The Suffering of Advanced Chronic Renal Patients and Their Relationship with Symptoms in Loja, Ecuador.

Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) supposes a public health problem in Ecuador that requires a comprehensive approach. In view of the scarcity of studies on the subject in this country, the objective of this research was to determine the signs and symptoms associated with the patients' physical, social and psychological spheres that allow properly developing palliative care. A longitudinal, prospective and observational study was conducted with ACKD patients. In order to assess the symptomatic burden and suffering of these patients, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System Revised: renal (ESAS-r) for renal patients and the Distress Thermometer (DT) were used. The sample consisted of a total of 246 patients. The most common symptoms that affect them, causing them suffering in their daily lives, are those related to well-being, difficulty falling asleep and itching. It is necessary that health professionals adapt care measures and help patients undergoing renal treatment, especially those who have suffered the disease for a longer period of time, in order to alleviate the patients' suffering and therefore improve their daily lives. To such an end, a care plan could be designed that includes early palliative care.

Countries' cultures and professional nursing values: Cross-cultural evidence from Spanish and Colombian nursing students.

This study aimed to identify countries' cultural values associated with the importance given to certain professional nursing values by nursing students from Spain and Colombia. Weis and Schank's Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) in its Spanish version and the Hofstede cultural classification were used for this purpose. The sample was composed of 880 nursing students. Nursing students from both countries showed a greater importance for professional nursing values compared to evidence from other countries. Significant differences were also found in the total score, dimensions, and items, always being higher for Colombian students. Based on regression results, the impact that the academic year had on the importance given to NPVS-R is non-linear (U-inverted). Both groups of students gave the highest importance to the same group of items. Those showing the largest difference in the rankings were associated with country culture differences based on the scores identified by Hofstede. Colombian and Spanish societies present similarities in Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance, as well as differences in the other cultural dimensions.

The invasive land flatworm Obama nungara (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) reaches a natural environment in the oceanic island of São Miguel (Açores).

During an entomological sampling trip in the island of São Miguel (Açores, Portugal) on 02-11-2019 by José Rafael González-López, one specimen of the invasive flatworm Obama nungara Carbayo et al. 2016 was found under a rock (Fig. 1A). The specimen was photographed in situ and identified by its external morphology based on its large and broad leaf-like body with nearly parallel body margins, narrow and rounded anterior end, rounded posterior end, and dorsal pigmentation consisting of a light brown ground color covered with dark longitudinal and irregular stripes, and ventral surface grayish-white. Recent studies (Justine et al. 2020; Negrete et al. 2020) showed the reliability of photograph-based identification of O. nungara specimens. It is the sixth island where this species has been found (after Guernsey, Great Britain, Ireland, Corsica, and Madeira).

Are first-year nursing students' lifestyles coherent with their future career?

Nursing students are going to be professionals in the near future, and as carers, it will be essential for them to behave in a way that will allow them to have a positive influence on the health of others as well as their own health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lifestyles of first-year nursing students of 2 universities (one in Spain and the other in Colombia). A cross-sectional descriptive study design using validated surveys was adopted. A sample of 140 nursing students enrolled in 2014 in their first year of 2 universities (Seville in Spain, n = 37, and Antioquia in Colombia, n = 93) self-reported the FANTASTICO Lifestyle checklist. Findings reveal that (1) the lifestyles are not appropriate in 1 of 3 of nursing students in both universities and (2) there are statistically significant differences for family items, positive thinkers, the use of safety belts, and alcohol consumption before driving. A high proportion of the study's participants have inappropriate lifestyles that involve risks for the deferred development of chronic diseases. It is necessary for universities to develop educational interventions in the design of nursing degrees to strengthen healthy behaviours during training.

Lifestyles of nursing students from a Colombian public university / Estilos de vida de estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública colombiana / Estilos de vida de estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública colombiana

Objective.To assess the lifestyles of nursing students from a Colombian public university. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. 380 students answered by self-reporting the adapted version in Spanish of FANTASTIC Lifestyles Assessment Questionnaire of Wilson and Ciliska. Results. Lifestyles were poor in 9.2%, fair in 31.3%, good in 53.7%, and excellent in only 5.8% of the participants. Statistically-significant differences of the total mean score were not found when comparing with gender, age group, and course year, but were detected in two domains by gender: a) physical activity (higher score in men) and b) cigarette smoking (higher score in women). Conclusion. An important proportion of our nursing students has inadequate lifestyles, which means deferred risks for the development of chronic diseases. Universities should promote the training of the future professionals in nursing with knowledge and skills aimed at healthy lifestyles.

