"They Might Be Wondering Why I Didn't Set My Sights Higher": Associative Stigma in Sexual and Romantic Relationships with Fat Partners.

Fatness and fat people are pervasively stigmatized in Western cultures, with significant negative implications for fat people's well-being. Negative evaluations of those in sexual and romantic relationships with fat people (i.e. associative stigma) may have harmful implications for shared relational well-being. Here, we examined whether non-fat (i.e. thin) sexual and romantic relationship partners of fat people experience associative stigma. First, we conducted a mixed-methods study with thin partners of fat people to elucidate their experiences of associative stigmatization and impacts on relational and sexual well-being. Many participants reported experiencing associative stigma, which, in tandem with relationship stigma, predicted lower relationship satisfaction but not sexual satisfaction. The most commonly reported experiences of associative stigma included others' assumptions that the fat partner is inferior, weight-based microaggressions, and negative attention in public. In a second, experimental study, we randomly assigned a second sample of participants to read one of 16 vignettes about mixed-weight (one fat and one thin partner; experimental condition) or same-weight (both thin; control) couples. Stimulus couples varied by target (thin partner) gender (male vs. female), relationship orientation (same-gender vs. other-gender), and relationship type (sexual vs. romantic). We found mixed support for our hypotheses that thin partners of fat people, relative to thin people in same-weight relationships, would be stigmatized. We conclude by calling for greater attention to the potential for associative stigma to influence sexual and romantic relationship outcomes.

I'll Show You Mine so You'll Show Me Yours: Motivations and Personality Variables in Photographic Exhibitionism.

Given that the sharing of genital images - colloquially known as "dick pics" - has become a widespread phenomenon, the purpose of the present study was to explore men's motivations for sending unsolicited images of their genitalia. A secondary purpose was to investigate the personality and sexuality characteristics of men who send dick pics relative to those who do not. 1,087 men completed an online survey, which included a demographic questionnaire and measures of narcissism, exhibitionism, erotophilia-erotophobia, and sexism. Also included was a measure developed specifically for the current study exploring the motivations behind sending unsolicited genital pictures as well as reactions senders hoped to elicit from their recipients. We determined that the most frequently reported motivational category for sending genital images was a transactional mindset (i.e., motivated by hopes of receiving images in return), while the most commonly desired reaction from recipients was that of sexual excitement. Further, we determined that men who reported having sent unsolicited dick pics demonstrated higher levels of narcissism and endorsed greater ambivalent and hostile sexism than their non-sending counterparts. This study is among the first to provide empirical evidence into the motivations and personality characteristics of men who send unsolicited dick pics.

Early proteinuria response: a valid real-life situation predictor of long-term lupus renal outcome in an ethnically diverse group with severe biopsy-proven nephritis?

OBJECTIVE: Two recent important lupus nephritis trials reported that proteinuria was a good predictor of renal outcome in Caucasians, but data on real-life situation, other races and severe nephritis are lacking to substantiate this finding as a simple test to guide clinical practice. The aim of this study was to validate proteinuria as a predictor of long-term renal outcome in real-life situation in a racially diverse group of patients with severe nephritis. METHODS: Proteinuria, serum creatinine (SCr) and urine red blood cells were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months, as early predictors of long-term renal outcome (SCr <1.5 mg/dL at 7 years), in 94 patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. The parameter performance and cut-off values were computed by receiver operating characteristic curves. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to validate the parameter. RESULTS: A proteinuria <0.8 g/24 hours at 12 months was the best single predictor of long-term renal outcome (sensitivity 90%, specificity 78%, positive predictive value 67%, negative predictive value (NPV) 94% and area under the curve 0.86; p<0.001). Addition of other variables to proteinuria such as SCr and haematuria at 12 months did not improve its performance. The proteinuria cut-off value of 0.8 g/24 hours at 12 months was a good predictor of 7-year renal survival (years free of dialysis) for patients with pure membranous (p=0.005) and proliferative nephritis (p=0.043), as well as black (p=0.002) and white race (p=0.001), anti-dsDNA positive (p=0.001) and anti-dsDNA negative (p=0.04) and male (p=0.028) and female (p=0.003) patients. CONCLUSION: We provided novel evidence that, in a real-life situation, proteinuria at 12 months of follow-up was the single best predictor of renal outcome at 7 years for an ethnically diverse group of patients with severe nephritis and a valid parameter for distinct histological classes, races, genders and anti-dsDNA profiles. The remarkably high NPV obtained reinforces its recommendation as the ideal predictor for clinical practice, since it is of low cost, easy to interpret, non-invasive and widely available.

