Treatment outcome for dentin hypersensitivity with laser therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Laser protocols for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) have not yet been studied systematically. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to review clinical trials on the treatment of DH with laser therapy through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search of electronic databases resulted in 562 publications up to April 2020. The inclusion criteria were studies carried out on humans and reporting on the treatment of DH with laser therapy. Case reports, literature reviews and systematic reviews were excluded. Selected by abstract, potentially eligible papers were read in full (n = 160). Independent examiners performed data extraction and the assessment of the risk of bias. RESULTS: A total of 34 studies were included in the analysis, and 11 in the quantitative analysis. It was observed that most studies followed up patients for a maximum of 6 months (55%). Through the meta-analysis, we observed statistically significant differences between the average pain before and after 3 months of treatment with highand low-power lasers. However, through indirect comparisons, it was observed that the high-power laser showed a greater tendency to reduce the pain levels after 3 months of treatment as compared to the low-power laser, but without a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to conclude that regardless of the type of laser used in the treatment of DH, this treatment is an effective option for the control of pain symptoms. However, it was not possible to establish a defined treatment protocol, since the evaluation methods are very different from each other. Text for Rewiew and clinical cases.

T-cell activation, senescence, and exhaustion in asymptomatic HIV/Leishmania infantum co-infection.

Background: Leishmania infantum is an opportunistic parasitic infection. An immunocompromised state increases the risk of converting asymptomatic infection to symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which has a ~5% fatality rate even with treatment. HIV coinfection increases the risk of death from VL. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between 2014 and 2016 to determine the prevalence of L. infantum infection in HIV positive subjects residing in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (n=1,372) and of these a subgroup of subjects were followed longitudinally. Subsequent incident cases of VL were ascertained from a public health database through 2018. A subgroup (n=69) of the cross-sectional study subjects was chosen to assess immune status (T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion) and outcome. The data were compared between asymptomatic HIV+/L. infantum+ (HIV/Leish), symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), recovered VL, DTH+ (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity response - Leishmanin skin test), AIDS/VL, HIV+ only (HIV+), and Non-HIV/Non L. infantum infection (control subjects). Results: The cross-sectional study showed 24.2% of HIV+ subjects had positive anti-IgG Leishmania antibodies. After 3 years, 2.4% (8 of 333) of these HIV/Leish coinfected subjects developed AIDS/VL, whereas 1.05% (11 of 1,039) of HIV subjects with negative leishmania serology developed AIDS/VL. Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (p=0.0008) or prior opportunistic infections (p=0.0007) was associated with development of AIDS/VL. CD4+ (p=0.29) and CD8+ (p=0.38) T cells counts or viral load (p=0.34) were similar between asymptomatic HIV/Leish and HIV subjects. However, activated CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ T cells were higher in asymptomatic HIV/Leish than HIV group. Likewise, senescent (CD57+) or exhausted (PD1+) CD8+ T cells were higher in asymptomatic HIV/Leish than in AIDS/VL or HIV groups. Conclusion: Although asymptomatic HIV/Leish subjects had normal and similar CD4+ and CD8+ T cells counts, their CD8+T cells had increased activation, senescence, and exhaustion, which could contribute to risk of developing VL.

Behavioral, Sociodemographic, and Sleep Correlates of Symptoms of Depression amongst Older Brazilian Females According to Age: A Cross- Sectional Network Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Examining the interrelationships between symptoms of depression and sociodemographic and behavioral correlates is challengeful using traditional regression analysis. OBJECTIVE: to identify the sociodemographic, movement behaviors, and sleep correlates that contribute the most to symptoms of depression in Brazilian older females, using a network analysis approach. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 1019 older females from Brazil. Data (sociodemographic, height (meters), weight (kilograms), symptoms of depression, physical activity, sleep) were self-reported via phone calls. The relationships between symptoms of depression and their correlates were assessed using the Network Analysis (qgraph package of the Rstudio) for entire sample and age groups (60-69; 70-79 and 80+ years old). RESULTS: 60-69 and 70-79 groups have more weekly home exits, with aging "single, widowed or divorced" was progressively higher, and "married or stable union" and Overweight/obesity were progressively fewer (p < 0.05). 60-69 have more education years and fewest medicaments use. Sleep compliance (for the entire sample), body mass index (for the 60-69), compliance with moderate to vigorous physical activity (for the 70-79), and educational level (for 80+) were the variables with the highest expected influence values (p < 0.05) on symptoms of depression (1.370; 1.388; 1.129; and 1.354, respectively). CONCLUSION: Symptoms of depression vary throughout the aging process and thus determine that intervention strategies encompass these specific factors according to each age group. Poor sleep behavior has a strong positive association with symptoms of depression. This result highlights that health professionals must be aware of the importance of sleep to mitigate the worsening of depression among older Brazilian females.