Objetivo.Evaluar los estilos de vida de los estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública colombiana. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo trasversal en 2014. 380 alumnos por autorreporte contestaron el FANTASTIC Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire, versión adaptada al español. Resultados. La puntuación de los estilos de vida fue bajo en el 9.2%; en el 31.3%, regular; en el 53.7%, bueno y solo en el 5.8%, fantástico. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas del promedio de la puntuación total cuando se comparó con sexo, grupo etario y año de curso, pero en sí en dos dominios del cuestionario: actividad física (puntuación mayor en hombres que mujeres) y b) consumo de tabaco (promedio de puntuación mayor mujeres que en hombres). Conclusión. Una proporción importante de alumnos de Enfermería de la universidad pública estudiada tiene inadecuados estilos de vida, lo que significa riesgos aplazados para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. Las universidades tienen el deber de promover en los futuros enfermeros los conocimientos y destrezas orientados a estilos de vida saludables.

Objetivo.Avaliar os estilos de vida dos estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública colombiana. Métodos. Se realizou um estudo de corte transversal em 2014. 380 alunos por autor-reporte responderam o FANTASTIC Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire, versão adaptada ao espanhol. Resultados. A pontuação dos estilos de vida foi baixo em 9.2%, em 31.3% foi regular, em 53.7% foi bom e só em 5.8% foi fantástico. Não se detectaram diferencias estatisticamente significativas da média da pontuação total quando se comparou com sexo, faixa etária e ano de curso, mas em si em dois domínios do questionário: atividade física (pontuação maior em homens de que mulheres) e b) consumo de tabaco (médio de pontuação maior mulheres de que em homens). Conclusão. Uma proporção importante de alunos de Enfermagem da universidade pública estudada tem inadequados estilos de vida, o que significa riscos adiados para o desenvolvimento de doenças crónicas.

Lifestyles of nursing students from a Colombian public university.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the lifestyles of nursing students from a Colombian public university. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. 380 students answered by self-reporting the adapted version in Spanish of FANTASTIC Lifestyles Assessment Questionnaire of Wilson and Ciliska. RESULTS: Lifestyles were poor in 9.2%, fair in 31.3%, good in 53.7%, and excellent in only 5.8% of the participants. Statistically-significant differences of the total mean score were not found when comparing with gender, age group, and course year, but were detected in two domains by gender: a) physical activity (higher score in men) and b) cigarette smoking (higher score in women). CONCLUSION: An important proportion of our nursing students has inadequate lifestyles, which means deferred risks for the development of chronic diseases. Universities should promote the training of the future professionals in nursing with knowledge and skills aimed at healthy lifestyles.

Investigación acción en la formación del profesorado universitario novel a través de la propuesta de una rúbrica / Action research on beginners university teachers training program through a rubric

Objetivo: desarrollar un instrumento de evaluación o rúbrica centrada en la presentación oral, para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad de Sevilla. Métodos: durante los cursos 2009 al 2012 el equipo docente realizó ciclos de investigación-acción, siguiendo las siguientes fases: búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos, selección de instrumentos, diseño y validación de contenido mediante consenso de expertos y difusión del instrumento previamente diseñado y validado. Resultados: se encontraron 16 artículos que presentaban rúbricas, pero tras su valoración, se consideró que no se adaptaban a las características del plan de estudio del Grado en Enfermería, por lo que se decidió diseñar y validar el contenido de un nuevo modelo de rúbrica. Conclusiones: la difusión de la rúbrica elaborada para las presentaciones en el Grado de Enfermería puede aumentar la coherencia en las evaluaciones de las competencias del alumnado, fomentando el desarrollo profesional(AU)

Objective: developing an assessment tool or rubric focused on oral presentation to improve the process of teaching and learning in the Degree in Nursing at the University of Seville. Methods: during the courses 2009 to 2012, the team conducted action-research cycles to design and content validation of a rubric for oral presentations following these steps: bibliographic searches on databases, instruments selection, design and content validation by expert consensus and diffusion of the instrument previously designed and validated. Results: we found 16 articles which rubrics were presented. After assessed the rubrics, we considered that those didn´t fit with characteristics of nursing curriculum. So we decided to design and validate the content of a new rubric. Conclusions: the rubric diffusion for oral presentations in the Degree in Nursing may improve the coherence of student competence evaluation, encouraging professional development(AU)

Use of health services by adult Latin American immigrants residing in Seville.

OBJECTIVE: This work sought to describe the use of health services by adult Latin American immigrants from Seville. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive cohort study with the participation of 190 adult Latin American immigrants from 25 to 44 years of age, residing in the city of Seville (Spain) in 2011. A self-report survey was applied. RESULTS: Within the past year, 67% of the individuals have visited a physician and 23% have attended nursing consultation. A total of 14% of the immigrants who called on a healthcare center reported that their experience was worse than that of others. La annual prevalence by accidents was: 10% domestic, 4% traffic-related and 9% occupational; nearly half these accidents justified emergency care or hospitalization due to their severity. The logistic regression model revealed that health services were used mostly by: women, those in poor self-perceived health status, those with secondary level of education, the elderly, and those who were single. CONCLUSION: The population studied presents adequate use of health services, although it would be recommendable to implement prevention activities by nurses in the immigrant's work and family environment to reduce the accident incidence described by this group.

