces between MoS1.5Se0.5 and VS2 phase can effectively promote the charge transfer. Meanwhile, the different redox potentials of MoS1.5Se0.5 and VS2 alleviate volume expansion during the repeated sodiation/desodiation processes, which improves the electrochemical reaction kinetics and structural stability of electrode material. Besides, Se doping can induce charge reconstruction and improve the conductivity of electrode materials, resulting in improved diffusion reaction kinetics by expanding interlayer spacing and exposing more active sites. When used as anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), the MoS1.5Se0.5@VS2 heterostructure exhibits excellent rate capability and long-term cycling stability with the capacity of 533.9 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 and a reversible capacity of 424.5 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g-1, demonstrating potential application as anode material for SIBs.
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To avoid wasting blueberry pomace resources, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were combined with ultrasound technology to establish an efficient green method for the recovery of anthocyanins and polyphenols from plant-derived by-products. Choline chloride:1,4-butanediol (molar ratio of 1:3) was chosen as the optimal solvent based on the screening of eight solvents and single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters: water content, 29%; extraction temperature, 63 °C; liquid-solid ratio, 36:1 (v/w). The yields of total anthocyanins and total polyphenols from the optimized extraction were 11.40 ± 0.14 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equiv./g and 41.56 ± 0.17 mg gallic acid equiv./g, respectively, which were both significantly better than the yields achieved with 70% ethanol. The purified anthocyanins showed excellent inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 16.57 µg/mL). The physicochemical parameters of DES suggest that it can be used for the extraction of bioactive substances.
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Mirtilos Azuis (Planta) , Polifenóis , Solventes/química , Antocianinas , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/química , Solventes Eutéticos Profundos , Extratos Vegetais/química , EtanolRESUMO
In this study, we demonstrated the synthesis of potassium chloride (KCl)-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride, (g-C3N4, CN) with varying amounts of N-vacancies and pyridinic-N as well as enhanced Lewis basicity, via a single-step thermal polymerization by tailoring the precursors of melamine and urea for carbon oxide (CO2) capture. Melamine, as a precursor, undergoes a phase transformation into melam and triazine-rich g-C3N4, whereas the addition of urea polymerizes the mixture to form melem and heptazine-rich g-C3N4 (CN11). Owing to the abundance of pyridinic-N and the high surface area, CN11 adsorbed higher amounts of CO2 (44.52 µmol m-2 at 25 °C and 1 bar of CO2) than those reported for other template-free carbon materials. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the enhanced CO2 adsorption is due to the presence of pyridinic-N and Lewis basic sites on the surface. The intermediates of CO2adsorption, including carbonate and bicarbonate species, attached to the CN samples were identified using in-situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This work provides insights into the mechanism of CO2 adsorption by comparing the structural features of the synthesized KCl-incorporated g-C3N4 samples. CN11, with an excellent CO2 uptake capacity, is viewed as a promising candidate for CO2 capture and storage.
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Dióxido de Carbono , Ureia , Cloreto de Potássio , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Adsorção , Ureia/química , Triazinas/químicaRESUMO
Response surfaces methodology was established in order to optimize ultrasound-assisted aqueous alkaline protease extraction parameters of Pinus koraiensis nuts oil (PNO) in this short communication. On the oil yield, the impacts of single factors were studied. The solid-liquid ratio, enzyme concentration, enzyme hydrolysis temperature, and enzyme hydrolysis duration were chosen for further optimization of the extraction process utilizing a Box-Behnken design based on statistical significance analysis. Under ideal extraction conditions, a maximum oil recovery of 68.35% was achieved: solid-liquid ratio, enzyme concentration, enzyme hydrolysis temperature, and enzyme hydrolysis duration were 1:5 (g/mL), 3.23 mg/g, 44 °C, and 2.84 h, respectively. Furthermore, physicochemical properties testing revealed that the oil was of higher quality than other approaches. Meanwhile, the DPPH radical-scavenging activities increased with increased content compared to olive oil, with an IC50 value of 0.082 mg/mL. The method has a lot of potential when it comes to extracting oils from plants.
