Wellbeing of School Communities in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in Chilean Low-SES Schools.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact schools and how education is conveyed to students. One of the aspects that has gained strength is supporting the wellbeing of educational communities. The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the construction of school wellbeing during the pandemic, based on the notion of collective and sustainable wellbeing. Through a qualitative design, we conducted a study in four Chilean low-SES schools in which a national school mental health program is implemented. A total of 41 in-depth interviews and one group interview were conducted with students, parents, teacher, teacher assistants, school principals, psychosocial professionals, and the school mental health officers during the second half of the 2020 school year. Thematic content analyses showed that, while facing the school closure challenges, schools strived to protect students' and teachers' wellbeing. However, participants highlighted necessary conditions for sustaining the school community's wellbeing and mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: assuring digital connectivity for all students; coordinated work with families and within the school; strengthening networks; curriculum adaptation and diversified pedagogical strategies; and emotional support toward teachers, families, and students. We discuss these findings and their implications for a sustainable and collective perspective of the wellbeing of school communities in low-SES schools, as well as for policy, practice, and research from the perspective of schools for social justice and health promotion.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Gliotoxin Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus.

Multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes of hospital-acquired and community infections and pose a challenge to the human health care system. Therefore, it is important to find new drugs that show activity against these bacteria, both in monotherapy and in combination with other antimicrobial drugs. Gliotoxin (GT) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi of the Aspergillus genus. Some evidence suggests that GT shows antimicrobial activity against S. aureus in vitro, albeit its efficacy against multidrug-resistant strains such asMRSA or vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strainsis not known. This work aimedto evaluate the antibiotic efficacy of GT as monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutics against MRSA in vitro and in vivo using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model.

Baja concordancia entre la información clínica de atención primaria y hospital / Low concordance between primary care and hospital clinical information

OBJETIVOS: Medir la concordancia respecto a las enfermedades crónicas registradas en atención primaria (AP) y hospitalaria, y valorar la utilidad de sus registros asistenciales con fines de investigación. Emplazamiento: Estudio transversal retrospectivo integrando información diagnóstica de AP y hospitalaria de la población de Aragón ingresada en 2010. PARTICIPANTES: Se analizó a 75.176 pacientes INTERVENCIONES: Se analizaron coincidencias, divergencias e índice kappa de los diagnósticos registrados en AP y hospital, estratificando por grupos de edad y sexo. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Enfermedades estudiadas: EPOC, diabetes, hipertensión, enfermedad cerebrovascular, cardiopatía isquémica, asma, epilepsia e insuficiencia cardiaca. RESULTADOS: La concordancia fue mayor en hombres y entre los 45-64 años. Diabetes fue el diagnóstico más concordante (índice kappa: 0,75) mientras que asma obtuvo los valores más bajos (índice kappa: 0,34). CONCLUSIONES: La baja concordancia de la información diagnóstica contenida en AP y hospital obliga a adoptar medidas que permitan a los profesionales sanitarios a conocer el conjunto de problemas de salud que presenta un paciente

OBJECTIVES: To measure the diagnostic agreement between Primary Care (PC) and hospital information systems, in order to assess the usefulness of health care records for research purposes. SETTING: Cross-sectional retrospective study integrating PC and hospital diagnostic information for the Aragon population admitted to hospital in 2010. PARTICIPANTS: 75.176 patients were analysed. INTERVENTIONS: Similarities, differences and the kappa index were calculated for each of the diagnoses recorded in both information systems. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The studied diseases included COPD, diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, asthma, epilepsy, and heart failure. RESULTS: Diagnostic concordance was higher in men and between 45 and 64 years. Diabetes was the condition showing the highest concordance (kappa index: 0.75), while asthma had the lowest values (kappa index: 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: The low concordance between the diagnostic information recorded in PC and in the hospital setting calls for urgent measures to ensure that healthcare professionals have a comprehensive picture of patient's health problems

Patterns of pharmaceutical use for immigrants to Spain and Norway: a comparative study of prescription databases in two European countries.

BACKGROUND: Although equity in health care is theoretically a cornerstone in Western societies, several studies show that services do not always provide equitable care for immigrants. Differences in pharmaceutical consumption between immigrants and natives are explained by variances in predisposing factors, enabling factors and needs across populations, and can be used as a proxy of disparities in health care use. By comparing the relative differences in pharmacological use between natives and immigrants from the same four countries of origin living in Spain and Norway respectively, this article presents a new approach to the study of inequity in health care. METHODS: All purchased drug prescriptions classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) system in Aragon (Spain) and Norway for a total of 5 million natives and nearly 100,000 immigrants for one calendar year were included in this cross-sectional study. Age and gender adjusted relative purchase rates for immigrants from Poland, China, Colombia and Morocco compared to native populations in each of the host countries were calculated. Direct standardisation was performed based on the 2009 population structure of the OECD countries. RESULTS: Overall, a significantly lower proportion of immigrants in Aragon (Spain) and Norway purchased pharmacological drugs compared to natives. Patterns of use across the different immigrant groups were consistent in both host countries, despite potential disparities between the Spanish and Norwegian health care systems. Immigrants from Morocco showed the highest drug use rates in relation to natives, especially for antidepressants, "pain killers" and drugs for peptic ulcer. Immigrants from China and Poland showed the lowest use rates, while Colombians where more similar to host countries. CONCLUSIONS: The similarities found between the two European countries in relation to immigrants' pharmaceutical use disregarding their host country emphasises the need to consider specific immigrant-related features when planning and providing healthcare services to this part of the population. These results somehow remove the focus on inequity as the main reason to explain differences in purchase between immigrants and natives.

[Low concordance between primary care and hospital clinical information]. / Baja concordancia entre la información clínica de atención primaria y hospital.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the diagnostic agreement between Primary Care (PC) and hospital information systems, in order to assess the usefulness of health care records for research purposes. SETTING: Cross-sectional retrospective study integrating PC and hospital diagnostic information for the Aragon population admitted to hospital in 2010. PARTICIPANTS: 75.176 patients were analysed. INTERVENTIONS: Similarities, differences and the kappa index were calculated for each of the diagnoses recorded in both information systems. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The studied diseases included COPD, diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, asthma, epilepsy, and heart failure. RESULTS: Diagnostic concordance was higher in men and between 45 and 64 years. Diabetes was the condition showing the highest concordance (kappa index: 0.75), while asthma had the lowest values (kappa index: 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: The low concordance between the diagnostic information recorded in PC and in the hospital setting calls for urgent measures to ensure that healthcare professionals have a comprehensive picture of patient's health problems.