Use of health services by adult Latin American immigrants residing in Seville / Utilización de servicios sanitarios de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos residentes en Sevilla / Utilização de serviços sanitários dos imigrantes latino-americanos adultos residentes em Sevilla

Objetivo.Describir la utilización de los servicios sanitarios de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos de Sevilla. Metodología.Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el que participaron 190 inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos de 25 a 44 años residentes en la ciudad de Sevilla (España) en 2011. Se aplicó una encuesta que fue respondida por autorreporte. Resultados.En el último año, el 67% de las personas ha visitado al médico y un 23% ha acudido a la consulta de enfermería. El 14% de los inmigrantes que acudió a un centro sanitario reportó que su experiencia fue peor que la de otros. La prevalencia anual por accidentes fue: 10% doméstico, 4% de tránsito y 9% ocupacional; cerca de la mitad de estos accidentes justificaron la atención de urgencias o la hospitalización por su severidad. El modelo de regresión logística mostró que utilizaron más los servicios de salud las mujeres, quienes tenían mal estado de salud autopercibida, los que tenían estudios secundários y universitarios y los solteros. Conclusión. La población estudiada presenta una adecuada utilización de los servicios sanitarios, aunque sería recomendable implementar actividades preventivas por parte de la enfermera en el ámbito laboral y familiar del inmigrante para reducir la accidentabilidad descrita por este colectivo.

Objective. This work sought to describe the use of health services by adult Latin American immigrants from Seville. Methodology. This was a descriptive cohort study with the participation of 190 adult Latin American immigrants from 25 to 44 years of age, residing in the city of Seville (Spain) in 2011. A self-report survey was applied. Results. Within the past year, 67% of the individuals have visited a physician and 23% have attended nursing consultation. A total of 14% of the immigrants who called on a healthcare center reported that their experience was worse than that of others. La annual prevalence by accidents was: 10% domestic, 4% traffic-related and 9% occupational; nearly half these accidents justified emergency care or hospitalization due to their severity. The logistic regression model revealed that health services were used mostly by: women, those in poor self-perceived health status, those with secondary level of education, the elderly, and those who were single. Conclusion. The population studied presents adequate use of health services, although it would be recommendable to implement prevention activities by nurses in the immigrant's work and family environment to reduce the accident incidence described by this group.

Objetivo. Descrever a utilização dos serviços sanitários dos imigrantes latino-americanos adultos de Sevilla. Metodologia.Estudo descritivo de corte no que participaram 190 imigrantes latino-americanos adultos de 25 a 44 anos residentes na cidade de Sevilla (Espanha) em 2011. Aplicou-se uma enquete que foi respondida por auto-relatório. Resultados. No último ano 67% das pessoas visitaram ao médico e um 23% foi à consulta de enfermagem. 14% dos imigrantes que foram a um centro sanitário reportaram que sua experiência foi pior do que a de outros. A prevalência anual por acidentes foi: 10% doméstico, 4% de trânsito e 9% ocupacional; cerca da metade destes acidentes, justificaram o atendimento de urgências ou a hospitalização por sua severidade. O modelo de regressão logística mostrou que utilizaram mais os serviços de saúde: as mulheres, os que tinham mau estado de saúde auto-percebida, os que tinham estudos secundários e maiores e os solteiros. Conclusão.A população estudada apresenta uma adequada utilização dos serviços sanitários, ainda que seria recomendável implementar atividades preventivas por parte da enfermeira no âmbito trabalhista e familiar do imigrante para reduzir a acidentalidade descrita por este coletivo.

[Risk factors and cardiovascular events in adult Latin American immigrants in the Macarena District, Seville, Spain: a pilot study]. / Factores de riesgo y eventos cardiovasculares en inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos en el Distrito Macarena, Sevilla, España: estudio piloto.

In order to estimate the prevalence of self-reported risk factors and cardiovascular events in an adult immigrant Latin American population of District 2 (Macarena) in Seville, we conducted a pilot study using cross-sectional descriptive research. We used an anonymous questionnaire with self-reported risk factors and cardiovascular events. 34 people participated (18% of the sample); mean age: 31.8 years, mean residence: 6.5 years, women: 52.9%. Prevalence of risk factors: diabetes 8.8%, high cholesterol 14.7% and high blood pressure 23.5%. Prevalence of coronary events was 8.8%; angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and stroke, 2.9% each. The conclusion is that self-reported prevalence of cardiovascular events was higher than in the literature, this issue deserving the attention of health agencies. This knowledge should be considered by nurses to develop culturally appropriate care plans of the context of immigrants.

