Polarized thermal emission from dust in a galaxy at redshift 2.6.

Magnetic fields are fundamental to the evolution of galaxies, playing a key role in the astrophysics of the interstellar medium and star formation. Large-scale ordered magnetic fields have been mapped in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies1,2, but it is not known how early in the Universe such structures formed3. Here we report the detection of linearly polarized thermal emission from dust grains in a strongly lensed, intrinsically luminous galaxy that is forming stars at a rate more than 1,000 times that of the Milky Way at redshift 2.6, within 2.5 Gyr of the Big Bang4,5. The polarized emission arises from the alignment of dust grains with the local magnetic field6,7. The median polarization fraction is of the order of 1%, similar to nearby spiral galaxies8. Our observations support the presence of a 5-kiloparsec-scale ordered magnetic field with a strength of around 500 µG or lower, oriented parallel to the molecular gas disk. This confirms that such structures can be rapidly formed in galaxies, early in cosmic history.

Prognostic value of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in diabetic patients and without coronary lesion. / Valor pronóstico de la gammagrafía de perfusión miocárdica en pacientes diabéticos sin lesiones coronarias.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy-gated SPECT in patients with diabetes mellitus and without obstructive coronary artery disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included consecutive patients undergoing adenosine stress-rest myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by 99mTc-tetrofosmin between 2009 and 2011. The patients had diabetes mellitus and coronary angiography without significant coronary lesions. In total, 37 diabetic patients (female/male: 20/17; mean age: 65.2 (range: 40-78). 29 non-diabetic patients were included wich are matched with the group of diabetic patients with positive MPI. The group of non-diabetic patients had scintigraphy with myocardial ischemia and without angiographic lesions. A 36-month clinical follow-up was performed, and major cardiac events were recorded. RESULTS: In 78.3% (29/37) of diabetic patients the scintigraphic study showed myocardial ischemia, while it was negative in the 21.7%. The cardiac event rate in both groups was 6%. In diabetics with a myocardial perfusion study with myocardial ischemia, there were 3 major cardiac events. In diabetic patients with negative study had no cardiac event. In the non-diabetic control group the cardiac events rate was 3.4% (1/29). CONCLUSION: In diabetic patients without obstructive coronary disease, myocardial perfusion study can be predictor of cardiac events. A negative study can be an indicator of a better cardiovascular prognosis.

Utilidad de la tomografía de emisión de positrones / tomografía computarizada con 18F-colina en el manejo terapéutico de pacientes con recidiva bioquímica de adenocarcinoma de próstata tratados con braquiterapia / Usefulness of 18F-Choline Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography in the therapeutic management of patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate adenocarcinoma treated with brachytherapy

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del trabajo fue valorar la utilidad de la PET/TC con 18F-colina en pacientes con cáncer de próstata tratados con braquiterapia en recidiva bioquímica, así como valorar los cambios en el manejo terapéutico derivados de su resultado. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 20 pacientes entre 51 y 78 años, con antecedente de adenocarcinoma de próstata que habían sido tratados con braquiterapia, que presentaban recidiva bioquímica (PSA 3,1-12ng/ml) y estudio de extensión (TC y gammagrafía ósea) sin alteraciones. Los hallazgos visualizados en la PET/TC con 18F-colina fueron correlacionados con la histopatología y/o la evolución del PSA tras la terapia. RESULTADOS: En 15 pacientes la PET/TC con 18F-colina detectó únicamente recidiva local. En 4 pacientes recidiva local y linfática y en un1 paciente afectación local y ósea. La recidiva local detectada en la PET se confirmó anatomopatológicamente en el 85% de los casos. En un paciente los hallazgos visualizados en la PET resultaron ser una prostatitis y en otro paciente no se pudo confirmar. De los pacientes con recidiva local y linfática se confirmó histológicamente la recidiva local en 3 de 4. En el 25% de los pacientes la PET/TC con 18F-colina cambió el manejo terapéutico, desestimando la cirugía de rescate inicialmente prevista en 3 casos, en uno radioterapia y en otro la braquiterapia. CONCLUSIÓN: La PET/TC con 18F-colina podría ser una técnica útil en el grupo de pacientes tratados con braquiterapia con recidiva bioquímica, permitiendo localizar la afectación locorregional y a distancia no detectada con imágenes convencionales, determinando así un manejo terapéutico más adecuado

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of 18F-choline PET/CT in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer patients treated with brachytherapy, as well as to assess the changes in therapeutic management derived from its outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 20 patients between 51 and 78 years old, with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma that had been treated with brachytherapy and presented biochemical recurrence (PSA 3.1-12 ng/ml) and staging tests (CT and bone scan) without alterations, were included. The findings visualized in the PET/CT scan with 18F-choline were correlated with the histopathology and/or the evolution of the PSA after therapy. RESULTS: 18F-choline PET/CT scan only detected local recurrence in 15 patients. Local and regional recurrences were seen in 4 patients, and 1 patient presented local and bone recurrence. Local recurrence detected in PET was confirmed by anatomopathological studies in 85% of the cases. In one patient, these findings (PET scan) turned out to be prostatitis, and it could not be confirmed in another patient. Of the cases with local and regional recurrence, local recurrence was histologically confirmed in 3 out of 4 patients. 18F-choline PET/CT changed the therapeutic management in 25% of the patients, discarding the initially planned salvage surgery in 3 cases, 1 radiotherapy and 1 brachytherapy. CONCLUSION: 18F-choline PET/CT could be a useful technique in the group of patients with biochemical recurrence after brachytherapy, providing locoregional and distant involvement findings which had not been detected with conventional imaging tests, thus determining a more adequate therapeutic management

