Contrôle qualité et étude de comprimabilité des poudres de feuille de Moringa oleifera (lam) et de pulpe du fruit de Adansonia digitata

Moringa oleifera (LAM), arbre tropical à usages multiples, constitue de nos jours une nouvelle ressource alimentaire et économique pour les pays du Sud. Ces feuilles sont faciles d'accès et très riches en protéines, en vitamines et en minéraux. Elles sont de plus en plus utilisées dans des projets luttant contre la malnutrition. Cependant, le goût, la présentation et la qualité de ces produits demeurent une préoccupation majeure nécessitant des adaptations innovantes. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier la comprimabilité des poudres de feuilles de Moringa oleifera en améliorant le goût avec des matières premières locales et facilement accessibles comme la poudre de pulpe de Andansonia digitata. Les propriétés physico-chimiques et les tests pharmacotechniques ont permis de contrôler la qualité des poudres, des comprimés et orienter le choix du procédé de fabrication. Cinq (5) types de formulations (F1 à F5) ont été réalisés et les comprimés ont été fabriqués par compression après granulation par la voie sèche. Les comprimés des formulations F4 et F5 ont donné de meilleures propriétés pharmacotechniques selon les recommandations de la pharmacopée Européenne 6.0. L'association des deux poudres offre une alternative pour la fabrication de comprimés à croquer avec un goût acceptable

Dichloromethane-methanol extract from Borassus aethiopumn mart. (Arecaceae) induces apoptosis of human colon cancer HT-29 cells.

Borassus aetihiopum MART (Arecaceae) is a plant used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases (bronchitis, laryngitis, antiseptic). In particular, their male inflorcscences were reported to exhibit cicatrizing, antiseptic and fungicidal properties. In the present study, the biological activity of E2F2, an apolar extract from Borassus aethiopum male inflorescence was investigated on colon cancer HT29 cells. Phytochemical screening was carried according to methodology for chemical analysis for vegetable drugs. Cells proliferation was determined by the MTT assay and cells cycle distribution was analysed by using laser flow cytometer (Beckman coulter). The cytoskeleton organisation was examined under a laser scanning confocal microscope (Zess). Preliminary phytochemical analysis of E2F2 extract revealed the presence of sterols, triterpenes and saponosids. E2F2 extract (1 microg and 100 microg mL(-1)) significantly inhibited cell proliferation by blocking cell population in G0/G1 phase. Flow Cytometric analysis of E2F2-treated HT29 cells showed that hypoploïd cell population (sub G1 phase) increased with processing time exposures. Immunofluorescence confocal analysis revealed a disrupt actin microfilaments network in E2F2 treated-cells with a significant reduction in actin stress fibres and appearance of a random, non-oriented distribution of focal adhesion sites. These data indicate that E2F2 extract has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities. Further studies are required to unravel the mechanisms of action of E2F2 extract.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Combretum nioroense Aubrév. ex Keay (Combretaceae).

In this study, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of acetone extract, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and n-hexane fractions of acetone extract from leaves of Combretum nioroense Aubrév. ex Keay were investigated. The total phenolics and total flavonoids contents in the fractions and acetone extract were determined by spectrophotometric methods using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3, respectively. Two methods were adopted to assess the antioxidant activities: the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and the radical scavenging activity of 2, 2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation (ABTS). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the extract and fractions against pathogenic bacteria (4) and serotyped bacteria (4) from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were also determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The results showed that the butanol fraction, with the highest phenolic content, exhibited the best antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared to the ethyl acetate fraction which contains more flavonoids.

[Salmonella meningitis in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from 2000 to 2004]. / Méningites dues à Salmonella au CHU de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (2000-2004).

56 strains of Salmonella were isolated from the cerebro-spinal fluids (CSF) from meningitis suspected patients at the Yalgado-Ouédraogo University hospital center in Burkina Faso, from January 2000 to December 2004. 75% of the patients were less than 3 years old; 71.4% of the CSF were purulent, with an average of 523 leucocytes/mm3 and 78% of neutrophile polynuclears. The strains identified belonged mostly to Salmonella O: 4.5 group (51.8%). In vitro, 92.7% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and this resistance was partially restored with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; however no strain was resistant to ceftriaxone. For the overall 56 patients, 20 different antibiotherapy regimes were used and they were successful in only 27% cases while 71% of patients died and 2% escaped from the hospital. Neurologic sequels were found in a patient treated with both ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol. These results showed that the illness occurred mainly in infants and was associated with high mortality rate. Most of the Salmonella strains were multi-drug resistant. In spite of strains multi-antibiotics resistance, adequate definition of therapeutic lines and early treatment including ceftriaxone could lead to higher cure rates and may improve the outcome.

Inhibition des contractions intestinales du rat par l'extrait acqueux (macerations) des ecorces de tronc de Khaya senegalensis (desr.) A. Juss (maliaceae)

"Khaya senegalensis ou cailcedrat est une des nombreuses plantes utilisees au Burkina Faso en traditherapie dans le traitement des pathologies gastro-enterologiques. Une etude ""in vitro"" sur l'intestin isole de rat a permis de mettre en evidence une activite spamolytique et antispasmodique vis-a-vis des contractions provoquees par l'acetylcholine et le chlorure de baryum. Ces actions antispasmodique et spasmolytique peuvent constituer un support pharmacodynamique explicatif de l'utilisation traditherapeutique de cette plante alors medicinale"