Factores de riesgo y eventos cardiovasculares en inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos en el Distrito Macarena, Sevilla, España: estudio piloto / Fatores de risco e eventos cardiovasculares em imigrantes latino americanos adultos no Distrito Macarena, Sevilla, Espanha: estudo piloto / Risk factors and cardiovascular events in adult Latin American immigrants in the Macarena District, Seville, Spain: a pilot study

Con la finalidad de estimar la prevalencia por autorreporte de factores de riesgo y eventos cardiovasculares en población latinoamericana inmigrante adulta del Distrito 2 (Macarena) de Sevilla, se realizó un estudio piloto de investigación descriptiva de corte transversal. Fue utilizado un cuestionario anónimo con autorreporte de factores de riesgo y eventos cardiovasculares. Resultados: participaron 34 personas, (18% de la muestra), media etaria: 31,8 años, residencia media: 6,5 años, mujeres: 52,9%. Prevalencias de factores de riesgo: 8,8% diabetes, 14,7% colesterol elevado y 23,5% hipertensión arterial. Prevalencia de eventos coronarios corresponde a 8,8%: angina de pecho, infarto de miocardio y accidente cerebrovascular: 2,9% para ambos. Se concluye en que la prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares autorreportados supera la mencionada en la literatura, mereciendo este asunto la atención de los organismos sanitarios. Este dato debe ser tenido en cuenta por enfermería para elaborar planes de cuidados adaptados culturalmente al contexto de este colectivo inmigrante.

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de auto-relato de fatores de risco e eventos cardiovasculares na população latinoamericana imigrante adulta do Distrito 2 (Macarena) de Sevilla. Estudo piloto de investigação descritiva de corte transversal, utilizou-se um questionário anônimo com auto-relato de fatores de risco e eventos cardiovasculares. Participaram 34 pessoas, (18% do total da mostra), idade média: 31,8 anos, residência média: 6,5 anos, mulheres: 52.9%. Prevalências de fatores de risco: 8,8% diabetes, 26.5% colesterol elevado e 14,5% hipertensão arterial. Prevalência de eventos coronários é de 8,8%: angina de peito, infarto do miocárdio e acidente cerebrovascular, com 2,9% cada um. A conclusão é que a auto-relatada prevalência de eventos cardiovasculares é maior do que a literatura, esta questão merece a atenção de agências de saúde, este conhecimento deve ser considerada pelas enfermeiras para desenvolver planos de cuidados culturalmente apropriado do contexto dos imigrantes.

In order to estimate the prevalence of self-reported risk factors and cardiovascular events in an adult immigrant Latin American population of District 2 (Macarena) in Seville, we conducted a pilot study using cross-sectional descriptive research. We used an anonymous questionnaire with self-reported risk factors and cardiovascular events. 34 people participated (18% of the sample); mean age: 31.8 years, mean residence: 6.5 years, women: 52.9%. Prevalence of risk factors: diabetes 8.8%, high cholesterol 14.7% and high blood pressure 23.5%. Prevalence of coronary events was 8.8%; angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and stroke, 2.9% each. The conclusion is that self-reported prevalence of cardiovascular events was higher than in the literature, this issue deserving the attention of health agencies. This knowledge should be considered by nurses to develop culturally appropriate care plans of the context of immigrants.

Prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and street drugs consumption in adult Latin American immigrants.

To estimate the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug consumption (through the self-report) in adult Latin-American immigrants of Seville, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a representative sample of 190 immigrants. The results showed that 61.4% of the participants had consumed alcohol in previous month before data collection, although 13.2% of them were at risk of alcoholism. Moreover, 30.0% were smokers. In addition, 5.3% of the interviewed people had consumed illicit psychoactive substances in the previous six months (Marihuana: 3.7%, hashish: 1.1% and cocaine: 0.5%). For all substances under analysis, the consumption prevalence was much higher in men from 25 to 39 years of age. In conclusion, prevalence levels of this consumption were high among the studied immigrants. Nurses could train the population in the prevention of these risk behaviors through preventive practices.

Prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and street drugs consumption in adult Latin American immigrants / Prevalência do consumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas em adultos imigrantes latino-americanos / Prevalencia de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas en inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos

To estimate the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug consumption (through the self-report) in adult Latin-American immigrants of Seville, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a representative sample of 190 immigrants. The results showed that 61.4% of the participants had consumed alcohol in previous month before data collection, although 13.2% of them were at risk of alcoholism. Moreover, 30.0% were smokers. In addition, 5.3% of the interviewed people had consumed illicit psychoactive substances in the previous six months (Marihuana: 3.7%, hashish: 1.1% and cocaine: 0.5%). For all substances under analysis, the consumption prevalence was much higher in men from 25 to 39 years of age. In conclusion, prevalence levels of this consumption were high among the studied immigrants. Nurses could train the population in the prevention of these risk behaviors through preventive practices.

