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1.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 39(3)sept. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533498

RESUMO

Introducción: La epilepsia del lóbulo temporal mesial se considera la más frecuente de las epilepsias focales, con signos y síntomas característicos que ayudan a definir su diagnóstico. Contenidos: Dentro de su historia natural, las crisis pueden iniciar en los primeros años de vida, usualmente como episodios febriles con un periodo de remisión, para reaparecer en la adolescencia o en el adulto joven. La presentación electroencefalográfica tiene un patrón característico, con aparición de puntas y ondas agudas interictales en la región temporal anterior, por lo general unilaterales, y con actividad ictal generalmente theta en la misma localización. La causa más frecuente es la esclerosis del hipocampo. El tratamiento con medicamentos anticrisis puede controlar la epilepsia, aunque algunos casos pueden evolucionar a la farmacorresistencia, en la cual la cirugía de epilepsia está indicada, y tiene buenos resultados. Conclusiones: Esta revisión se centra en la descripción de las características electroclínicas de la epilepsia temporal mesial, para hacer un diagnóstico temprano e iniciar un tratamiento adecuado, a efectos de lograr un mejor pronóstico y una mejor calidad de vida para los pacientes con epilepsia y sus familiares.


Introduction: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is considered the most common of the focal epilepsies, with characteristic signs and symptoms that help define its diagnosis. Contents: In the natural history of the disease, seizures can begin in the first years of life, usually as febrile seizures with a period of remission, to reappear in adolescence or in the young adult. The electroencephalographic presentation has a characteristic pattern with the appearance of interictal sharp waves and spikes in the anterior temporal region, usually unilateral, and with generally theta ictal activity in the same location. The most common cause is hippocampal sclerosis. Treatment with antiseizure medication can control epilepsy. However, in some cases evolution of drug resistance can occur, leading to epilepsy surgery as the most appropriate treatment, based on its good results. Conclusions: This review focuses on the description of the electroclinical characteristics of temporal mesial epilepsy, in order to make an early diagnosis and adequate treatment, thus providing a better prognosis and quality of life for patients with epilepsy and their families.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Convulsões Febris , Diagnóstico , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal , Pacientes , Prognóstico , Esclerose , Revisão , História Natural
2.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 37(4): 163-172, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349888

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante la pandemia de covid-19, la telemedicina, inicialmente vista como inadecuada, ahora se muestra como una de las respuestas durante este tiempo exigente en la medicina. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el impacto de la atención médica en neurología con la telemedicina durante la pandemia del covid-19 en Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. La información fue obtenida a través de una encuesta anónima dirigida a neurólogos que laboraran en Colombia. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 120 encuestas diligenciadas; 70 (58%) fueron del género femenino. La carga laboral por la atención médica a través de la telemedicina se percibió aumentada en 70 (58.3%) de los encuestados. 76 (63,9%) de los encuestados piensa que la telemedicina es una herramienta que se debería seguir utilizando en la práctica diaria de la neurología, pero con mejoras. Las enfermedades neuromusculares, desmielinizantes y trastornos de movimiento no se consideraron una buena opción para evaluar por telemedicina. Por otro lado, la epilepsia y la demencia se consideraron una buena opción para evaluar por primera vez. DISCUSIÓN: 76 (64%) de los encuestados está de acuerdo en que la telemedicina debe continuar después de la pandemia, pero deben realizarse mejoras para una atención de mejor calidad. Se recomienda realizar nuevos estudios para evaluar de forma sistemática la precisión de la teleneurología en comparación con las consultas en persona. CONCLUSIONES: La telemedicina es una herramienta útil en la práctica neurológica pero requiere mejoras en el proceso para aumentar su eficacia, seguridad y calidad.


SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine, initially viewed as inadequate, can now be considered as one of the solutions during this demanding time in medicine. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of medical attention in neurology with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational descriptive study. Data was obtained by an anonymous survey aimed at working Neurologists in Colombia. RESULTS: Of the 120 questionnaires collected, 70 (58%) were answered by women. The data shows that 70 (58.3%) of participating doctors in this study perceived their patient workload volume increased. Data collected reveals seventy-six (63,9%) of the doctors in this study felt that outpatient telemedicine, with some improvements, can continue to be a useful tool in the daily practice of Neurology. Neuromuscular and demyelinating diseases, and movement disorders were not considered a good option to assess via telemedicine. However, Epilepsy and Dementia were considered a good option for first-time evaluation. DISCUSSION: 76 (64%) of the doctors agreed the practice of telemedicine should continue, even when the pandemic is no longer a factor, however, improvements should be made for a better quality of attention. Additional studies are required to evaluate accuracy of teleneurology in comparison to face-to-face outpatient consultation. CONCLUSION: Telemedicine is a useful tool in Neurology outpatient evaluation, but improvement is needed to assure quality and safety.


Assuntos
Inquéritos e Questionários , Telemedicina , Colômbia , Teleneurologia , COVID-19
3.
Seizure ; 90: 117-122, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33658153