Acute and chronic cardiometabolic responses induced by resistance training with blood flow restriction in HIV patients.

Resistance training with blood flow restriction (RTBFR) allows physically impaired people living with HIV (PWH) to exercise at lower intensities than traditional resistance training (TRT). But the acute and chronic cardiac and metabolic responses of PWH following an RTBFR protocol are unknown. The objective was to compare the safety of acute and chronic effects on hemodynamic and lipid profiles between TRT or RTBFR in PWH. In this randomized control trial, 14 PWH were allocated in RTBFR (GRTBFR; n = 7) or TRT (GTRT; n = 7). Both resistance training protocols had 36 sessions (12 weeks, three times per week). Protocol intensity was 30% (GRTBFR) and 80% (GTRT). Hemodynamic (heart rate, blood pressure) and lipid profile were acutely (rest and post exercise 7th, 22nd, and 35th sessions) and chronically (pre and post-program) recorded. General linear models were applied to determine group * time interaction. In the comparisons between groups, the resistance training program showed acute adaptations: hemodynamic responses were not different (p > 0.05), regardless of the assessment session; and chronicles: changes in lipidic profile favors GRTBFR, which significantly lower level of total cholesterol (p = 0.024), triglycerides (p = 0.002) and LDL (p = 0.030) compared to GTRT. RTBFR and TRT induced a similar hemodynamic adaptation in PWH, with no significant risks of increased cardiovascular stress. Additionally, RTBFR promoted better chronic adequacy of lipid profile than TRT. Therefore, RTBFR presents a safe resistance training alternative for PWH.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02783417; Date of registration: 26/05/2016.

Analgesic Effect of Carboxytherapy for Postoperative Neuropathic Facial Pain: A Case Report.

Postoperative pain is a major concern in surgical patients and is often challenging to treat. Studies have shown that carboxytherapy may be helpful in some cases of persistent pain, as it increases tissue oxygenation. This report describes the case of a patient who received carboxytherapy after three years of persistent postoperative neuropathic facial pain and successfully had her symptoms reduced.

Classification of nutritional status by fat mass index: does the measurement tool matter? / Classificação do estado nutricional pelo índice de massa gorda: o instrumento de medição importa?

Abstract Assessment of the Nutritional Status (NS) allows screening for malnutrition and obesity, conditions associated with chronic non-communicable diseases. The fat mass index (FMI) stands out concerning traditional NS indicators. However, proposals that define thresholds for FMI are not sensitive to discriminate extreme cases (degrees of obesity or thinness). Only one proposal (NHANES), determined by total body densitometry (DXA), established eight categories of NS classification (FMI). However, DXA is expensive and not always clinically available. Our study aims to test the validity of the NHANES method using electrical bioimpedance (BIA) and skinfold thickness (ST) to classify NS. The FMI of 135 (69 women) university students aged 18 to 30 years old was determined using DXA, BIA, and ST. The agreement between the instruments (Bland-Altman) and the agreement coefficient in the NS classifications (Chi-square and Kappa index) were tested. The agreement test against DXA indicated that ST underestimated the FMI (-1.9 kg/m2) for both sexes and BIA in women (-2.0 kg/m2). However, BIA overestimated FMI (1.4 kg/m2) in men, although with less bias. There was no agreement between the NS classifications (NHANES) by FMI between DXA and BIA, or DXA and ST. The exception occurred between DXA and BIA in men who showed a slightly better consensus, considered "fair" (k = 0.214; p = 0.001). In conclusion, ST and BIA did not show enough agreement to replace DXA for NS classification, within NHANES thresholds. The FMI measurement tools for the NHANES classification of the categories of NS matters.