Para estimar a prevalência de autorrelato de consumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas da população adulta de latino-americanos imigrantes, de Sevilha, foi realizado estudo transversal descritivo em amostra representativa com 190 imigrantes. Os resultados mostraram que 61,4% dos sujeitos ingeriam bebidas alcoólicas no mês anterior à coleta de dados, 13,2% dos participantes apresentaram risco para alcoolismo, 30,0% já eram fumantes, 5,3% dos entrevistados nos últimos seis meses haviam consumido drogas ilícitas (maconha: 3,7%, haxixe: 1,1% e cocaína: 0,5%). Para todas as substâncias investigadas, a prevalência do consumo foi maior em homens com idade entre 25 e 39 anos. Conclui-se que os imigrantes apresentaram alta prevalência de consumo de drogas. A enfermeira pode atuar na prevenção desses comportamentos de risco por meio da execução de práticas educativas.

Con el fin de estimar la prevalencia por autorreporte del consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas en la población adulta de inmigrantes latinoamericanos en Sevilla, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra representativa de 190 inmigrantes. Los resultados mostraron que el 61,4% de los sujetos bebió alcohol en el mes anterior a la recolección de datos, y el 13,2% de los participantes mostró tener riesgo de alcoholismo. El 30,0% ya era fumador. El 5,3% de los encuestados ha consumido drogas ilícitas en los últimos seis meses (marihuana: 3,7%, el hachís, la cocaína un 1,1% y 0,5%). Para todas las sustancias investigadas, la prevalencia de consumo fue mayor en hombres de 25-39 años. Se concluye que los inmigrantes tienen una alta prevalencia de consumo de drogas. La enfermera puede prevenir estos comportamientos de riesgo mediante la implementación de prácticas educativas.

Self-medication in adult Latin American immigrants in Seville / Automedicación en inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos de Sevilla

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of non-prescription pharmaceutical use in the Latin American immigrant population. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 190 immigrants. We used a questionnaire based on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). RESULTS: In the past six months, 77.4% of the sample self-medicated. The prevalence of consumption of antiinflammatory and non-prescription analgesics was the highest, followed by antibiotics. A statistical difference was observed in non-prescription use of antibiotics by gender. CONCLUSION: The consumption of pharmaceuticals without a medical prescription in the Latin American immigrants in the city of Seville is high.

OBJETIVO: Para estimar a prevalência de drogas sem receita médica na América Latina população imigrante. MÉTODO: Um estudo descritivo transversal com uma amostra representativa de 190 imigrantes. Foi utilizado um questionário com base no Sistema de Vigilância Comportamento de Risco Fatores de Risco (BRFSS). RESULTADOS: Nos últimos seis meses 77,4% da amostra foi automedicação. A prevalência de analgésicos antiinflamatórios e não sujeitos a receita foram as mais altas, seguido de antibióticos. Houve diferença estatística no uso de antibióticos sem receita médica por sexo. CONCLUSÃO: O consumo de drogas sem uma prescrição de imigrantes latino-americanos na cidade de Sevilha é alta.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de consumo de fármacos sin prescripción médica en la población latinoamericana inmigrante. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra representativa de 190 inmigrantes. Se empleó un cuestionario basado en el del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo de Riesgo de Comportamiento (BRFSS). RESULTADOS: En los últimos seis meses el 77,4% de la muestra se ha automedicado. La prevalencia de consumo de antiinflamatorios y de analgésicos sin prescripción médica fueron las más altas, siguiéndoles los antibióticos. Se observó diferencia estadística en uso sin prescripción de antibióticos por sexo. CONCLUSIÓN: El consumo de fármacos sin prescripción médica de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos de la ciudad de Sevilla es alto.

[Migrants' female partners: social image and the search for sexual and reproductive health services]. / Mujeres compañeras de migrantes: imagen social y búsqueda de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva.

OBJECTIVE: Analysing the self-image and social image of migrants' female partners (MFP) and their relationship with the search for sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in communities having a high US migratory intensity index. METHODS: 60 MFP were subjected to in-depth interviews between October 2004 and May 2005 and 19 semi-structured interviews were held with members of their families, 14 representatives from social organisations, 10 health service representatives and 31 men and women residing in the community. RESULTS: MFP self-image and social image regards women as being "vulnerable", "alone", "lacking sexual partner" and thus being sexually inactive. Consequently, "they must not contract sexually-transmitted diseases (STD), use contraceptives or become pregnant" when their partners are in the USA. The search for SRHS services was found to be related to self-image, social image and the notion of family or social control predominated in the behaviour expected for these women which, in turn, was related to conditions regarding their coexistence (or not) with their families. CONCLUSIONS: MFP living with their family or their partner's family were subject to greater "family" control in their search for SRHS services. On the contrary, MFP living alone were subjected to greater "social" control over such process. Sexuallyinactive women's self-image and social image seems to have a bearing on such women's social behaviour and could become an obstacle to the timely search for SRHS services in communities having high migratory intensity.

