[Tonsillectomy as a routine treatment in cases of branchiogenic cancer]. / Tonsilektomia jako postepowanie rutynowe w przypadkach raka torbieli bocznej szyi.

The pathogenesis of the branchiogenic cancer is still unknown. A number of authors think that it is a metastasis in the form of a cyst from a primary focus in the pharynx most often located in the palatal tonsil. Hence a conclusion is put forward to perform a tonsillectomy even when a tonsil is not clinically changed. The author presents a medical record of a patient with plano-epithelial carcinoma of a cyst from a primary focus in the pharynx most often located in the palatal tonsil. Hence a conclusion is put forward to perform a tonsillectomy even when a tonsil is not clinically changed. The author presents a medical record of a patient with plano-epithelial carcinoma of a lateral cervical cyst. It developed in the epithelium, sub-epithelium and in the palatal tonsil. The tonsillectomy was performed in spite of the clinically unchanged. This case indicates that cancer can develop simultaneously in the cyst wall and in the tonsil. The presence of the wall architecture elements typical of a lateral cervical cyst and the duct connecting the cyst with the wall of the pharynx indicates that it wasn't a metastasis from the focus in tha tonsil. The development of both these focuses could have resulted from the spreading of a lesion through continuity in the ascending way (a cyst-a tonsil) or through the descending way (a tonsil-a cyst). The author suggests that a branchiogenic cancer is an indication for a routine prophylactic ipsilateral tonsillectomy and neck dissection together with consecutive irradiation.

Comparison of biological properties of A(H1N1) influenza virus strains isolated in 1947 and during the epidemic of 1977.

A comparative analysis of biological properties of A(H1N1) influenza virus strains isolated in 1977 and the prototypic strain isolated in 1947 was performed. The strains showed marked differences in the vivo and in vitro replication as well as in the sensitivity to inhibitors of normal animal sera and to interferon. Also, their neuraminidases displayed different sensitivity to detergents. On the other hand, the strains did not differ significantly with respect to ability for interferon induction in vivo and hemagglutinin sensitivity to detergents.

Protective effect of different mouse interferons in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis (EMC).

Antiviral activity of various preparations of mouse interferons (Mu-IFN) administered prophylactically by the intranasal route 4 h before intranasal infection of mice with EMC virus was studied. In spite of the same activity of Mu-IFN preparations in vitro, their antiviral effect in vivo displayed differences. The "alveolar" Mu-IFN induced with NDV obtained in the upper respiratory tract, appeared to be the most effective interferon preparation in the prophylaxis of viral infection in mice. Several-fold intranasal administration of "alveolar" interferon at 4-day intervals markedly increased the survival of animals intranasally infected with EMC.

The effect of experimental infection of mice with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus on interferon production by alveolar and peritoneal cells in vitro.

After infection of mice with EMC virus, dose-dependent increase or decrease of the synthesis of in vitro Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-induced interferon was observed in alveolar and peritoneal cells. It was shown that peritoneal cells from mice with mild course of the infection (infecting dose 0.2-1.0 LD50 per mouse) produce interferon in vitro on the same level as the control cells. Alveolar cells isolated from the same mice shortly after infection exhibited increased interferon production in vitro as compared with the analogous cells isolated from the non-infected mice. Acute, EMC-induced infection in mice (infecting dose 5.0 LD50 per mouse) caused suppression of interferon synthesis in vitro by both peritoneal and alveolar cells, which intensified together with the progression of the disease.

Interferon and humoral immune response in experimental influenza: infection with A/PR8 virus adapted to the mouse.

Inbred 129/Ao/Boy mice were infected with various doses of AO/PR8/HONI influenza virus. Replication of virus, synthesis of endogenous interferon and antibodies were measured. The infected mice were the source of alveolar and peritoneal cells which were used for the in vitro induction of interferon with Newcastle Disease virus (NDV). It has been found that the level of interferon detected in the tracheo-bronchial washings parallels the titer of virus in the lung. At the lethal doses of the virus interferon appeared earlier but its titer also declined faster than in mice infected with sublethal doses of influenza virus. The peritoneal and alveolar cells from the mice infected with the lethal doses of influenza virus produced less interferon after the induction with NDV than the cells from uninfected mice. In contrast, the alveolar cells from mice infected with sublethal doses of A/PR8 virus produced more interferon than the control cells.