Resumo Avaliar o Estado Nutricional (EN) permite rastrear desnutrição e obesidade, condições associadas a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O índice de massa gorda (IMG) destaca-se em relação aos indicadores tradicionais de EN. No entanto, propostas que definem limiares para IMG não são sensíveis para discriminar casos extremos (graus de obesidade ou magreza). Apenas uma proposta (NHANES) estabeleceu oito categorias de classificação EN (IMG), mas foi determinada por densitometria corporal total (DXA). Porém, DXA é caro e nem sempre disponível. O objetivo foi testar a validade do método NHANES usando bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) e dobras cutâneas (DOCs) para classificar o EN. O IMG de 135 (69 mulheres) universitários com idade entre 18 e 30 anos foi obtido por DXA, BIA e DOCs. A concordância foi testada entre os instrumentos (Bland-Altman) e classificações de EN (Qui quadrado e índice Kappa). O teste de concordância com a DXA indicou as DOCs subestimarem o IMG (-1,9 kg/m2) para ambos os sexos e a BIA em mulheres (-2,0 kg/m2). No entanto, as BIA superestimaram o IMG (1,4 kg/m2) nos homens, embora com menos viés. Não houve concordância entre as classificações de EN (NHANES) pelo IMG entre DXA e BIA/DOCs. A exceção ocorreu entre DXA e BIA em homens que apresentaram concordância "razoável" (k = 0,214; p = 0,001). Em conclusão, DOCs e BIA não mostraram concordância suficiente para substituir DXA pela classificação de EN, dentro dos limites NHANES. As ferramentas diferem para medir IMG e classificar categorias de EN (NHANES).

Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for studies on quinolinic acid-induced NMDAR-dependent glutamatergic disorders.

Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an agonist of the neurotransmitter glutamate (Glu) capable of binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) increasing glutamatergic signaling. QUIN is known for being an endogenous neurotoxin, able to induce neurodegeneration. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the mechanism by which QUIN induces behavioral and metabolic toxicity has not been fully elucidated. The effects of QUIN on behavioral and metabolic parameters in nmr-1 and nmr-2 NMDA receptors in transgenic and wild-type (WT) worms were performed to decipher the pathway by which QUIN exerts its toxicity. QUIN increased locomotion parameters such as wavelength and movement amplitude medium, as well as speed and displacement, without modifying the number of body bends in an NMDAR-dependent-manner. QUIN increased the response time to the chemical stimulant 1-octanol, which is modulated by glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ASH neuron. Brood size increased after exposure to QUIN, dependent upon nmr-2/NMDA-receptor, with no change in lifespan. Oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the flow of coupled and unbound electrons to ATP production were reduced by QUIN in wild-type animals, but did not alter citrate synthase activity, altering the functionality but the mitochondrial viability. Notably, QUIN modified fine locomotor and chemosensory behavioral parameters, as well as metabolic parameters, analogous to previously reported effects in mammals. Our results indicate that QUIN can be used as a neurotoxin to elicit glutamatergic dysfunction in C. elegans in a way analogous to other animal models.

Four-dimensional computed tomography protocol for preoperative evaluation of the parathyroid glands and its correlations with other imaging methods: a pictorial essay.

Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Advances in surgical techniques have made it possible to excise only the affected parathyroid gland in most cases. Imaging examinations play a fundamental role in the preoperative planning of parathyroidectomy. To localize the parathyroid glands, imaging tests such as scintigraphy, ultrasound, and, more recently, four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT). The aim of this pictorial review was to illustrate the use of the 4D CT protocol in cases of parathyroid adenoma and to determine how well it correlates with other imaging methods, in order to improve understanding of the 4D CT method.