Mujeres compañeras de migrantes: imagen social y búsqueda de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva / Migrants' female partners: social image and the search for sexual and reproductive health services

Objetivo Analizar la autoimagen e imagen social de las mujeres compañeras de migrantes (MCM) y su relación con la búsqueda de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) en comunidades con alto índice de intensidad migratoria a Estados Unidos de América (EUA). Método Entre octubre de 2004 y mayo de 2005 se realizaron 60 entrevistas en profundidad a MCM y 19 entrevistas semiestructuradas a integrantes de sus familias, 14 representantes de organizaciones sociales, 10 representantes de los servicios de salud y 31 hombres y mujeres residentes de la comunidad. Resultados La autoimagen e imagen social de las MCM es de mujeres "desprotegidas", "solas", "sin pareja sexual" y por lo tanto inactivas sexualmente. En consecuencia "no deben padecer ITS, usar anticonceptivos, ni embarazarse" cuando su compañero está en EUA. La búsqueda de servicios de SSR se encuentra relacionada con la autoimagen, la imagen social y el comportamiento esperado de estas mujeres predominando la noción de control familiar o social, la cual está relacionada con sus condiciones de convivencia o no con familiares. Conclusiones Las MCM que conviven con su familia o la de su compañero son sujeto de mayor control "familiar" para buscar servicios de SSR. Por el contrario, las MCM que viven solas son sujeto de mayor control "social" sobre este proceso. La autoimagen e imagen social de mujeres inactivas sexualmente parece incidir en el comportamiento social de estas mujeres y puede constituirse en un obstáculo para la búsqueda oportuna de servicios de SSR en comunidades con alta intensidad migratoria.

Objective Analysing the self-image and social image of migrants' female partners (MFP) and their relationship with the search for sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in communities having a high US migratory intensity index. Methods 60 MFP were subjected to in-depth interviews between October 2004 and May 2005 and 19 semi-structured interviews were held with members of their families, 14 representatives from social organisations, 10 health service representatives and 31 men and women residing in the community. Results MFP self-image and social image regards women as being "vulnerable", "alone", "lacking sexual partner" and thus being sexually inactive. Consequently, "they must not contract sexually-transmitted diseases (STD), use contraceptives or become pregnant" when their partners are in the USA. The search for SRHS services was found to be related to self-image, social image and the notion of family or social control predominated in the behaviour expected for these women which, in turn, was related to conditions regarding their coexistence (or not) with their families. Conclusions MFP living with their family or their partner's family were subject to greater "family" control in their search for SRHS services. On the contrary, MFP living alone were subjected to greater "social" control over such process. Sexuallyinactive women's self-image and social image seems to have a bearing on such women's social behaviour and could become an obstacle to the timely search for SRHS services in communities having high migratory intensity.

Evaluación del plan de acogida de los alumnos de nuevo ingreso de la facultad de enfermería, fisioterapia y podología de la universidad de Sevilla. España / Evaluation plan welcome new students entering the college of nursing and physiotherapy podiatry university of Seville. Spain

Introducción: Dentro de la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología de la Universidad de Sevilla hemos puesto en marcha, por primera vez, una Jornada que incluye el Plan de Acogida al alumnado de nuevo. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar el Plan de Acogida organizado por el Centro Universitario, con el fin de detectar las debilidades y fortalezas del mismo. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, trasversal, cuantitativo, observacional y comparativo. La muestra quedó constituida por 205 alumnos de nuevo ingreso de dicha Facultad. El instrumento utilizado es una encuesta de elaboración propia que tiene 22 ítems. Dichos ítems constan de una gradación (tipo likert) del 1 al 5. Para el análisis de datos se empleó el paquete estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 17.0 para Windows. Resultados: Obtuvimos una puntuación media de 4.22 con una desviación típica de 0.67 respecto a la comprensión de la información de la Facultad por parte de la muestra. La satisfacción general de las Jornadas de acogida, obtuvo una puntuación media de 4.39 con una desviación típica de 0.73. Discusión y Conclusiones: Se evidencia una mayor tendencia al ingreso desde la Formación Profesional en el Grado de Podología, un 9.04% y 5.32% que accede por Selectividad. Con los datos obtenidos, extraemos que el índice de satisfacción obtenido en nuestras jornadas, superan las realizadas en otras Universidades. La evaluación de la satisfacción por parte de los alumnos de nuevo ingreso en la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología de la Universidad de Sevilla, ha resultado ser una experiencia muy positiva, por lo que sería recomendable llevar a cabo el Plan de Acogida en cursos venideros.

