[Mechanism of formation and morphological features of a gunshot injury to the chest and abdomen arising from the use of body armor]. / Mekhanizm obrazovaniya i morfologicheskie osobennosti ognestrel'noi travmy grudi i zhivota, voznikayushchei pri ispol'zovanii bronezhileta.

The features of a gunshot injury arising in the presence of body armor on the injured person are considered. The purpose of the work is to reveal the mechanisms of damage formation during non-penetration of an armored composition, during its penetration, as well as during external or internal rebound. The characteristic of damages arising with this is given. It was shown that injuries due to non-penetration of body armor are characterized mainly by local closed injuries, not only of integumentary soft tissues, but also of internal organs in the projection of impact of a wounding projectile. With through penetration of body armor, the severity and volume of gunshot damage increase due to the introduction of fragments of bullets, fragments of armored panels and pieces of equipment into the wound channel. Rebounding of elements of dismantled bullets from the outer or inner surface of the body armor can cause severe gunshot damage to both the wearer of body armor and other persons. Knowledge of the mechanisms of formation and morphological features of injuries that occur when using body armor are prerequisites for a full forensic medical assessment of the investigated incident.

[Scientist-hygienist, teacher and public figure (to the 100th anniversary of birthday of professor Koshelev N F].

Koshelev N.F. made a significant contribution to the development of general and military hygiene. Under his leadership at the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy were actively conducted researchers in the field of general hygiene, hygiene, military labour, water, food and sanitation support for the troops formed a new way of hygienic structure understanding, its goals, methods, object and subject of study. Koshelev N.F. developed provisions oJ methodological basics, structure and algorithm of hygienic diagnostics. He also defined basic principles of the universal theory of hygienic regulation and developed its structure, made a number of other original theoretical positions. Koshelev N.F. created a scientific, school, continues the best traditions of domestic hygiene.

[Hygienic aspects of development and testing of individual military armour].

Hygienic aspects of development and testing of individual military armour. The article is devoted to scientific substantiation of proposals aimed at improving certain physical and hygienic properties of the personal body armour (PBA) and their test methods. The authors performed an analysis of the development of domestic and foreign PBA production. Analysed and described construction, ergonomic and medical-and-technical characteristics of PBA. The role of the study of hygienic, mechanical and ergonomic indicators in assessing the dynamics of the vector and the further development of PBA is presented. Substantiated proposals for their improvement.

[Impulse noise at shooting from small arms and close combat weapon as the factor of military work].

The high-intensity impulse noise which is basic source in Armed forces are the firearms, has an adverse effect on professional soldiers, leading to decrease of professional working capacity and health deterioration. Due to influence of this factor the considerable part of military men has a hearing impairment and other diseases, including an arterial hypertension. The basic directions of protection of men from impulse noise are: perfection of hygienic rationing, optimization of the using of antinoise earphones, development of new generation of means of individual defense from noise.

[Peculiarities of ballistic wounds of maxillo-facial area inflicted by modern ballistic weapon].

The article presents data of a comparative investigation of volume of ballistic damages of maxillo-facial area, given by different ballistic weapon (from usual PM to newest GSh-18). The article says that was set up a large volume of damages of sort and bone tissues of maxillo-facial area, given by bullet of cartridge of GSh-18 in all searched parameters. All materials, received in investigation, could be used in science substantiation and in elaboration of recommendations in planning of structure of sanitarium casualty, methods of investigations, surgical treatment and rehabilitation of wounded with damages, given by modern ballistic weapon.

[Search for optimal combinations of the hygienic and protective characteristics of body armors].

The protective composition of a body armor is generally characterized by two major parameters--the area and level of protection, i.e. resistance to bullets and fragments. These characteristics directly depend on the mass of a body armor and the sizes of the body's screening. The positive protective characteristics simultaneously have a negative impact on the most important hygienic indices of a body armor, such as convenience and easiness-to-use. The optimum combination of protective and performance characteristics of body armors makes a compromise between their mass and the level of protection.

[To the hygienic standardization of the stroke of shock elements through the armored clothes].

The author considers major criteria for assessing the armored clothes by the armored dynamic force in the impenetrability of shocking elements. The used material simulators and the methods of studies are critically analyzed. The analysis has led to the conclusion that deformity depth of human soft tissue stimulators (clay, plasticine, gelatin blocks), used to evaluate the quality of armored clothes) may not be an indicator for the hygienic standardization of the stroke of shock elements through a barrier if the time of interaction is not taken into account.