O adenoma de paratireoide é a causa mais comum de hiperparatireoidismo primário. Com o avanço das técnicas cirúrgicas, na maioria das vezes é realizada a retirada apenas da paratireoide afetada. Para que isso seja possível, os exames de imagem têm papel fundamental. São utilizados para a localização das paratireoides exames como a cintilografia e a ultrassonografia, e recentemente a tomografia computadorizada quadridimensional (TC 4D) com protocolo específico. O objetivo deste ensaio é descrever o uso do protocolo TC 4D em casos de adenoma da paratireoide e determinar sua correlação com os outros métodos de imagem, para facilitar o entendimento do método.

Four-dimensional computed tomography protocol for preoperative evaluation of the parathyroid glands and its correlations with other imaging methods: a pictorial essay / Protocolo de tomografia computadorizada quadridimensional para avaliação pré-operatória da paratireoide e correlação com outros métodos de imagem: ensaio iconográfico

Abstract Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Advances in surgical techniques have made it possible to excise only the affected parathyroid gland in most cases. Imaging examinations play a fundamental role in the preoperative planning of parathyroidectomy. To localize the parathyroid glands, imaging tests such as scintigraphy, ultrasound, and, more recently, four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT). The aim of this pictorial review was to illustrate the use of the 4D CT protocol in cases of parathyroid adenoma and to determine how well it correlates with other imaging methods, in order to improve understanding of the 4D CT method.

Resumo O adenoma de paratireoide é a causa mais comum de hiperparatireoidismo primário. Com o avanço das técnicas cirúrgicas, na maioria das vezes é realizada a retirada apenas da paratireoide afetada. Para que isso seja possível, os exames de imagem têm papel fundamental. São utilizados para a localização das paratireoides exames como a cintilografia e a ultrassonografia, e recentemente a tomografia computadorizada quadridimensional (TC 4D) com protocolo específico. O objetivo deste ensaio é descrever o uso do protocolo TC 4D em casos de adenoma da paratireoide e determinar sua correlação com os outros métodos de imagem, para facilitar o entendimento do método.

Effect of Duodenogastric Reflux on Dental Enamel.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of stomach and duodenal fluid on enamel surfaces, simulating the action of refluxed liquid in patients with duodenogastric reflux. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty bovine incisors were used to obtain enamel fragments. Only half of the enamel surface was exposed to erosive challenges; the samples were then randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 10): G1: HCl; G2: HCl + pepsin; G3: HCl + ox bile + NaHCO3; and G4: HCl + pancreatin + NaHCO3. The specimens were placed in 37°C solutions, six times per day, for 20 s, over a period of 5 days and then analysed for morphology, surface roughness and the step formed on the dental enamel using confocal laser microscopy. The data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p <0.05). RESULTS: Both analyses revealed a higher step and surface roughness for the G3 group (5.6 µm ± 1.69, 2.2 µm ± 1.61), which were statistically significant compared with the G1 and G2 groups (3.9 µm ± 1.5 µm; 1.0 µm ± 0.18; 3.7 µm ± 1.45; and 0.9 µm ± 0.12) (p <0.05); only the step in the G4 group (4.9 µm ± 1.8 µm) was similar to that of the G3 group (p >0.05). Morphological analysis showed greater structural loss in the G3 and G4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bile and pancreatin, in combination with hydrochloric acid, may promote a greater loss of structure, increased surface roughness and loss of enamel prismatic anatomy.

Sarcoidosis Presenting With Multiple Bone Lesions and Its Regression With Infliximab / Sarcoidosis que se presenta con múltiples lesiones óseas y su regresión con infliximab

No disponible

Recurrent Left Pneumonia, is it the Right Diagnosis? / Neumonía izquierda recurrente ¿estamos ante el diagnóstico correcto?

No disponible

Holistic view of patients with melanoma of the skin: how can health systems create value and achieve better clinical outcomes?

