RESUMO
Resumen El objetivo es identificar las barreras y facilitadores en el abordaje de la violencia contra las mujeres desde la perspectiva de profesionales de la salud en dos contextos: Cataluña y Costa Rica. Metodología: se trata de un estudio cualitativo comparativo realizado a través de dieciséis entrevistas con profesionales de distintas áreas de la salud con experiencia en violencia contra las mujeres. Se realiza un análisis narrativo de contenido, se recurre a la codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Las categorías son mixtas, se identifican patrones comunes y diferenciales. Resultados: se muestran seis dimensiones que incluyen barreras y facilitadores para el abordaje de la violencia contra las mujeres en el ámbito de la salud. La barrera común es la falta de actividades de promoción y prevención, mientras que los facilitadores son varios: compartir un marco de referencia común sobre la violencia, el género y el paradigma de salud; reconocer a las personas que trabajan en la red de atención; el aprendizaje de nuevas habilidades; el interés y compromiso profesional, y las estrategias de autocuidado. Conclusiones: el conocimiento de los facilitadores y las barreras son útiles para la toma de decisiones para gestores, planificadores y profesionales de la salud que trabajan con las mujeres; la red de atención es un importante soporte para los profesionales asistenciales, y es necesario el trabajo en actividades de promoción y prevención.
Abstract Objective: This study explores varying dimensions in addressing violence against women (VAW) and identifies both barriers and facilitators in addressing violence against women (VAW) with perspective of health professional of two different contexts: Catalonia and Costa Rica. Methodology: it is a qualitative study that was realized by conducting sixteen interviews with professionals from different areas of health and from different fields related to the health sector, all with an expertise in VAW. Results: Show six dimensions that include aspects that function as barriers and facilitators. Our findings indicate common barriers, a lack in consolidation of activities in promotion of prevention of VAW. About facilitators: a shared inter-institutional framework, the recognition of a professional network, the reflection of health paradigms, violence and gender in the care model, the deconstruction of learned practices in one's own formation, and the role of personal interests and motivations in the execution of a professional role and, the self-care of professional working. Conclusion: The knowledge of the barriers and facilitators from a health activity can be useful in decision making for managers, planners, and health professionals as they address VAW in the health field, common, inter-institutional framework that permits recognition of a professional network, and, in this way, constitutes a support system. Activities promoting and preventing VAW have been identified as pending efforts in diminishing VAW.
Assuntos
Humanos , Política Pública , Violência contra a Mulher , Espanha , Costa Rica , Políticas Inclusivas de GêneroRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the content of policies and action plans within the public healthcare system that addresses the issue of violence against women. METHODS: A descriptive and comparative study was conducted on the health policies and plans in Catalonia and Costa Rica from 2005 to 2011. It uses a qualitative methodology with documentary analysis. It is classified by topics that describe and interpret the contents. We considered dimensions, such as principles, strategies, concepts concerning violence against women, health trends, and evaluations. RESULTS: Thirteen public policy documents were analyzed. In both countries' contexts, we have provided an overview of violence against women as a problem whose roots are in gender inequality. The strategies of gender policies that address violence against women are cultural exchange and institutional action within the public healthcare system. The actions of the healthcare sector are expanded into specific plans. The priorities and specificity of actions in healthcare plans were the distinguishing features between the two countries. CONCLUSIONS: The common features of the healthcare plans in both the counties include violence against women, use of protocols, detection tasks, care and recovery for women, and professional self-care. Catalonia does not consider healthcare actions with aggressors. Costa Rica has a lower specificity in conceptualization and protocol patterns, as well as a lack of updates concerning health standards in Catalonia.
Assuntos
Mulheres Maltratadas , Política de Saúde/tendências , Política Pública/tendências , Maus-Tratos Conjugais , Costa Rica , Características Culturais , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE To analyze the content of policies and action plans within the public healthcare system that addresses the issue of violence against women. METHODS A descriptive and comparative study was conducted on the health policies and plans in Catalonia and Costa Rica from 2005 to 2011. It uses a qualitative methodology with documentary analysis. It is classified by topics that describe and interpret the contents. We considered dimensions, such as principles, strategies, concepts concerning violence against women, health trends, and evaluations. RESULTS Thirteen public policy documents were analyzed. In both countries’ contexts, we have provided an overview of violence against women as a problem whose roots are in gender inequality. The strategies of gender policies that address violence against women are cultural exchange and institutional action within the public healthcare system. The actions of the healthcare sector are expanded into specific plans. The priorities and specificity of actions in healthcare plans were the distinguishing features between the two countries. CONCLUSIONS The common features of the healthcare plans in both the counties include violence against women, use of protocols, detection tasks, care and recovery for women, and professional self-care. Catalonia does not consider healthcare actions with aggressors. Costa Rica has a lower specificity in conceptualization and protocol patterns, as well as a lack of updates concerning health standards in Catalonia. .
OBJETIVO Analizar las propuestas sanitarias de las políticas públicas y los planes de salud que abordan la violencia contra las mujeres. MÉTODOS Estudio descriptivo y comparativo de las políticas y planes de salud en Cataluña y Costa Rica del 2005 al 2011. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con análisis documental. Se clasificó por temas comunes y se describieron e interpretaron los contenidos. Se consideraron dimensiones como: principios, estrategias, concepción de violencia contra las mujeres, tendencias en salud y evaluación. RESULTADOS Se analizaron 13 documentos de políticas públicas de género para abordar la violencia contra las mujeres. La desigualdad de género fue concebida como origen de la violencia contra las mujeres en ambos contextos. Las estrategias comunes fueron el cambio cultural y la acción interinstitucional. Las actuaciones sanitarias se ampliaron en planes específicos y en los protocolos y normas de actuación. La prioridad del tema y la especificidad de las actuaciones en los planes de salud fue un rasgo diferenciador entre Cataluña y Costa Rica. CONCLUSIONES Entre los rasgos comunes están la inclusión de la violencia hacia las mujeres en los planes de salud, el uso de protocolos, tareas de detección, atención y recuperación para las mujeres y el autocuidado profesional. Cataluña no contempla acciones sanitarias con agresores. Hay menor especificidad en la conceptualización y en pautas protocolarias así como carencia de actualización de normas sanitarias en Costa Rica con respecto a Cataluña. .