Introduction: Within the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla have launched for the first time, a journey that includes plans for welcoming new students. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the Plan Reception hosted by the University Center, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of it. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, observational and comparative. The sample was constituted by 205 new students of the Faculty. The instrument used is a survey made on the premises who is 22 items. These items consist of a graded (Likert) of 1 to 5. For data analysis we used the statistical package Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 for Windows. Results: We obtained an average score of 4.22 with a standard deviation of 0.67 compared to the understanding of the information in the Faculty by the sample. Overall satisfaction of the conference host, got an average score of 4.39 with a standard deviation of 0.73. Discussion and Conclusions: The trend shows increasing revenue from vocational training in the degree of Podiatry, 9.04% versus 5.32% for accessing selectivity. With the data obtained, we extract the index of satisfaction obtained in our days, than those in other universities. Assessing the satisfaction of the new students at the School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, has proved a very positive experience, it would be advisable to conduct the courses Reception Plan come.

Aprendizaje basado en problemas en enfermería comunitaria I: desempeño discente en la Universidad de Sevilla / Aprendizagem baseada em problemas em enfermagem comunitária I: desempenho discente na Universidade de Sevilha / Problem-based learning in community nursing I: students’ performance at the University of Seville

La metodología de enseñanza del aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) facilita que el alumno adquiera y desarrolle un pensamiento crítico. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la implementación de la metodología ABP y sus resultados académicos en todos los alumnos del 1º Curso de Enfermería matriculados en la asignatura Enfermería Comunitaria I de la Escuela Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Sevilla, durante el curso académico 2008-2009. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional, basándonos en una metodología cuantitativa. El instrumento de recogida de datos fue las calificaciones finales obtenidas y el cuestionario de valoración del alumno y el docente. Entre los resultados más destacables encontramos la calificación de notable en más de la mitad del alumnado — 100(62,5%) —, no reseñándose diferencias significativas entre los grupos correspondientes a Macarena y Valme. Concluimos afirmando que la implementación del ABP en la asignatura aporta muy buenos resultados académicos.

A metodología de ensino da aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) facilita que o aluno adquira e desenvolva um pensamento crítico. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a implementação da metodologia ABP e seus resultados acadêmicos em todos os alunos do 1º Período de Enfermagem matriculados na disciplina Enfermagem Comunitária I da Escola Universitária Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Sevilha, durante o curso acadêmico 2008-2009. Aconteceu um estudo descritivo, transversal e observacional, com base em uma metodologia quantitativa. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi as qualificações finais obtidas e o questionário de valoração do aluno e o docente. Entre os resultados mais destacáveis encontramos a qualificação de notável em mais da metade do alunado — 100(62,5%) —, não se encontrando diferenças significativas entre os grupos correspondentes a Macarena e Valme. Concluímos afirmando que a implementação da ABP na disciplina traz muito bons resultados acadêmicos.

The problem based learning (ABP) methodology allows the student to develop critical thinking. The objective of this study was to describe the implementation of the methodology ABP on the basis of the academic results of all Nursing freshmen registered in 2008-2009 for Community Nursing I at the University of Seville Health Science School. The study was descriptive, transversal, and observational, based on quantitative methodology. Data was collected from final grades and from the professor’s and student’s assessment questionnaire. Results show outstanding rates from over half of the students — 100(62.5%) —; significant differences among groups corresponding to Macarena and Valme were not found. Conclusions show very good academic records result from the implementation of ABP.

Conductas de salud en inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos del Distrito Macarena de Sevilla (España) / Condutas de saúde em imigrantes latino-americanos adultos do Distrito Macarena de Sevilla (Espanha) / Health behaviors in adult Latin American immigrants of the Macarena de Sevilla district (Spain)

Objetivo. Describir el estado de salud de la población latinoamericana inmigrante de 25 a 44 años del Distrito Macarena de la ciudad de Sevilla. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se empleó muestreo probabilístico aleatorio, estratificado y proporcional. Se realizó en 34 personas, 16 hombres y 18 mujeres, de 25 a 44 años. Para la recogida de datos se elaboró un cuestionario que unificaba los instrumentos del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo asociados a Enfermedades No Transmisibles en Adultos y el del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo de Riesgo de Comportamiento. Los datos se analizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS 17.0. Resultados. El 38.2% de la muestra considera bueno su estado de salud percibida. Un 26.5% no sabe o no está seguro de cuál es su Centro de Salud. El 58.8% nunca ha acudido a la consulta de la enfermera. El 38.2% consume alcohol un día a la semana y el 58.8% se ha automedicado. El 67.7% de la muestra usa métodos para evitar la concepción pero solo de ellos el 43.5%, se protegen también de una enfermedad de transmisión sexual Conclusión. Se identificaron conductas de salud en función del origen y algunos de los factores asociados, los cuales deberían considerarse en el diseño y desarrollo de actuaciones diferenciales, orientadas a mejorar el nivel de salud en los inmigrantes.