Patients with skin cancer should be treated in healthcare units that ensure holistic and multidisciplinary approaches. Current healthcare units, especially those dedicated to cancer care, must evolve to integrated patient-centred systems. The current review presents a holistic health services perspective towards managing patients with melanoma of the skin, based on a literature search. It includes a detailed discussion on how this could impact on the patient, his or her quality of life and on service providers. Data from a multidisciplinary integrated practice unit, specialised in skin cancer, were also discussed, namely, for outcomes measurements, access to innovative treatments, value-based healthcare, patient centricity and use of integrated systems. Epidemiology data, including disease determinants and risk factors, play an important role in defining measures, resources and management of these integrated cancer units. To optimise effective care and improve survival outcomes, integrated cancer clinics should comprise, in a patient-centred way, innovative treatments and technologies, along with continuous training and creation of multidisciplinary units of healthcare professionals. Measurement of outcomes, such as clinical, quality of life and cost, is decisive in determining affordability and access to the best available state-of-the-art care. Besides, treatment of melanoma has significantly improved over recent years, but with increasing costs, which brings a challenging mission to guarantee access to treatment and quality care. Value-based healthcare allows the achievement of better health outcomes and higher quality services while reducing the costs associated with the full-care cycle. Therefore, current healthcare systems should develop in line with health institutions' organisation and culture, increasing adherence to best practices and create value.

Early metabolic 18F-FDG PET/CT response of locally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of head and neck to induction chemotherapy: A prospective pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) after the first cycle of induction chemotherapy (IC) in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LASCCHN). METHODS AND FINDINGS: A prospective, single-arm, single center study was performed, with patients enrolled between February 2010 and July 2013.Patients (n = 49) with stage III/IVA-B LASCCHN who underwent IC with taxanes, cisplatin, and fluorouracil were recruited. Staging procedures included loco-regional and chest imaging, endoscopic examination, and PET/CT scan. On day 14 of the first cycle, a second PET/CT scan was performed. Patients with no early increase in regional lymph node maximum 18F-FDG standard uptake value (SUV), detected using 18F-FDG PET/CT after first IC had better progression-free survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.18, 95%, confidence interval (CI) 0.056-0.585; p = 0.004) and overall survival (HR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.040-0.498; p = 0.002), and were considered responders. In this subgroup, patients who achieved a reduction of ≥ 45% maximum primary tumor SUV experienced improved progression-free (HR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.062-0.854; p = 0.028) and overall (HR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.013-0.96; p = 0.046) survival. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a potential role for early response evaluation with PET/CT examination in patients with LASCCHN undergoing IC. Increased regional lymph node maximum SUV and insufficient decrease in primary tumor uptake predict poorer outcomes.

Inspiratory muscle weakness, diaphragm immobility and diaphragm atrophy after neck dissection.

BACKGROUND: Inspiratory strength after a neck dissection has not been evaluated, and diaphragm function has not been adequately evaluated. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate diaphragm mobility and inspiratory strength after neck dissection. METHODS: Prospective data collection of a consecutive series of adult patients submitted to neck dissection for head and neck cancer treatment, in a tertiary referral cancer center, from January to September 2014, with 30 days of follow-up. A total of 43 were studied (recruited 56; excluded 13). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Determine diaphragm mobility and inspiratory muscle strength after neck dissection, using diaphragm ultrasound and by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP). RESULTS: Thirty patients underwent unilateral neck dissection, and thirteen patients underwent bilateral neck dissection. Diaphragm immobility occurred in 8.9% of diaphragms at risk. For the entire cohort, inspiratory strength decreased immediately after the dissection but returned to preoperative values after 1 month. Except for those with diaphragm immobility, diaphragm mobility remained unchanged after the dissection. One month after the dissection, the diaphragm thickness decreased, indicating diaphragm atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Immediately after a neck dissection, just a few patients showed diaphragmatic immobility, and there was a transient decrease in inspiratory strength in all individuals. Such findings can increase the risk of postoperative complications in patients with previous lung disease.