Usefulness of 18F-Choline Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography in the therapeutic management of patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate adenocarcinoma treated with brachytherapy. / Utilidad de la tomografía de emisión de positrones / tomografía computarizada con 18F-colina en el manejo terapéutico de pacientes con recidiva bioquímica de adenocarcinoma de próstata tratados con braquiterapia.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of 18F-choline PET/CT in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer patients treated with brachytherapy, as well as to assess the changes in therapeutic management derived from its outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 20 patients between 51 and 78 years old, with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma that had been treated with brachytherapy and presented biochemical recurrence (PSA 3.1-12 ng/ml) and staging tests (CT and bone scan) without alterations, were included. The findings visualized in the PET/CT scan with 18F-choline were correlated with the histopathology and/or the evolution of the PSA after therapy. RESULTS: 18F-choline PET/CT scan only detected local recurrence in 15 patients. Local and regional recurrences were seen in 4 patients, and 1 patient presented local and bone recurrence. Local recurrence detected in PET was confirmed by anatomopathological studies in 85% of the cases. In one patient, these findings (PET scan) turned out to be prostatitis, and it could not be confirmed in another patient. Of the cases with local and regional recurrence, local recurrence was histologically confirmed in 3 out of 4 patients. 18F-choline PET/CT changed the therapeutic management in 25% of the patients, discarding the initially planned salvage surgery in 3 cases, 1 radiotherapy and 1 brachytherapy. CONCLUSION: 18F-choline PET/CT could be a useful technique in the group of patients with biochemical recurrence after brachytherapy, providing locoregional and distant involvement findings which had not been detected with conventional imaging tests, thus determining a more adequate therapeutic management.

Aportación de la tomografia por emisión de fotón Simple/tomografía computadorizada a la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en pacientes diagnosticados de melanoma de cabeza y cuello / Role of SPECT-CT in sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients diagnosed with head and neck melanoma

Objetivo. Valorar la aportación de la SPECT-TC a la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (GC) en la correcta localización anatómica de este, en pacientes diagnosticados de melanoma cutáneo de cabeza y cuello. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo entre febrero de 2010 y junio de 2013 que incluyó 22 pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados de melanoma cutáneo de cabeza y cuello (9 mujeres y 13 hombres), con una edad media de 55 años y criterios de inclusión de biopsia selectiva del GC. A todos ellos se les realizó una linfogammagrafía preoperatoria tras la inyección pericicatricial de nanocoloides de albúmina marcados con 99mTc, y posteriormente se obtuvieron imágenes planares sectoriales del lugar de inyección y de cuerpo completo, así como SPECT-TC. Resultados. La tasa de detección del GC fue del 91% (20 de 22 pacientes) para la linfogammagrafía planar y del 95,4% (21 de 22 pacientes) para SPECT-TC. En 14 de 22 pacientes la SPECT-TC mostró información relevante sobre la localización del GC modificando la vía de abordaje quirúrgica, siendo el impacto clínico de un 63,6%. En un 9,1% de los pacientes el GC fue positivo para metástasis de melanoma. Conclusión. La SPECT-TC proporciona información anatómica relevante sobre la localización del GC y detecta un mayor número de ganglios linfáticos que la linfogammagrafía. Se recomienda el uso rutinario de SPECT-TC en la linfogammagrafía del melanoma de cabeza y cuello para optimizar la localización y el número de GC en esta área (AU)

Objective. Assess the role of SPECT-CT in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in the accurate anatomical location of the SNL in patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma. Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted from February 2010 to June 2013 on 22 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous head and neck melanoma (9 female, 13 male), with a mean age of 55 years old and who met the inclusion criteria for SLN biopsy. Patients underwent preoperative scanning after peri-scar injection of 99mTc-labeled-nanocolloid. Planar images of the injection-site, whole-body, and SPECT-CT scanning were acquired. Results. Detection rate of SLN reached up to 91% (20/22 patients) by planar lymphoscintigraphy and 95.4% (21/22 patients) by SPECT-CT. SPECT-CT provided an accurate location of SLN in 14/22 patients, enabling to improve the surgical approach (clinical impact: 63.6%). SLN was positive for metastatic cells in 9.1% patients. Conclusion. SPECT-CT provides detailed anatomical SLN location and allows detecting a higher number of SLN than planar lymphoscintigraphy. Routine use of SPECT-CT is recommended in order to optimise the SLN detection and location in patients with head and neck melanoma (AU)

