Renal dysplasia in dogs: retrospective study (2008-2013) / Displasia renal em cães: estudo retrospectivo (2008-2013)

Background: Renal dysplasia, which has been reported in some dogs and human patients, refers to a developmental disorder of renal parenchyma due to imperfect inductive interaction between the mesonephric duct and the metanephric blastemal. In dogs, the characteristic histological findings on which diagnosis is based include (1) persistent metanephric ducts surrounded by primitive mesenchyme, (2) fetal or immature glomeruli, (3) fetal or immature tubules, and (4) anomalous presence of interstitial fibrous tissue. The aim of this study was to report the major pathological and immunohistochemical features of nine young dogs necropsied with renal dysplasia.Cases: The necropsy files from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT) were reviewed between the years 2008 and 2013. Dogs diagnosed with chronic kidney failure and macroscopic and histopathological renal lesions consistent with renal dysplasia were selected. Kidney fragments in paraffin blocks were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-vimentin and anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. The staining was considered positive for the presence of at least one renal cell marked with brown cytoplasmic staining clear and unambiguous. A total of 787 necropsies of dogs were performed. Of these, 64 had a clinical diagnosis of [...]

Renal dysplasia in dogs: retrospective study (2008-2013) / Displasia renal em cães: estudo retrospectivo (2008-2013)

Background: Renal dysplasia, which has been reported in some dogs and human patients, refers to a developmental disorder of renal parenchyma due to imperfect inductive interaction between the mesonephric duct and the metanephric blastemal. In dogs, the characteristic histological findings on which diagnosis is based include (1) persistent metanephric ducts surrounded by primitive mesenchyme, (2) fetal or immature glomeruli, (3) fetal or immature tubules, and (4) anomalous presence of interstitial fibrous tissue. The aim of this study was to report the major pathological and immunohistochemical features of nine young dogs necropsied with renal dysplasia.Cases: The necropsy files from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT) were reviewed between the years 2008 and 2013. Dogs diagnosed with chronic kidney failure and macroscopic and histopathological renal lesions consistent with renal dysplasia were selected. Kidney fragments in paraffin blocks were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-vimentin and anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. The staining was considered positive for the presence of at least one renal cell marked with brown cytoplasmic staining clear and unambiguous. A total of 787 necropsies of dogs were performed. Of these, 64 had a clinical diagnosis of [...](AU)

Cholangiocarcinoma in an American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes) / Colangiocarcinoma em uma ema

Cholangiocarcinomas are neoplasms that originate from the bile duct epithelium. The present case described a cholangiocarcinoma in an adult female American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes) by means of gross, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Irregular, firm, multifocal, yellow-white masses, measuring from 0.4 to 6cm in diameter were observed in both liver lobes. At the cut surface, multiple firm nodules filled with connective tissue were present. Microscopically, the neoplasia was composed of small, irregular, gland-like structures of neoplastic cells surrounded by connective tissue. The cells resembled epithelial cells of the hepatic biliary ducts. Neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. This is the first report of a malignant fatal neoplasia in an American Rhea.(AU)

Colangiocarcinomas são neoplasias originárias do epitélio do ducto biliar. O presente caso descreve os achados macroscópicos, microscópicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um colangiocarcinoma em uma ema fêmea (Rhea americana araneipes). No fígado, massas irregulares, firmes, multifocais, de coloração amarelo-esbranquiçada, medindo de 0,4 a 6cm de diâmetro foram observadas em ambos os lobos. Ao corte, múltiplos nódulos firmes preenchidos por tecido conjuntivo foram observados. Microscopicamente, a neoplasia era composta de células pequenas, irregulares, semelhantes às células do epitélio biliar, que formavam estruturas glandulares. A imuno-histoquímica foi positiva para citoqueratina e negativa para vimentina. Este trabalho constitui o primeiro relato de uma neoplasia maligna fatal em uma ema.(AU)

Cholangiocarcinoma in an American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes) / Colangiocarcinoma em uma ema

Cholangiocarcinomas are neoplasms that originate from the bile duct epithelium. The present case described a cholangiocarcinoma in an adult female American Rhea (Rhea Americana araneipes) by means of gross, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Irregular, firm, multifocal, yellow-white masses, measuring from 0.4 to 6cm in diameter were observed in both liver lobes. At the cut surface, multiple firm nodules filled with connective tissue were present. Microscopically, the neoplasia was composed of small, irregular, gland-like structures of neoplastic cells surrounded by connective tissue. The cells resembled epithelial cells of the hepatic biliary ducts. Neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. This is the first report of a malignant fatal neoplasia in an American Rhea.

