RESUMO
The innate immune system is the first to respond to invading pathogens. It is responsible for invader recognition, immune-cell recruitment, adaptive-immunity activation, and regulation of inflammation intensity. Previously, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of innate-immunity genes - rs5743708 (Arg753Gln) of the TLR2 gene and rs8177374 (Ser180Leu) of the TIRAP gene - have been shown to be associated with both pneumonia and tuberculosis in humans, but the data are contradictory among different ethnic groups. It has also been reported that rs10902158 at the PKP3-SIGGIR-TMEM16J genetic locus belongs to a haplotype race-specifically associated with tuberculosis. Meanwhile, a gradient of its frequency is observed in Asia. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of selection for the genotypes of the above-mentioned SNPs on the gene pools of populations living in harsh climatic conditions that contribute to the development of infectious lung diseases. We estimated the prevalence of these variants in white and Asian (Chukchis and Yakuts) population samples from Northern Asia and among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Carriage of the rs5743708 A allele was found to predispose to severe CAP (odds ratio 2.77, p = 0.021), whereas the GG/CT genotype of rs5743708/rs8177374 proved to be protective against it (odds ratio 0.478, p = 0.022) in white patients. No association of rs10902158 with CAP (total or severe) was found among whites. Stratification of CAP by causative pathogen may help eliminate the current discrepancies between different studies. No significant difference in rs5743708 or rs8177374 was found between adolescent and long-lived white samples. Carriage of the alleles studied is probably not associated with predisposition to longevity among whites in Siberia. Both white and Asian populations studied were different from Western European and East Asian populations in the variants' prevalence. The frequency of the rs8177374 T (Ser180Leu) variant was significantly higher in the Chukchi sample (p = 0, χ2 = 63.22) relative to the East Asian populations. This result may confirm the hypothesis about the selection of this allele in the course of human migration into areas with unfavorable climatic conditions.
RESUMO
The purpose of development of this clinical practice guidelines was to provide evidence-based protocols that help the practitioner and the patient make the right decision for the health assessment, treatment and prevention of pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis is the interstitial lung disease of occupational origin caused by prolonged inhalation of inorganic dust, characterized by chronic diffuse aseptic inflammation in lung tissue with the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, thereare no treatment that provide a cure pulmonary fibrosis and changes in the dynamics of decline in lung function. Regular, individually tailored treatment should be directed to the pathogenic mechanisms and some clinical symptoms of pneumoconiosis, as well as the prevention of complications. To enhance the effect of pharmacotherapy is recommended to use non-drug therapies that enhance the functionality of the respiratory system.
Assuntos
Doenças Profissionais , Pneumoconiose , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Humanos , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Doenças Profissionais/terapia , Pneumoconiose/diagnóstico , Pneumoconiose/prevenção & controle , Pneumoconiose/terapia , Federação RussaRESUMO
The authors analyzed work conditions and health state of workers engaged into construction industry in Kemerovo city. Findings are that complex approach to carrying out the strategy "Health for all in XXI century" causes health preservation.
Assuntos
Indústrias , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/métodos , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/organização & administração , Saúde Ocupacional , Local de Trabalho/normas , Humanos , Prontuários Médicos , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/normas , SibériaRESUMO
The authors analyzed work conditions and health of workers in oil-extracting industry of Novosibirsk region. Findings are that work safety system based on workplace certification concerning work conditions and on occupational safety activities certification is the most important component in primary prevention of occupational hazardous effects on life and health of workers during the occupational activities.
Assuntos
Indústrias Extrativas e de Processamento , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/métodos , Saúde Ocupacional , Local de Trabalho/normas , Humanos , Prontuários Médicos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/normas , Estudos Retrospectivos , SibériaRESUMO
The article covers results of clinical and roentgenologic data analysis. The data were obtained in the study that covered 447 pneumoconiosis patients, 75 of which were subjected to high resolution CT. If compared to chest X-ray, high resolution CT helps more precise forecast of further course in pneumoconiosis.
Assuntos
Pulmão/patologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Pneumoconiose/diagnóstico , Calcinose , Carbono/efeitos adversos , Minas de Carvão , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Pneumoconiose/epidemiologia , Pneumoconiose/etiologia , Pneumoconiose/fisiopatologia , Pneumonia , Prognóstico , Enfisema Pulmonar , Dióxido de Silício/efeitos adversos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , SoldagemRESUMO
The authors studied innovative approaches in postgraduate training of occupational therapy specialists. Findings are that combination of technologic and research approaches provides guaranteed prevailing and development of creativity.
Assuntos
Educação Profissional em Saúde Pública , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Medicina do Trabalho/educação , Pesquisa Biomédica , Tecnologia Biomédica , Competência Clínica , Educação Profissional em Saúde Pública/métodos , Educação Profissional em Saúde Pública/tendências , Humanos , Conhecimento , Doenças Profissionais/terapia , Federação RussaRESUMO
The article covers analysis of work conditions and occupational diseases in diamond mining industry of Far North. Safe length of sevice under exposure to noise is set. The authors specified recommendations on primary and secondary prophylaxis of occupational diseases in workers.
Assuntos
Clima Frio , Perda Auditiva/prevenção & controle , Ruído Ocupacional , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Local de Trabalho/normas , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Humanos , Ruído Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Ruído Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/organização & administração , SibériaRESUMO
The article deals with analysis of clinical and rentgenologic changes in various pneumoconiosis types over 1960 to 2007 in Novosibirsk region. Findings are that analogous plain film fails to diagnose pulmonary pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconioses associated with "minimal" dust invasions in 10-15% of cases are not revealed by plain films.
Assuntos
Aerossóis/efeitos adversos , Poeira/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/tendências , Pneumoconiose/reabilitação , Radiografia Torácica/normas , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Exposição Ocupacional , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/normas , Pneumoconiose/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumoconiose/epidemiologia , Radiografia Torácica/tendências , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sibéria/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The authors demonstrated efficiency of aerosol therapy using "Dovolenskaya" mineral water in treating patients with occupational pulmonary diseases. Results are improved bronchial drainage, normal pro- and antioxidant status, lower inflammatory activity in patients with pneumoconiosis and occupational dust bronchitis.