Role of SPECT-CT in sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients diagnosed with head and neck melanoma.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the role of SPECT-CT in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in the accurate anatomical location of the SNL in patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from February 2010 to June 2013 on 22 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous head and neck melanoma (9 female, 13 male), with a mean age of 55 years old and who met the inclusion criteria for SLN biopsy. Patients underwent preoperative scanning after peri-scar injection of (99m)Tc-labeled-nanocolloid. Planar images of the injection-site, whole-body, and SPECT-CT scanning were acquired. RESULTS: Detection rate of SLN reached up to 91% (20/22 patients) by planar lymphoscintigraphy and 95.4% (21/22 patients) by SPECT-CT. SPECT-CT provided an accurate location of SLN in 14/22 patients, enabling to improve the surgical approach (clinical impact: 63.6%). SLN was positive for metastatic cells in 9.1% patients. CONCLUSION: SPECT-CT provides detailed anatomical SLN location and allows detecting a higher number of SLN than planar lymphoscintigraphy. Routine use of SPECT-CT is recommended in order to optimise the SLN detection and location in patients with head and neck melanoma.

Augmentation with amisulpride for schizophrenic patients non-responsive to risperidone monotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: The combination of antipsychotic drugs is a therapeutic resource in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and security of adding amisulpride in patients who at least partially responded to risperidone. METHODS: A 3-month, open, observational study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of adding amisulpride in subjects who scored at least 25 on the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) after risperidone monotherapy. Patients were evaluated with BPRS, the Clinical Global Impressions Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S) and the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU) at baseline, 1 and 3 months. RESULTS: Coadjuvant treatment with amisulpride achieves a statistically significant improvement in mental status over a period of 3 months when measured with BPRS, CGI and UKU scales. The response rate was 70 (45%) in the oral risperidone and 74 (28%) in the parenteral risperidone groups. DISCUSSION: The addition of amisulpride could lead to an improvement in schizophrenia symptoms in patients that do not, or only partially, respond to risperidone. Further research is required into alternative therapies for poor responders.

Augmentation treatment with amisulpride in schizophrenic patients partially responsive to olanzapine.

OBJECTIVE: The association of antipsychotics is a widespread therapeutic resource in clinical practice. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of amisulpride augmentation in patients responding at least partially to olanzapine. METHODS: In this observational 3-months open-label investigation, we evaluated the effectiveness of the addition of amisulpride to 49 subjects, after having scored at least 25 on the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) following olanzapine monotherapy for 6 weeks. Patients were assessed at baseline, 1 and 3 months using the BPRS, the clinical global impression severity of illness (CGI-S) scale and the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser side effect rating scale (UKU). RESULTS: In subjects who were at least partially responsive to monotherapy with olanzapine, coadjuvant treatment with amisulpride achieved a statistically significant improvement in mental status over a 3 month period as measured by the BPRS, CGI and UKU scales. The response rate (>20% reduction in BPRS score) was 75.51%. CONCLUSIONS: Amisulpride augmentation, in a group of patients partially or non-responsive to olanzapine, may lead to an improvement in schizophrenic symptoms. However, these results are subject to several limitations making it difficult to derive firm clinical recommendations, and underscoring the need for future research into the value of these therapeutic alternatives in poor responders.

Enfisema lobular congénito en un recién nacido a término / Congenital lobar emphysema syndrome in a full term newborn

El enfisema lobular congénito puede presentarse en el periodo neonatal con un cuadro de dificultad respiratoria, o ser diagnosticado en edades avanzadas debido a infecciones respiratorias de repetición. Requiere la realización de un estudio por fibrobroncoscopia para descartar una patología bronquial subsidiaria de corrección. El tratamiento quirúrgico de elección es la lobectomía, si bien en este tipo de malformaciones existe cierta controversia sobre el mejor momento para realizarla (AU)

Congenital lobar emphysema may present itself with infant respiratory distress syndrome in the neonatal period or remain asymptomatic until a more advanced age when recurrent respiratory tract infections occur. A is necessary to discard a bronchial pathology that may receive collateral correction. The best surgical option is to perform a lobectomy, but in this type of malformations controversy exists on the best timing to approach the surgery (AU)

Recién nacido con dificultad respiratoria y desplazamiento del latido cardíaco a la derecha / Neonate with respiratory distress and rightward displacement of the cardiac impulse

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Los cocientes de aminoácidos libres en el líquido amniótico

Las concentraciones de cada uno de los aminoácidos libres en el líquido amniótico se comportan, a medida que avanza el embarazo, de las tres formas posibles, es decir, en la mayoría de los casos las concentraciones tienden a disminuir, en unos pocos permanecen más o menos constantes, y en los menos tienden a aumentar a lo largo del embarazo. En este trabajo se relacionan pares de aminoácidos que presentan comportamientos diferentes, estableciendo concientes entre ellos, con el objetivo de encontrar índices que se correlacionan significativamente con la edad gestacional y evaluar la posible utilidad de dichos índices para la estimación de ésta. Para el estudio se emplearon 58 muestras de líquido amniótico en las cuales se determinó la concentración de aminoácidos libres mediante cromatografía de intercambio iónico. Se presentan tablas y gráficas con los resultados y se discuten los mismos(AU)