Influence of age on acute traumatic spinal cord injury in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate influence of age after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). SETTING: 13 specialized hospitals with neurosurgical departments of Saint Petersburg, Russia. METHODS: Charts of all patients admitted with TSCI to the city hospitals 2012-2016. Demographic and clinical characteristics, surgical interventions, complications, mortality rate, and hospital stays were recorded. RESULTS: 311 patients with TSCI were included. TSCI was more common in younger age. Mean age (SD) was 42.4 (16.8) years. Patients were divided into four age groups: 18-29, 30-44, 45-59 and ≥60 years. The group ≥60 years had the lowest percentage of concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI), 25%, versus 43% in TSCI < 60 years, p < 0.05. Low falls were the most frequent cause in patients aged 60 years and older, and led to less severe neurological deficits (p < 0.05). Complications were most frequent in motor complete TSCI (AIS A and AIS B) and in persons with combined TSCI and TBI at older age. Total complication rate was 67% at the age of ≥60 years versus 38% <60 years in TSCI with TBI (p < 0.05). Respiratory complications occurred in 67% ≥45 years versus 45% <45 years, p < 0.05. In-hospital mortality rate after TSCI was higher in the oldest age group. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory complications are common and the in-hospital mortality is higher among elderly people. Older patients with TSCI and TBI are at high risk for complications.

Complications and mortality after acute traumatic spinal cord injury in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES: We studied complications during early rehabilitation and their relation to length of stay (LOS) in the hospital as well as to survival in people with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). SETTING: All specialized hospitals of Saint Petersburg. METHODS: We analysed all charts of patients admitted with acute TSCI to the city hospitals, 2012-2016. Patient characteristics, complications, time and cause of death, and LOS were recorded. Mean values with standard deviations and t-tests were used. We analysed mortality rate using the Kaplan-Meier method and calculated relative risks (RRs). RESULTS: A total of 311 patients with TSCI were included. Complications occurred in 34% of patients; most were respiratory complications and pressure ulcers. Complications occurred more often in those with concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) (RR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.8). All complications prolonged LOS (median, 11 days) and increased mortality in the acute phase (p < 0.001). In the early phase, 15% died, with a median time to death of 13 days. Respiratory complications markedly increased the death rate (RR = 18, 95% CI: 15-22). Mortality rate correlated also with age, TSCI severity and level, and concomitant TBI. Alcohol/drug consumption before TSCI increased the likelihood for complications (RR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.1) and mortality (RR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.6-3.1). CONCLUSION: Focus on prevention as well as early and optimal treatment of complications, together with no or low alcohol/drug consumption may reduce mortality in the early phase after TSCI and at the same time shorten LOS.

Incidence of adult traumatic spinal cord injury in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective population-based cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To characterise the epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) among the inhabitants of Saint Petersburg, Russia. SETTING: All hospitals in Saint Petersburg. METHODS: Charts for all individuals admitted to city hospitals from 1st January 1 2012 to 31st December 2016 with acute TSCI were reviewed. Incidence rates were calculated for the whole period and for each year separately. Gender-specific and age-specific incidence rates were calculated, and epidemiological characteristics and possible risk factors were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 361 people were identified. The average annual incidence rate was 17.6 per million, varying from 21.2 (2013) to 13.6 (2016), and 70.9% were men. Mean age at injury was 42.1 years. Injuries from falls represented 49.8% of cases, and motor vehicle accidents 18.9%. The male:female ratio in the low-falls group was 1.2:1, and among the elderly patients, it was 0.5:1. Lesions at the cervical level were involved in 49.3%, thoracic in 24.7%, and lumbar/sacral in 23.5%. TSCI was complete in 16.9%. Concomitant injuries occurred in 47.2% of cases, and traumatic brain injuries in 37.7%. CONCLUSION: TSCI incidence decreased during the observation period and was 2.4 times more common among men than women. In half of the cases, injuries involved the cervical level, and a fall was the most frequent injury cause. Elderly women more often had falls from a low height than men. Multiple injuries-most frequently traumatic brain injuries-were common.