Objective. To describe the health status of the immigrant Latin American population between 25 and 44 years old from the Macarena district of the city of Sevilla. Methodology. Cross-sectional study, it was employing a stratified ramdom sampling. It was conducted on 34 people, 16 men and 18 women, 25 to 44 years old. To collect the data a questionnaire that unified the instrument Surveillance System of Risk Factors associated to Noncommuni- Invest Educ Enferm 2010;28(3) / 385 cable Diseases in Adults and the Surveillance System of Risk Factors Risk Behavior was used. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 17.0 statistical software. Results. 38.2% of the sample perceived as good their health condition. 26.5% are unsure or don’t know about which is their Primary Care Center. 58.8% have never been attended to a nursing consult. 38.2% consume alcohol once a week and the 58.8% have selfmedicated. 67.7% of the sample use contraception, but only 43.5% also protect themselves from a sexually transmitted disease. Conclusion. Health behaviors were identified according to the origin and some related factors. This should be considered when designing and developing activities aimed at improving the health level in immigrants.

Objetivo. Descrever o estado de saúde da população latino-americana imigrante de 25 a 44 anos do Distrito Macarena da cidade de Sevilla. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo, transversal, de prevalência e observacional, empregando-se uma amostragem probabilística, aleatório, estratificado e proporcional. Realizou-se em 34 pessoas, 16 homens e 18 mulheres, de 25 a 44 anos. Para a recolhida de dados se elaborou um questionário que unificava os instrumentos do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco associados a Doenças Não Transmissíveis em Adultos e o do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco de Risco de Comportamento. Os dados se analisaram com o pacote estatístico SPSS 17.0. Resultados. O 38.2% da mostra considera bom seu estado de saúde percebida. Um 26.5% não sabe ou não está seguro de qual é seu Centro de Saúde. O 58.8% nunca foi à consulta da enfermeira. O 38.2% consome álcool um dia à semana e o 58.8% se tem automedicado. O 67.7% da mostra usa métodos para evitar a concepção, mas só deles o 43.5%, protegem-se também de uma doença de transmissão sexual. Conclusão. Identificaram-se condutas de saúde em função da origem e alguns dos fatores associados, os quais deveriam considerar-se no desenho e desenvolvimento de atuações diferenciais, orientadas a melhorar o nível de saúde nos imigrantes.

Evolución de la inmigración en Europa y España durante los Siglos XX y XXI / Evolution of immigration in Europe and Spain in the XX and XXI centuries

Introducción: Entendemos la migración como un proceso con diferentes fases o etapas, asociadas a problemas de salud específicos que van desde los procesos de incomunicación inicial hasta los problemas de identidad en la fase de asentamiento, siendo el conocimiento de la realidad y formas de vida de los inmigrantes como un elemento imprescindible para fomentar y promocionar su salud. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión de la literatura. Resultados: En la actualidad, España se sitúa entre los principales países receptores de flujos migratorios; dicho fenómeno, aunado a la escasez de investigaciones referentes a los hábitos de salud y prevalencia de enfermedades de la población inmigrante, ha generado un gran interés científico por conocer el desarrollo demográfico de colectivo. Discusión y Conclusiones: Para que la Enfermería promueva la salud a través de la prestación de cuidados de calidad, evitando las conductas de riesgo y potenciando los estilos de vida saludables, considerando aspectos actitudinales y comportamentales del propio paciente es necesario conocer a priori la evolución e impacto del proceso migratorio en nuestro país y continente.

Introduction: Understand migration as a process with different phases or stages associated with specific health problems ranging from initial isolation processes to the problems of identity in the process of settlement, and the knowledge of reality and lifestyles of immigrants as an essential element to enhance and promote their health. Materials and Methods: A search of the literature. Results: Today, Spain is among the main recipients of migration flows, this phenomenon, coupled with the scarcity of research related to health habits and prevalence of diseases of the immigrant population, has generated considerable scientific interest in knowing the development demographic group. Discussion and Conclusions: Therefore, for the Nursing promotes health through the provision of quality care, avoiding risky behaviors and promoting healthy lifestyles, considering attitudinal and behavioral aspects of the patient is necessary to know a priori the evolution and impact of migration in our country and continent.