RESUMO
Abstract Many intervention programs are conducted in different countries in order to promote social and emotional learning. Nevertheless, the number of instruments to evaluate these competencies is still low, and core social and emotional competencies are rarely included in a single questionnaire and measured as a single construct. Thus, this study was conducted to design and validate the Social and Emotional Competencies Questionnaire. This instrumental study was conducted with 643 university students and a representative sample of 2,139 adolescents. The results show that the questionnaire has good psychometric properties and includes four components: self-awareness, self-management and motivation, social-awareness and prosocial behavior, and decision-making. These competencies are positively related to perceived emotional intelligence and negatively related to alexithymia. This questionnaire can be useful in evaluating social and emotional competencies in different settings. It can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of social and emotional learning programs.
Resumen En diferentes países se llevan a cabo numerosos programas de intervención para promover el aprendizaje socio-emocional. Sin embargo, las principales competencias sociales y emocionales raramente se incluyen en un solo cuestionario o se miden como un único constructo. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar el Cuestionario de Competencias Socio-Emocionales. Este estudio instrumental se realizó con 643 estudiantes universitarios y con una muestra representativa de 2139 adolescentes. Los resultados mostraron que el cuestionario tiene muy buenas propiedades psicométricas e incluye cuatro componentes: autoconciencia, autogestión, conciencia social y conducta prosocial, y toma de decisiones. Estas competencias están relacionadas positivamente con la inteligencia emocional percibida y negativamente con la alexitimia. Este cuestionario puede ser útil para evaluar las competencias socio-emocionales en diferentes contextos. También puede usarse para evaluar la efectividad de los programas de aprendizaje socio-emocional.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Habilidades Sociais , Condicionamento Operante , Emoções , AltruísmoRESUMO
The main objective of this study was to determine the level of burnout among education professionals working with people with disabilities in Córdoba, Spain and the association between these levels and sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, and level of education). DESIGN: descriptive, cross-sectional study to determine prevalence. POPULATION: 157 professionals. Evaluation tools: questionnaire to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Statistical tests: Pearson's bivariate correlation, the Student's t-test, Levene's test, single factor ANOVA, and the post hoc multiple comparison test (Bonferroni). The findings of this study confirm the variety of variables that influence burnout and its dimensions. The study shows the incidence of burnout according to the sex, age, marital status, and level of education of the professionals who participated in this research. Based on an exhaustive scientific literature review on the topic and considering the findings of this study, there is an irrefutable need for further research into burnout among professionals who work with people with disabilities. It is hoped that the findings obtained by this study will help in the elaboration of future initiatives directed at the detection, early care, and reduction of this syndrome among this group.
Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Pessoas com Deficiência , Educação Inclusiva , Docentes , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sociológicos , EspanhaRESUMO
Resumen El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación es describir el nivel de Burnout o “Síndrome de Quemado por el Trabajo” en los profesionales de la educación que trabajan con personas con discapacidad en Córdoba (España), y la relación con sus características sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, estado civil y nivel de estudios). Diseño: estudio de prevalencia, descriptivo y transversal. Población: 157 profesionales. Instrumento de evaluación: un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el cuestionario MBI. Pruebas estadísticas: Pearson, T- Student, Levene, Anova de un factor y comparaciones múltiples Post Hoc (Bonferroni). Los resultados de esta investigación avalan la diversidad de variables que influyen en el Burnout y en sus dimensiones. Concretamente se ha demostrado la incidencia del sexo, la edad, el estado civil y el nivel de estudios de los profesionales encuestados. Tras una exhaustiva revisión científica sobre el tema, y considerando los resultados obtenidos, se hace fehaciente la necesidad de continuar investigando el Burnout en este colectivo profesional. Se espera que lo resultados obtenidos ayuden en la elaboración de futuras propuestas de detección, atención temprana y reducción de este síndrome en este colectivo profesional.
Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the level of burnout among education professionals working with people with disabilities in Córdoba, Spain and the association between these levels and sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, and level of education). Design: descriptive, cross-sectional study to determine prevalence. Population: 157 professionals. Evaluation tools: questionnaire to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Statistical tests: Pearson’s bivariate correlation, the Student’s t-test, Levene’s test, single factor ANOVA, and the post hoc multiple comparison test (Bonferroni). The findings of this study confirm the variety of variables that influence burnout and its dimensions. The study shows the incidence of burnout according to the sex, age, marital status, and level of education of the professionals who participated in this research. Based on an exhaustive scientific literature review on the topic and considering the findings of this study, there is an irrefutable need for further research into burnout among professionals who work with people with disabilities. It is hoped that the findings obtained by this study will help in the elaboration of future initiatives directed at the detection, early care, and reduction of this syndrome among this group.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Pessoas com Deficiência , Educação Inclusiva , Docentes , Espanha , Demografia , Estudos Transversais , Fatores SociológicosRESUMO
The current economic crisis started in the USA between 2007 and 2008, and its causes are still being discussed. Although there are many theoretical proposals that analyze the causes and possible solutions to this situation, the number of empirical research is still very scarce. The objective consisted of collecting and analyzing the opinion of the world scientific community on the causes and possible solutions to the crisis. 1770 scientists answered a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose. Results show that the causes of the economic crisis depended on the management inside and outside the financial institutions. The highest percentage of participants was in agreement with a solution that promotes private initiative but also with governmental help and control.
La actual crisis económica iniciada en los EEUU entre 2007 y 2008, y sus causas todavía se están discutiendo. Aunque hay muchas propuestas teóricas que analizan las causas y posibles soluciones a esta situación, el número de investigaciones empíricas aún es escaso. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en recoger y analizar la opinión de la comunidad científica mundial sobre las causas y posibles soluciones a la crisis. 1770 científicos respondieron un cuestionario específicamente diseñado para este propósito. Los resultados muestran que las causas de la crisis económica dependieron de la gestión interna y externa de las instituciones financieras. El porcentaje más alto de participantes está de acuerdo con una solución que promueva la iniciativa privada, pero con control y ayuda de los gobiernos.
Assuntos
Sociedades Científicas , EconomiaRESUMO
En España, en los últimos años, se han experimentado múltiples cambios en la prevención y la atención de las personas con discapacidad, en particular en lo que se refiere a las personas sordas. La interpretación de la sordera no sólo como deficiencia auditiva, sino como una diferencia comunicativa, está llevando a la disposición de contextos educativos con carácter bilingüe y bicultural. Esta nueva perspectiva conceptual y la consecuente orientación de las prácticas escolares tienen un impacto positivo en los campos de la salud, la educación y el ámbito social, fomentando el desarrollo tanto del alumnado sordo, como del alumnado oyente. En este artículo se expone la situación del contexto español en este campo, y ha servido de base para la realización de un proyecto transnacional europeo.
In Spain and in recent years, multiple changes have been experimented in the prevention and care of people with disabilities, particularly in what concerns to deaf people. The interpretation of deafness not only as hearing impairment, but as a communicative difference is causing the provision of educational contexts with bilingual and bicultural characteristics. This new conceptual perspective and the consequent orientation of school practices have positive impact in the fields of health, education and social development, encouraging the development of both deaf as listener students. This article explains the situation of the Spanish context on this field and it has provided the basis for the accomplishment of a European transnational project.