Colangiocarcinomas são neoplasias originárias do epitélio do ducto biliar. O presente caso descreve os achados macroscópicos, microscópicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um colangiocarcinoma em uma ema fêmea (Rhea americana araneipes). No fígado, massas irregulares, firmes, multifocais, de coloração amarelo-esbranquiçada, medindo de 0,4 a 6cm de diâmetro foram observadas em ambos os lobos. Ao corte, múltiplos nódulos firmes preenchidos por tecido conjuntivo foram observados. Microscopicamente, a neoplasia era composta de células pequenas, irregulares, semelhantes às células do epitélio biliar, que formavam estruturas glandulares. A imuno-histoquímica foi positiva para citoqueratina e negativa para vimentina. Este trabalho constitui o primeiro relato de uma neoplasia maligna fatal em uma ema.

Case-control study evaluating the sow's risk factors associated with stillbirth piglets in Midwestern in Brazil.

Reproductive failure in swine herds is often difficult to diagnose and is important to swine production. The present study aims to identify the potential risk factors (infectious/noninfectious) for stillborn piglets in two commercial swine farms situated in midwestern region of Brazil. The potential risk factors were included in a multivariable logistic model, and the dependent variable was defined as the presence of at least one stillborn piglet in a given litter (yes or no). In the best fit model, two variables from the multivariable analysis, total litter size (p = 0.01), and average birth weight (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with the presence of stillborn piglets at the farms examined in this study. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was detected in 29.1 % of the litters. Neither parvovirus (PPV) nor leptospirosis infections were identified in this study, suggesting that they have a minor impact on reproductive disease.

Multicentric T cell lymphoma in a quarter horse / Linfoma de células T multicêntrico em um equino quarto de milha

Background: Equine lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic neoplasm in horses which can present a variety of clinical signs and course. The incidence of this neoplasia is of 0.7-3.2/100,000 horses. The major clinical manifestations depend on the degree of the organ involvement, the specific organs involved in an individual patient and duration of the disease. In general, the most common signs are weight loss, cachexia, ventral and limb subcutaneous edema, regional lymphadenopathy, depression, lethargy and recurrent fever. The purpose of the current study is to report a single case of equine lymphoma, classify this case via morphology and immunophenotyping according to the veterinary adaptation of the WHO guidelines. Case: A 19-year-old, female quarter horse showed clinical sings characterized by anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, noisy breathing at rest, swelling in the cervical and ventral region and subcutaneous nodules. The veterinarian suspected of neoplasia. Hematological and biochemical tests were requested by the owner. The animal was euthanized due to worsening of symptoms. Macroscopically, was observed an increase of the pre-scapular and pre-crural lymph nodes and nodules in the left scapular, on the inner thigh and perineum region. On the ventral surface of the spleen was increased size of lymph nodes which showed a reddish white color. In the kidney, was observed...(AU)

Multicentric T cell lymphoma in a quarter horse / Linfoma de células T multicêntrico em um equino quarto de milha

Background: Equine lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic neoplasm in horses which can present a variety of clinical signs and course. The incidence of this neoplasia is of 0.7-3.2/100,000 horses. The major clinical manifestations depend on the degree of the organ involvement, the specific organs involved in an individual patient and duration of the disease. In general, the most common signs are weight loss, cachexia, ventral and limb subcutaneous edema, regional lymphadenopathy, depression, lethargy and recurrent fever. The purpose of the current study is to report a single case of equine lymphoma, classify this case via morphology and immunophenotyping according to the veterinary adaptation of the WHO guidelines. Case: A 19-year-old, female quarter horse showed clinical sings characterized by anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, noisy breathing at rest, swelling in the cervical and ventral region and subcutaneous nodules. The veterinarian suspected of neoplasia. Hematological and biochemical tests were requested by the owner. The animal was euthanized due to worsening of symptoms. Macroscopically, was observed an increase of the pre-scapular and pre-crural lymph nodes and nodules in the left scapular, on the inner thigh and perineum region. On the ventral surface of the spleen was increased size of lymph nodes which showed a reddish white color. In the kidney, was observed...