Antigenic structure and biological characteristics of influenza strains isolated in the USSR during the 1974/75 epidemic.

Antigenic analysis of strains isolated in the USSR during the epidemic in 1974/1975 showed differences in the hemagglutination inhibition test and in neuramidase activity with antisera against three reference strains. Strains isolated in a later period of the epidemic were classified into subgroup A/Port Chalmers/1/73. Nearly all strains were effective inducers of interferon and were susceptible to this inhibitor of virus replication.

Rat interferons. VI. Heterologous interferon in the treatment of viral infections.

In previous studies in vitro we demonstrated the protection of mouse cells against viral infections by rat interferon. In continuation, the present paper reports results of a study designed to confirm this heterospecific activity of rat interferon in vivo. Experiments were carried out with mice of the inbred 129/AoBoy strain, inoculated intranasally or intraperitoneally with EMC-strain Col MM, VSV and influenza A 055/74 viruses, and treated with mouse or rat interferon administered by the same routes as infection. Both interferons exhibited protective action. The therapeutic effect of the mouse and rat interferons was dependent on the infecting dose of the viruses. Rat interferon proved more effective in the treatment of mice infected intraperitoneally than mice infected intranasally.

Heterospecific activity of rat interferon.

In the experiments performed in vitro and in vivo it has been found that the rat and rat embryo fibroblasts cultured in vitro after the induction with virus produce interferon which displays the antiviral activity not only in the homologous cells but also in the heterologous ones. When analysed by chromatography on Sephadex G-100 it was shown that the rat serum contains two interferon populations differing in the molecular weight and both active in the homologous and heterologous cells. The interferon with the heterospecific activity has been used in the experimental therapy of mice infected with Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EMC), Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) and Influenza Virus, and was found to be effective.

Rat interferons. Homologous and heterologus rat serum activity.

Serum proteins from normal rat serum and induced with Sindbis virus were separated on Sephadex G-100. Interferon activity was studied in a system of homologous REC and heterologous LG cells. Proteins of normal serum as well as induced serum emerged in two peaks separated by a deep saddle. Four hours after induction, the serum gave two peaks with similar interferon activity in both cell systems. After 8-hour induction, two interferons were also obtained, but activity in the heterologous system was much lower than in the homologous system. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and on paper showed that interferon activity is connected mainly with the alpha1-globulin fraction.

Rat interferons. IV. Sialoproteins in rat serum.

Introduction of virus as inductor of interferon into rats caused a decline in serum levels of sialic acid in blood taken at the time of maximum interferon activity. Differences in the acute phase proteins were dependent on the type of virus used for induction. NDV injected intravenously did not lower serum levels of seromucoid, but given together with DMSO markedly depressed the content of this protein in the serum. Stimulation of interferon production by Sindbis virus was accompanied by a significant rise in levels of seromucoid. The same virus given together with DMSO had no effect on protein level, which remained normal, but lowered the content of sialic acid in proteins.

The influence of immunization on the production of interferon in vivo and in vitro.

The present study was undertaken to compare the production of interferon by immunized mice in response to different viral inducers. Porton mice were immunized with NDV or A/Wr11/57 virus by injecting 6-week-old animals with virus on days 1, 7, and 14. The interferon response was investigated 3 weeks later. Compared with controls, the A-immunized mice after stimulation in vivo, produced more interferon when NDV was used as inducer. It was shown in sera as well as in washings of peritoneal cells. In experiments in vitro induction of interferon with NDV or A/Wr11/57 virus in macrophages of immunized mice resulted in significant rise in interferon levels. These results are in agreement with earlier investigation of others and support the role of immune recognition in the interferon response.

Rat interferons. III. Antiviral activity and effect of "priming" on interferon production in homologous and heterologous cell lines.

Studies on interferon from rat serum sensitive to pH 2-0 showed the following: 1) Its action is stronger in cultures of heterologous L cells than in rat fibroblast cultures. 2) Resistance acquired under the influence of interferon lasts longer in a heterologous than in a homologous system. 3) Actinomycin D added to cultures after 4 hours of contact with interferon inhibits its activity in L cells, and potentiates its activity in RE cells. 4) In rat embryonic cells treated with interferon, interferon production following induction with ND virus is blocked. Similar blocking was observed in cultures of L cells after 24-hour priming; after 6 hours of exposure of L cells to rat interferon, on the other hand, production of interferon was enhanced.