Infiltração bacteriana na interface implante/pilar: considerações ao implantodontista / Bacterial leakage of the implant-abutment interface: what the implantologist should know

Diversos estudos têm mostrado altas frequências de sucesso na reabilitação oral por meio de implantes dentários. Entretanto, podem ocorrer fracassos por complicações logo após a sua instalação ou, posteriormente, quando a prótese sobre o implante já está em função há algum tempo. As falhas tardias podem ocorrer em situações nas quais a osseointegração de um implante previamente estável e em função é perdida por sobrecarga e/ou infecção, sendo que, um dos fatores de infecção é a infiltração de bactérias através de falhas existentes na conexão implante/pilar. Com essas considerações, o objetivo deste trabalho foi, de por meio de uma revisão de literatura discorrer sobre a infiltração de fluídos e bactérias no interior dos implantes, que ocorre devido à falha na conexão implante/pilar protético. Concluiu-se que mesmo com o desenvolvimento de novos implantes e pilares e a tentativa de alguns autores de buscarem o vedamento dessa microfissura a infiltração bacteriana entre implante/pilar não foi evitada.

Many studies have shown high rates of successful oral rehabilitation with implants. However, complications may occur immediately after the implant is placed or some time later, when the prosthesis has already been used for some time. These complications may lead to implant failure. Late failures can happen in situations where the osseointegration of a previously stable and functional implant is lost because of an overload and/or an infection. One of the causes of infection is the infiltration of bacteria in failures present in the implant-abutment interface. With this in mind, the purpose of this study was to address the infiltration of liquids and bacteria inside the implant due to failures in the implant-abutment interface based on a literature review. In conclusion, despite the development of new implants and abutments and the attempts of some authors to seal microfissures, bacterial infiltration in the implant-abutment interface still occurred.

Osteotomia unilateral da maxila: técnicas e relato de casos clínicos / Unilateral maxillary osteotomy: techniques and clinical reports

A correção da relação transversal é uma das prioridades dentro da Ortodontia. Uma das causas da deficiência transversal é a atresia maxilar, que pode ou não estar acompanhada de uma mordida cruzada posterior. Possui etiologia multifatorial e deve ser diagnosticada e tratada em estágios precoces. Após a completa maturidade esquelética, a expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC) constitui uma boa opção para a correção de mordidas cruzadas unilaterais e bilaterais em pacientes adultos. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura da ERMAC para a correção da atresia maxilar unilateral e apresentar dois casos clínicos para ilustrar o recurso.

Diacerhein versus glucosamine in a rat model of osteoarthritis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the chondroprotective effect of diacerein and glucosamine regarding degenerative changes and articular stiffness in an experimental model of arthritis. METHODS: Twenty rats underwent medial meniscectomy on the right knee. Ten animals were given diacerhein, and 10 were given glucosamine, from day 1 to the third month postoperatively, when all of them were killed. Histological and functional analysis of the knees were performed (measurement of maximum extension). RESULTS: All operated knees showed more limited extension values and more degenerative changes as compared to nonoperated contralateral sides. A comparison of the two drugs showed that the degree of articular stiffness was significantly lower with diacerein, although degenerative changes were similar. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Prophylactic use of diacerein leads to lower degree of articular stiffness when compared to glucosamine; 2) The prophylactic chondroprotective effects of diacerein and glucosamine are histologically similar.