Evaluation of hepatitis E virus infection between different production systems of pigs in Brazil.

The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs from large-scale and family-scale farms, (2) genetically characterize the strains isolated, and (3) study the pathogenesis of swine HEV infection via immunohistochemistry. A total of 50 pigs from 10 farms in Mato Grosso State, Brazil were divided according to type of production system into either large-scale farms (n = 5) or family-scale farms (n = 5). Samples of liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines, bile, and feces from the pigs were analyzed by nested PCR with primers targeting the ORF2 region of HEV and by immunohistochemistry. Of the eight HEV-positive samples from pigs of family-scale farms, phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven of the swine HEV isolates clustered with subtype 3b of genotype 3 and one isolate was categorized with subtype 3 f. The HEV antigen was detected mainly in the small intestine samples from family-scale farms, suggesting an early stage HEV infection. HEV was not detected in the samples of pigs from large-scale farms, reinforcing the need for additional studies to evaluate the risk of transmission of HEV to humans from pigs from family-scale farms in Mato Grosso State.

Desvio facial (wry nose) em um equino adulto / Wry nose in an adult equine

Background: Wry Nose (Campylorrhinus lateralis) is a congenital shortening and deviation of the maxillae, premaxillae, nasal bones, vomer, and nasal septum that affects mainly foals. Intrauterine positioning as an etiology of this deformity is highly unlikely. Clinically, varying degree of premaxillar deviation is noticeable upon inspection of the foal's head. The deviation usually results in malocclusion, with no contact between the incisors of the mandible and maxilla. Some foals experience breathing difficulties or have increased respiratory sounds. This condition will not self-correct, and a decision should be made to treat the foal using reconstructive techniques or to euthanize it to prevent it from suffering. The objective of this work was to describe a case of wry nose in an adult male equine. Case: A 4-year-old, 300 kg, male SRD equine was submitted for necropsy. There was no history of respiratory problems and trouble with mastication or prehension of food. Three days before death the horse showed clinical sings characterized by no ingestion of food and water, changing behavior and locomotion, weakness, and not respond to calls, seemingly oblivious to the environment evolving into permanent recumbency and death after about 24 h of the decline. The horse was treated by a veterinarian who suspected of leucoencephalomalacea. The animal died 24 h after her condition worsened. Macroscopically, the main lesion observed was in the nose. The nasal septum was deviated to the left with the sigmoid appearance and a dorsal hump on the right side of the nasal bone. The radiographs of dorsoventral view of the jaws showing premaxillae deviated approximately 90 degrees to the left. The left premaxillae was shorter than the right premaxilla, thus creating a lesser and greater curvature of the premaxilla. Macroscopic and Microscopic lesions in the brain were not observed discarding the possibility of leucoencephalomalacea and other neurological diseases of infectious origin. Discussion: Wry nose is a relatively rare disease and have being reported in foals. In our study, it was not possible to determine the cause of this abnormality, but a computed tomography study has been associated this deformity with an underdeveloped pregnant uterus during the second half of pregnancy witch the narrow tip of the uterine horns provides only limited space for the developing cranial half of the fetus. Although the disease have been reported in young animals in which the surgical procedure in moderate to severe cases it is recommended, in the present case, the equine was four years old indicating that there is a possibility of the animal to reach adulthood, but with their commitment to quality of life. Several diseases, such as cystic degeneration, malformation of normal tissue, abscesses, fractures and neoplasms may cause thickening, malformation or deviation of the nasal septum in horse producing similar clinical sings. In the present case, the macroscopic lesions and radiography exam were useful to determinate the exact site, extent and nature of the involvement of the lesion. Despite the owner to report a clinical picture indicative of neurological disease, histological analysis of the brain ruled out this possibility. These findings indicate that wry nose disease should be kept in mind when investigating causes of deviation of the nasal septum in equines.