Eficacia de las medidas de prevención de úlceras por presión en neonatos y niños: revisión sistemática / Efficacy of pressure ulcer prevention measures in newborns and childs: sistematic review

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de los métodos de prevención de úlceras por presión en neonatos y niños. Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática sin metaanálisis de la literatura, para ello se han empleado las principales bases de datos nacionales e internaciones: CINAHL, PubMed, LILACS, CUIDEN plus, Scopus y Cochrane. Se ha elaborado una cadena de búsqueda específica para cada una de ellas. Además, se ha realizado una búsqueda inversa de los artículos incluidos. La búsqueda se ha realizado desde octubre de 2019 hasta febrero de 2020, y se han revisado 574 artículos. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos, se seleccionaron 15 artículos con información relevante para esta revisión. Resultados: Los hallazgos han sido positivos, y han mostrado la eficacia de las medidas de prevención de úlceras por presión en este grupo poblacional en todos los artículos. Estas medidas se han correlacionado negativamente con el desarrollo de úlceras por presión con significación estadística, disminuyendo la incidencia entre un 12 y un 57%. Conclusiones: Es necesario aplicar medidas de prevención de úlceras por presión específicas para neonatos y niños para garantizar una adecuada atención y cuidados de calidad (AU)

Objective: Determining the efficacy of these pressure ulcers prevention measures in relation to child and neonates has been the main aim of this review. Methodology: A systematic review without meta-analyses of the literature has been carried out through the main national and international databases: CINAHL, PubMed, LILACS, CUIDEN plus, Scopus y Cochrane. Nevertheless, a specific string search has been used for each one. Furthermore, an inverse search of the articles included has been done. The search has been carried out from October 2019 to February 2020, being reviewed, in this way, 574 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria established, we select 15 articles which include relevant information for this work. Results: They have been positive, which show, in all the articles studied, the efficacy of pressure ulcers prevention measures in this population. These measures have been correlated negatively with the development of pressure ulcers which have statistical significance, decreasing the incidence between 12% and 57%. Conclusions: Applying pressure ulcers prevention measures, specific for neonates and child, is necessary with the objective of ensuring an adequate service and quality care (AU)

Competencies on environmental health and pedagogical approaches in the nursing curriculum: A systematic review of the literature.

It has been suggested that climate change is the biggest threat to public health for the 21st Century; increased demand on health services will impact on already overstretched resources and systems will need to be able to respond. However limited attention is given to climate change and sustainability in nursing education; there is no clear guidance on curricula content for nurses or recommendations regarding the skills and competencies that will be required. Literature published in Dutch, English, German, and Spanish was searched and 32 papers met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results suggests that holistic/systems thinking is relevant to healthcare so bringing a 'sustainability lens' to nursing curricula could be seen as being consistent with wider determinants of health. The literature review has identified the educational approaches necessary to provide a broad based curriculum and a cross-disciplinary approach. The findings suggest that topics such as the use of resources, food, health promotion, globalism, disease management, and the environmental impact of delivering healthcare, if embedded in nursing education could support the nursing profession's response for this new and important aspect of healthcare.

[Postoperative patient. Treatment plan]. / Paciente postquirúrgico. Plan de cuidados.

In order to prevent problems and complications which patients who have undergone surgery tend to suffer, it is fundamental to utilize a generic standardized treatment plan due to the preventive dimension which nursing care may then acquire. So that this treatment plan provide greater effectiveness, it should include standardized nursing interventions such as those listed in the Classification of Nursing Interventions since by this method, a common terminology is built up among professionals which provides continuity to treatment and facilitates the selection of adequate interventions for each situation. This report establishes the most frequent nursing diagnoses among post-surgical patients and adapts these to the nursing treatments in the Classification of Nursing Interventions.