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical variables that could predict the presence of autoantibodies in patients with acute encephalitis. METHODS: An observational, retrospective study from May 2011 to May 2017. Clinical, EEG, brain MRI data, and antibodies against human neuronal antigens (NMDAR, GABAR, AMPAR, LGI1, CASPR2, and GAD) from 158 patients with criteria for possible autoimmune encephalitis were analyzed to create a predictive model for this disease. RESULTS: We analyzed 158 samples, of which 18 cases were positive for anti-NMDAR, 2 for anti-LGI1, and 2 for anti-GAD. Seven of the 18 positive NMDAR patients were children, and 12 were female. Behavioral disorder, epileptic seizures, movement disorder, and altered level of consciousness were the frequent symptoms with >75 % sensitivity in positive anti-NMDAR patients. Other symptoms, such as language disorder, psychosis, hypoventilation, altered wake and sleep cycle, and cognitive impairment, had a sensitivity >55 %. Abnormal EEG findings had a high sensitivity (99.4 %). Brain MRI suggestive of encephalitis was observed in 7 of the positive cases for NMDAR. Abnormal CSF findings were reported in 12 patients positive for this receptor (sensitivity 70.6 %). With 7 of these symptoms, we obtained a sensitivity of 70 % and specificity of 81 % for the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies (ROC Area 82 %). However, to predict that a patient with subacute encephalitis may have an autoimmune cause, the patient should include clinical manifestations such as movement disorder, behavioral disorder, hypoventilation, dysautonomia, and alteration of the wake and sleep cycle. Children were significantly more likely than adults with autoimmune encephalitis to experience chorea and status epilepticus (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis was more frequent in females and children. The repertoire of autoimmune encephalitis in children is different from adults. The presence of subacute behavioral changes, epileptic seizures, movement disorders, altered consciousness, hypoventilation, dysautonomia, and altered wake and sleep cycle predicted autoimmune encephalitis in our series.


Assuntos
Encefalite Antirreceptor de N-Metil-D-Aspartato , Doença de Hashimoto , Adulto , Encefalite Antirreceptor de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/diagnóstico , Autoanticorpos , Criança , Feminino , Doença de Hashimoto/diagnóstico , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Convulsões
4.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 36(supl.1): 11-15, ago. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124085

RESUMO

RESUMEN La encefalopatía es una manifestación neurológica frecuente en los pacientes en UCI con Covid-19. Es importante realizar un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial con el estado epiléptico no convulsivo, para poder optimizar su cuidado y pronóstico. El uso del video-electroencefalograma (VEEG) bajo adecuadas normas de bioseguridad, permite realizar un adecuado diagnóstico del estado epiléptico, disminuyendo el numero de ingresos innecesarios a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo, y el tiempo de sedación con anestésicos. La telemedicina para los pacientes con epilepsia ha demostrado ser una herramienta útil, al no mostrar inferioridad en comparación con las visitas cara a cara habituales en términos de diferencia significativa en el número de las crisis, hospitalizaciones, visitas a la sala de emergencias o cumplimiento de medicamentos.


SUMMARY: Encephalopathy is a frequent neurological manifestation in ICU patients with COVID-19. It is important to make an accurate differential diagnosis with non-convulsive epileptic status, in order to optimize the management and prognosis. The use of Video-EEG monitoring assuring biosecurity standards, allows an adequate diagnosis of epileptic status, reducing the number of unnecessary admissions to the intensive care unit, sedation time and anesthetics use. The use of telemedicine in patients with epilepsy has proven to be a useful tool, compared to standard outpatient visits in terms of number of seizures, admissions, emergency visits, or adherence to the medication.


Assuntos
Mobilidade Urbana
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(12): 546-552, 16 dic., 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-170201

RESUMO

Objetivo. Identificar los predictores de lesiones asociadas con crisis epilépticas en adultos con epilepsia en Colombia. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyó a los pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia mayores de 16 años que fueron atendidos por una especialista en epilepsia que acudieron a Neurocentro en el período comprendido entre 2013 y 2016. Se definió como aso a los pacientes que habían presentado lesiones asociadas con crisis epilépticas, y como grupo control, a los que no las habían presentado. Se calcularon odds ratios e intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se realizó una regresión logística. Resultados. Se identificaron 101 (28,5%) casos y 253 (71,5%) controles. Los pacientes con lesiones asociadas con crisis epilépticas fueron significativamente más jóvenes que los controles a la edad de inicio de la epilepsia (9 frente a 12 años; p = 0,017). Las variables significativas en el análisis bivariado fueron: algún grado de deterioro cognitivo, epilepsia resistente a medicamentos, examen neurológico anormal y crisis asociadas a cambios en las fases lunares. No se identificaron factores protectores. En el análisis multivariado, dos variables permanecieron significativas: epilepsia resistente a medicamentos y algún grado de deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión. Se observó que la epilepsia resistente a medicamentos y el deterioro cognitivo son predictores de lesiones asociadas con crisis epilépticas en pacientes adultos con epilepsia. Un adecuado control farmacológico de las crisis epilépticas y unas recomendaciones de prevención pueden disminuir el riesgo de dichas lesiones en estos pacientes (AU)


Aim. To identify predictors of seizure related injuries in adult patients with epilepsy in Colombia. Subjects and methods. Case-control study. Patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy aged 16 years and older who attended the Neurocentro epilepsy center between 2013-2016 and were attended by a specialist in epilepsy were included. Patients with seizure related injuries were defined as the case. The control group was conformed by those without seizure related injuries. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A logistic regression was performed. Results. A total of 101 (28.5%) patients were cases and 253 (71.5%) were controls. Patients with seizure related injuries were significantly younger than controls at the age of onset of epilepsy (9 vs 12 years; p = 0.017). The significant variables in the bivariate analysis were: some degree of cognitive impairment, drug resistant epilepsy, abnormal neurological examination, and seizures related with changes in the lunar phases. No protective factors were identified. In the multivariate analysis, two variables remained significant: drug resistant epilepsy and some degree of cognitive impairment. Conclusion. Drug-resistant epilepsy and cognitive impairment were predictors of seizure related injuries in adult patients with epilepsy. Adequate pharmacological control of epileptic seizures and prevention recommendations may reduce the risk of seizure related injuries in these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epilepsia/complicações , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Idade de Início , Colômbia , Fatores de Risco , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico
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