Diferencias de género en las publicaciones originales de Archivos de Bronconeumología en el periodo 2001-2018 / Gender Differences in Original Archivos de Bronconeumología Publications, 2001-2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: La desigualdad de género existe en las publicaciones científicas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la evolución histórica de las diferencias de género y factores asociados a las posiciones de las autorías de los trabajos originales de Archivos de Bronconeumología (AB). MÉTODOS: Estudio bibliométrico de AB en el periodo 2001-2018. Se analizó el género de las autorías en cuatro escenarios: primera firma, última firma, autorías intermedias y mentorizadas. Se realizaron comparaciones por especialidad firmante, financiación recibida, carácter multicéntirico y área temática, entre otras. Se crearon modelos multivariantes ajustados por el porcentaje de médicas colegiadas en el sistema sanitario español para predecir el género femenino de la primera, intermedia y última firma. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 828 publicaciones, donde las mujeres figuraron como primeras autoras en 286 (34,5%) y como últimas en 169 (20,4%). Se observó un incremento gradual de mujeres como primeras autoras (p = 0,0001), pero no como últimas firmantes (p = 0,570). En general, la media de autoras mujeres aumentó con el tiempo (1,6 ± 1,4 en 2001-2005 a 3,3 ± 2,3 en 2016-2018, p = 0,0001), sin apreciarse diferencias en las medias de hombres. Los modelos multivariantes ajustados reflejaron una relación bidireccional positiva entre la primera autoría y las intermedias, y una asociación negativa entre que el primer autor haya sido español con una última autoría femenina (OR 0,57; IC95% 0,36-0,88, p = 0,012). CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron diferencias de género en varios aspectos de las autorías de AB, resumidas en una mayor participación de las mujeres como primeras firmantes e intermedias, pero no como últimas autoras

INTRODUCTION: Gender inequality exists in scientific publications. The aim of this study was to determine changing patterns in gender differences and factors associated with the positioning of authors' names in original articles published in Archivos de Bronconeumología (AB). METHODS: We performed a bibliometric study of articles published in AB between 2001 and 2018. Author gender was analysed in four scenarios: first author, last author, middle authors, and mentee authors. Comparisons were made by authors' specialties, funding received, multicentre studies, specialist areas, and others. Multivariate models adjusted for the percentage of registered physicians in the Spanish health system were created to predict the female gender of the first, middle, and last author. RESULTS: A total of 828 publications were analysed in which women appeared as first authors in 286 (34.5%) and last authors in 169 (20.4%). A gradual increase in women as first authors was observed (P = .0001), but not as last authors (P = .570). Overall, the average number of female authors increased over time (from 1.6 ± 1.4 in 2001-2005 to 3.3 ± 2.3 in 2016-2018, P = .0001), with no differences in male averages. The adjusted multivariate models reflected a positive bi-directional relationship between the first author and the middle authors, and a negative association between the first author being Spanish and the last author being female (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.88, P = .012). CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences were found in various aspects of authorship in AB, summarized by a greater participation of women as first and intermediate authors, but not as last authors

Errare humanum est, ¡pero afortunado error / Errare Humanum Est, Though a Lucky Mistake, Indeed

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Gender Differences in Original Archivos de Bronconeumología Publications, 2001-2018. / Diferencias de género en las publicaciones originales de Archivos de Bronconeumología en el periodo 2001-2018.

INTRODUCTION: Gender inequality exists in scientific publications. The aim of this study was to determine changing patterns in gender differences and factors associated with the positioning of authors' names in original articles published in Archivos de Bronconeumología (AB). METHODS: We performed a bibliometric study of articles published in AB between 2001 and 2018. Author gender was analysed in four scenarios: first author, last author, middle authors, and mentee authors. Comparisons were made by authors' specialties, funding received, multicentre studies, specialist areas, and others. Multivariate models adjusted for the percentage of registered physicians in the Spanish health system were created to predict the female gender of the first, middle, and last author. RESULTS: A total of 828 publications were analysed in which women appeared as first authors in 286 (34.5%) and last authors in 169 (20.4%). A gradual increase in women as first authors was observed (P = .0001), but not as last authors (P = .570). Overall, the average number of female authors increased over time (from 1.6 ± 1.4 in 2001-2005 to 3.3 ± 2.3 in 2016-2018, P = .0001), with no differences in male averages. The adjusted multivariate models reflected a positive bi-directional relationship between the first author and the middle authors, and a negative association between the first author being Spanish and the last author being female (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.88, P = .012). CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences were found in various aspects of authorship in AB, summarized by a greater participation of women as first and intermediate authors, but not as last authors.

Effectiveness and Safety of Bronchial Thermoplasty in Severe Asthma in Clinical Practice in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a minimally invasive procedure consisting of application of thermal energy into the airways to produce ablation of the hypertrophic smooth muscle. It was approved for use in moderate-severe asthma in Spain in 2010. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study are to analyze the effectiveness and the safety of BT in clinical practice in our center. METHODS: Participants had a confirmed diagnosis of severe asthma and poor control without therapeutic alternative. Effectiveness was measured by comparing exacerbations, admissions rates, asthma control, and medication 1 year prior and 1 year after BT was completed. All complications appearing during the procedure and in the first year were recorded. RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 51 (SD 8) years and were predominantly female (17/23). The average number of activations per patient was 147 (16). The number of severe exacerbations was reduced by 75% (p < 0.001). A 38% reduction in admissions per year was also observed (p = 0.03). The Asthma Control Test improved by 7.1 (3.7) points (p = 0.018). Before BT, the dose of inhaled corticosteroids was 1,621 (1,015) µg of budesonide-equivalent and the dose of oral corticosteroids was 15 (13) mg of prednisone-equivalent. There was a reduction in 430 (731) µg of budesonide-equivalent (p = 0.02) and 4 (11) mg of prednisone (p = 0.094). No changes in lung function were observed. Complications were related mostly to exacerbation of asthma in the days following the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: BT is effective and safe for severe uncontrolled bronchial asthma in real clinical practice.

Síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño / Sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome

El síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño es un trastorno médico infradiagnosticado con una importancia creciente. Se asocia a enfermedades cardiovasculares, cerebrovasculares, hipertensión arterial, resistencia a insulina y accidentes de tráfico, con el consiguiente deterioro de calidad de vida y aumento de mortalidad. Los síntomas más característicos son ronquido, apneas presenciadas y excesiva somnolencia diurna. La polisomnografía es la prueba de referencia para el diagnóstico, aunque en los pacientes con una alta probabilidad pretest se debería optar por la poligrafía respiratoria, una prueba más accesible y menos costosa. Aparte de la realización de medidas higiénico-dietéticas, el tratamiento de elección es la presión positiva continua de la vía aérea. Algunas técnicas quirúrgicas pueden tener utilidad en el tratamiento del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño. En pacientes que no toleran la presión positiva continua de la vía aérea, no son candidatos a cirugía o tienen un riesgo quirúrgico elevado, se podrían utilizar dispositivos intraorales (AU)

Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is an underdiagnosed medical condition which is gainingin importance. It is associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, insulin resistance and traffic accidents, resulting in deterioration of quality of life and increased mortality in these patients. The most characteristic symptoms of the disease are snoring, documented apnoeas and excessive daytime sleepiness. Polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosis, but in patients with high pre-test probability, we should opt for respiratory polygraphy, a more accessible and less expensive test. Besides making lifestyle changes, the treatment of choice is continuous positive airway pressure. Some surgical techniques may be useful in the treatment of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. In patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure, are not candidates for surgery or have a high surgical risk intraoral devices might be used (AU)

[Sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome]. / Síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño.

Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is an underdiagnosed medical condition which is gainingin importance. It is associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, insulin resistance and traffic accidents, resulting in deterioration of quality of life and increased mortality in these patients. The most characteristic symptoms of the disease are snoring, documented apnoeas and excessive daytime sleepiness. Polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosis, but in patients with high pre-test probability, we should opt for respiratory polygraphy, a more accessible and less expensive test. Besides making lifestyle changes, the treatment of choice is continuous positive airway pressure. Some surgical techniques may be useful in the treatment of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. In patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure, are not candidates for surgery or have a high surgical risk intraoral devices might be used.

Relación entre los comentarios acerca del peso corporal y la autopercepción morfológica en adolescentes de ciertos colegios de Lima: un estudio piloto / Relationship between comments about body weight and self-perception in adolescents morphological certain schools in Lima: a pilot study

Dada la gran relación documentada entre la satisfacción corporal y los comportamientos relacionados a este (llámese bulimia, anorexia dentro de los más alarmantes) y la influencia que existe cuando recibimos algún comentario con respecto al peso; nos pareció importante examinar el efecto de los comentarios acerca del peso corporal y la prevalencia de una autopercepción equivocada en alumnos que cursen secundaria debido a ser un grupo etáreo susceptible, para ello encuestamos a 96 alumnos de la INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA "JOSE MARIA ARGUEDAS", y los resultados fueron: 81.25 por ciento recibieron comentarios sobre su peso, el más frecuente fue estas gordo/a 33.33 por ciento y el lugar más frecuente donde recibieron estos comentarios fue en la escuela 38.09 por ciento, prevaleciendo los comentarios negativos 60 por ciento, y provenían principalmente de amigos/as 26.22 por ciento, concluyendo que la gran parte de los alumnos si recibieron comentarios sobre su imagen corporal. Al encuestarlos se observa que la mayoría de alumnos no están satisfechos con su imagen corporal (69 por ciento) y un porcentaje aún mayor (72 por ciento) tiene una autopercepción distorsionada de sí mismos. Esto podría indicar que la autopercepción morfológica en adolescentes si se encontraría afectada por los comentarios recibidos. Estudios más complejos y con mayor tamaño muestral son necesarios para poder definir una relación clara entre los comentarios recibidos por los adolescentes y su influencia en la autopercepción

Given the great link documented between the corporal satisfaction and the behaviors related to this one (bulimia and anorexia being the most common) and the influence that exists when we receive a comment about weight; it seemed important to us, to examine the effect of the comments and the corporal weight; also the prevalence of a mistaken autoperception in high school students due to be a high risk group. For it we poli 96 students of the EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "JOSE MARIA ARGUEDAS ". and the results were: 81.25 per cent received comments about their weight, the most frequent was "You are fat" with 33.33 per cent and the most frequent place where they received these comments was the school representing a 38.09 per cent, prevailing the negative commentaries with 60 per cent, and the person who did most of the comments was a female friend 26.22 per cent, concluding that most of the students received comments about their body shape. With the questionairs we observe that most of them are not satisfied with their body image (69 per cent) and a bigger percentage (72 per cent) have a distortion of autoperception. This could implied that autoperception in adolescents is indeed modified by the comments received about their body image. More studies are needed to prove a clear relationship between the comments received and the autoperception in adolescents