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Nozes , Pinus , Nozes/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Pinus/química , Água/química , Antioxidantes/químicaRESUMO
Recently, the composite photocatalysts coupled with upconversion materials have received widespread attention due to higher utilization efficiency of solar energy in a wide-spectrum range. Novel heterojunction photocatalysts of CoWO4@NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ were designed and developed herein. The structural characterization, morphology and elemental composition analysis demonstrated that heterojunctions between CoWO4 and NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ were indeed formed in the composite photocatalysts. Moreover, CoWO4@NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ heterojunction photocatalysts exhibited higher pollutants degradation efficiency. Especially, a great enhancement of +87% on the photocatalytic activity was achieved in the heterojunction photocatalyst of 60CoWO4-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ compared with pure CoWO4. The dominant radicals generated from the heterojunction photocatalysts were confirmed as the photo-generated holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (â OH) through the radical species trapping experiments and fluorescence detection, which is fully in line with the expected band structure characteristics of CoWO4. Eventually, an underlying mechanism was proposed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity should be attributed to the wide-spectrum responsive features of CoWO4@NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ heterojunction photocatalysts. Within the heterostructures, CoWO4 photocatalyst can absorb both the UV-Vis light due to its narrow bandgap and the Near-Infrared energy through the upconversion NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+, thereby utilizing solar energy more efficiently in a wide-spectrum range for photocatalytic reactions.
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Histone modifications are critical epigenetic indicators of chromatin state associated with gene expression. Although the reprogramming patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 have been elucidated in mouse and human preimplantation embryos, the relationship between these marks and zygotic genome activation (ZGA) remains poorly understood. By ultra-low-input native chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, we profiled global H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in porcine oocytes and in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. We found that promoters of ZGA genes occupied sharp H3K4me3 peaks in oocytes, and these peaks became broader after fertilization, and reshaped into sharp again during ZGA. By simultaneous depletion of H3K4me3 demethylase KDM5B and KDM5C, we determined that broad H3K4me3 domain maintenance impaired ZGA gene expression, suggesting its function to prevent premature ZGA entry. By contrast, broad H3K27me3 domains underwent global removal upon fertilization, followed by a re-establishment for H3K4me3/H3K27me3 bivalency in morulae. We also found that bivalent marks were deposited at promoters of ZGA genes, and inhibiting this deposition was correlated with the activation of ZGA genes. It suggests that promoter bivalency contributes to ZGA exit in porcine embryos. Moreover, we demonstrated that aberrant reprogramming of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 triggered ZGA dysregulation in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, whereas H3K27me3-mediated imprinting did not exist in porcine IVF and SCNT embryos. Our findings highlight two previously unknown epigenetic reprogramming modes coordinated with ZGA in porcine preimplantation embryos. Finally, the similarities observed between porcine and human histone modification dynamics suggest that the porcine embryo may also be a useful model for human embryo research.
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Structural variations (SVs), such as inversion and duplication, contribute to important agronomic traits in crops1. Pan-genome studies revealed that SVs were a crucial and ubiquitous force driving genetic diversification2-4. Although genome editing can effectively create SVs in plants and animals5-8, the potential of designed SVs in breeding has been overlooked. Here, we show that new genes and traits can be created in rice by designed large-scale genomic inversion or duplication using CRISPR/Cas9. A 911 kb inversion on chromosome 1 resulted in a designed promoter swap between CP12 and PPO1, and a 338 kb duplication between HPPD and Ubiquitin2 on chromosome 2 created a novel gene cassette at the joint, promoterUbiquitin2::HPPD. Since the original CP12 and Ubiquitin2 genes were highly expressed in leaves, the expression of PPO1 and HPPD in edited plants with homozygous SV alleles was increased by tens of folds and conferred sufficient herbicide resistance in field trials without adverse effects on other important agronomic traits. CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing for gene knock-ups has been generally considered very difficult without inserting donor DNA as regulatory elements. Our study challenges this notion by providing a donor-DNA-free strategy, thus greatly expanding the utility of CRISPR/Cas in plant and animal improvements.