Diacerhein versus glucosamine in a rat model of osteoarthritis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the chondroprotective effect of diacerein and glucosamine regarding degenerative changes and articular stiffness in an experimental model of arthritis. METHODS: Twenty rats underwent medial meniscectomy on the right knee. Ten animals were given diacerhein, and 10 were given glucosamine, from day 1 to the third month postoperatively, when all of them were killed. Histological and functional analysis of the knees were performed (measurement of maximum extension). RESULTS: All operated knees showed more limited extension values and more degenerative changes as compared to nonoperated contralateral sides. A comparison of the two drugs showed that the degree of articular stiffness was significantly lower with diacerein, although degenerative changes were similar. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Prophylactic use of diacerein leads to lower degree of articular stiffness when compared to glucosamine; 2) The prophylactic chondroprotective effects of diacerein and glucosamine are histologically similar.

OBJETIVO: O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar o efeito condroprotetor da diacereína em relação ao da glicosamina quanto às alterações degenerativas e à rigidez articular num modelo experimental de artrose. MÉTODOS: Vinte ratos foram submetidos à meniscectomia medial do joelho direito. Dez animais receberam diacereína, e dez glicosamina, todos do primeiro dia ao terceiro mês pós-operatório, quando foram sacrificados. Foram realizadas análise histológica e funcional (medida da extensão máxima) dos joelhos. RESULTADOS: Todos os joelhos operados apresentaram amplitude de extensão mais limitada e maiores alterações degenerativas, em relação ao lado contra-lateral não operado. Ao compararmos as duas drogas, a rigidez articular foi significantemente menor com a diacereína, e as alterações degenerativas foram semelhantes. CONCLUSÕES: 1- O uso profilático da diacereína leva à menor rigidez articular em relação a glicosamina. 2- O efeito condroprotetor profilático da diacereína é semelhante, histologicamente, ao da glicosamina.

Estudo do posicionamento dos parafusos pediculares no tratamento das fraturas da coluna toracolombar

Nas últimas décadas, houve aumento no uso de instrumentação com parafusos pediculares no tratamento das fraturas da coluna toracolombar. Esse tipo de fixação tem a vantagem de estabilizar as três colunas de Denis, ao contrário das outras instrumentações até então utilizadas, porém apresenta como possível e temível complicação a possibilidade de penetração do canal vertebral, fratura dos pedículos, acometimento de raízes nervosas e lesões vasculares. Nosso trabalho visa avaliar se a tomografia computadorizada é um bom método de análise do posicionamento dos parafusos pediculares e as possíveis complicações na passagem cirúrgica dos mesmos. Foram estudados 19 pacientes, totalizando 134 parafusos, durante os período de novembro de 2002 até fevereiro de 2005, quanto a análise radiográfica, tomográfica e neurológica pré e pós-operatória. Como resultado, houve dois casos de lesão da parede lateral do pedículo no estudo tomográfico, sem repercussão clínica aos pacientes. Quanto ao déficit neurológico, nenhum paciente apresentou piora. Seis pacientes apresentaram melhora de seu status neurológico. Concluímos que a tomografia computadorizada é excelente exame de imagem para avaliar os parafusos pediculares, e que esse tipo de fixação foi seguro e de baixa morbidade, permitindo mobilização precoce do paciente.

In the last decades, there has been an increasing use of instruments with pedicular screws for treating thoracic-lumbar spine fractures. This kind of fixation has the advantage of stabilizing the DenisÆ three columns, as opposite to other instruments previously used, but it presents as a possible and feared complication the potential of vertebral channel penetration, pedicular fractures, involvement of nervous roots and vascular injuries. Our study aims to evaluate if computed tomography is a good analysis method for pedicular screws positioning and the potential complications of surgically passing them. Nineteen patients have been studied, totaling 134 screws, during the period ranging from November 2002 to February 2005, regarding X-ray, tomography and pre- and postoperative neurological function analyses. As a result, there were two cases of injury on pedicleÆs lateral wall at the tomography image, with no clinical repercussion to patients. Regarding neurological deficit, no patient showed a worse condition. Six patients presented with an improved neurological status. We concluded that computed tomography is an excellent imaging test for evaluating pedicular screws, and this kind of fixation was safe and showed low morbidity rates, allowing an early mobilization of the patient.