Efficacy of different strategies to treat root dentin eroded by liquid or gaseous hydrochloric acid associated with brushing abrasion.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate how casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) associated with Nd:YAG or Diode laser affects dentin exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl) with or without tooth brushing. DESIGN: One hundred and sixty human root dentin blocks were selected after they were initially eroded with liquid HCl (pH 1.2) 3x for one day. The blocks were divided into the following groups: G1- liquid HCl (HCl-l), G2- HCl-l + brushing, G3- gaseous HCl (HCl-g), and G4- HCl-g + brushing. Each group was randomly assigned to the following treatments (n = 10): A) Control (no treatment), B) CPP-ACP, C) CPP-ACP associated with Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) (40 mJ, 10 Hz, 0.4 W, 15 s), and D) CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (λ = 980 nm) (0.5 W, 200 µs, 15 s). The treatment with CPP-ACP (G2, G3 and G4) was applied on the dentine surface for 5 min. Erosion (6x/day/20 s) and erosion (6x/day/20 s) with abrasion (2x/10 s) were performed for five days. Dentin volume loss was determined by 3D confocal laser microscopy. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. RESULTS: G1 - CPP-ACP (10.77 ±â€¯1.66) and CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (9.98 ±â€¯0.89) showed lower volume loss in relation Control group (12.86 ±â€¯0.63) (p < 0.05). G2 - CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (12.41 ±â€¯1.08) elicited lower volume loss as compared to the Control (14.42 ±â€¯1.24) (p < 0.05). As for G3 and G4, all treatments showed similar volume loss. CONCLUSION: CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser could control dental tissue loss in dentin eroded by liquid HCl. Moreover, CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser could effectively decrease dental tissue loss in dentin exposed to liquid HCl and brushing.

Face morphology of brazilian and peruvian populations: analysis of proportion and linear measurement indexes / Morfologia facial de populações brasileira e peruana: análise de índices de proporção e medidas lineares

Objetivo: Comparar índices de proporção e medidas lineares da face entre amostras de populações brasileiras e peruanas por meio da estereofotogrametria 3D, a fim de estabelecer o perfil facial destas duas populações latino-americanas. Material e Métodos: 40 voluntários (21 brasileiros ­ 10 homens e 11 mulheres; 19 peruanos ­ 8 homens e 11 mulheres) com idade entre 18 e 40 anos (média de 28,7 ± 9,1) tiveram pontos de referência marcados na face, foram então obtidas imagens 3D (VECTRA M3) e calculados índices de proporção e medidas lineares da face, nariz e lábios. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de ANOVA One Way (p < 0,05). Resultados: Os índices de proporção não revelaram grandes diferenças entre as populações analisadas ou entre gêneros (p > 0,05). As medidas lineares que apresentaram diferença significativa na análise intergrupos foram: largura e altura da face e do nariz, altura da face superior, largura da boca e protrusão da ponta do nariz (p < 0,05), sendo que as brasileiras apresentaram as diferenças mais significativas em relação aos demais grupos, com medidas faciais menores. Conclusões: As populações brasileiras e peruanas, apesar das diferentes composições étnicas, não diferem quanto às proporções de face, nariz e lábios. As diferenças observadas no grupo de brasileiras podem estar relacionadas ao gênero e/ou à maior descendência caucasiana da amostra quando comparada à população peruana. (AU)

Objective: To compare the proportion and linear measurement indexes between Brazilian and Peruvian population through 3D stereophotogrammetry and to stablish the face profile of these two Latin American populations. Material and Methods: 40 volunteers (Brazilian n = 21 ­ 10 males and 11 females; Peruvian n = 19 ­ 8 males and 11 females) aged between 18 and 40 years (mean of 28.7 ± 9.1) had landmarks marked on the face. Then, 3D images were obtained (VECTRA M3) and the indexes of proportion and linear measurement (face, nose, and lips) were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed by One-Way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: The proportion indexes did not reveal marked differences either between the studied populations or genders (p > 0.05). The following linear measurements showed intergroup statistically significant differences: face width and height, nose width and height, upper facial height, mouth width, protrusion of the nose tip (p < 0.05). The Brazilian females showed the smallest significant differences. Conclusions: Despite the different ethnic compositions, the Brazilian and Peruvian populations did not differ regarding the proportions of the face, nose, and lips. The differences observed in Brazilian females may be related to gender and/ or to the Caucasian heritage of the Brazilian sample.. (AU)