Association of long non-coding RNA and leukemia: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules that structurally resemble mRNA but do not encode proteins. Studies have been associated this class of non-coding RNA with the development of several disease, among them the different types of leukemia. However, the results are contradictory. Thus, we performed a systematic review of the literature available in order to better understand the involvement of lncRNAs in the development of leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pubmed and Embase databases were used to identify all studies that evaluated the expression of one or more lncRNA between human samples (peripheral blood, bone marrow) with leukemia (cases) and without leukemia (controls). RESULTS: A total of 3675 articles were found in the databases, and after exclusion of articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria, 86 articles were included in this systematic review. In the 86 included studies, 3927 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between cases and controls. Among these, 110 lncRNAs were reported as being altered in samples from at least 2 studies and only 16 of them in ≥3 studies, which were selected for further evaluation. Of these, 12 lncRNAs were consistently dysregulated between cases and controls (CCAT1, CCDC26, CRNDE, HOTAIR, KCNQ5IT1, LINC00265, MALAT1, PVT1, SNHG5, TUG1: increased in cases, MEG3 and NEAT1: decreased in cases) in human samples of patients with some type of leukemia. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that 12 lncRNAs are dysregulated in leukemia.

Evaluation of hematological, biochemical parameters and thiol enzyme activity in chrome plating workers.

The most commonly used solution in chrome plating bath is chromic acid (hexavalent Cr), and a considerable amount of mists is released into the air and consequently produce hazards to workers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the biomarker of exposure to metals, specially Cr levels, presents associations with hematological and biochemical parameters and if they can alter the activity of enzymes that contain thiol groups such as pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, adenylate kinase, and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase. Fifty male chrome plating workers were used for exposed group and 50 male non-exposed workers for control group. For that, biological monitoring was performed through quantification of metals on total blood and urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and enzyme activity was performed by spectrometry in erythrocytes. In addition, chromium levels in water was quantified and ecotoxicology assay was performed with Allium cepa test. The results demonstrated that blood and urinary chromium levels in exposed group were higher than the control group (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, decreased activity of enzymes was found in those that contain thiol groups from exposed group when compared with the control group (p < 0.001). The water analysis did not present a statistical difference between control and exposed groups (p > 0.05), demonstrating that water did not seem to be the source of contamination. In summary, our findings indicated some toxicology effects observed in the exposed group, such as thiol enzyme inhibition, mainly associated with occupational exposure in chrome plating and besides the presence of other metals, and Cr demonstrated to influence the activity of the enzymes analyzed in this research.

Prevalência de rubéola nos pacientes atendidos na unidade básica de saúde áurora, Campo Bom, RS / Prevalence of rubella in patients attended at the aurora basic unit health, Campo Bom, RS

Introdução: A rubéola é uma doença exantemática aguda, de origem viral. Sua transmissão ocorre por meio de contato de secreções de vias aéreas de pessoas infectadas ou por transmissão vertical. A síndrome da rubéola congênita (SRC) ocorreem função de infecção materna, durante os três primeiros meses de gestação, quando pode haver a invasão da placenta pelo vírus, com disseminação pelos tecidos embrionários, acarretando aborto espontâneo, natimortos e efeitos congênitos. A determinação dos anticorpos IgG e IgM específicos são muito importantes para o diagnóstico sorológico das infecções pela rubéola congênita pós-natal ou primária. O tratamento é relativo aos sintomas apresentados e o período de gestação da mãe. A vacinação é o procedimentomais eficaz, onde se adquire a munidade, que é duradoura. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de rubéola nos pacientes atendidos na Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), em Campo Bom, no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), e examinar os fatores de risco da doença e susceptibilidade na população estudada. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, utilizando dados de 94 pacientes atendidos na UBS, em Campo Bom (RS), entre maio de 2005 e maio de 2009. Para a realização dos testes, foram coletadas 5 mL de sangue periféricocom o paciente em jejum. Utilizou-se soro para dosar IgG e IgM antirrubéola, através do teste de ELISA. As amostras foram processadas no Laboratório de Biomedicina do Centro Universitário Feevale, em Novo Hamburgo (RS). Resultados: Dos 94 pacientes com faixa etária dos 2 aos 51 anos, 87 (92,5%) eram do sexo feminino, sendo que, 15destes (17,2%) estavam em período gestacional e 7 (7,4%) eram do sexo masculino. Dos pacientes analisados, 89 (94%) apresentaram IgG positivo. Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstrou que a população avaliada pode ter adquirido imunidade através deinfecção primária ou por vacinação, diminuindo, dessa maneira, o contágio nos grupos de risco

Introduction: Rubella is an acute exanthematous disease of viralorigin. It is transmission occurs through contact of airway secretionsof infected people or by vertical transmission. The congenital rubellasyndrome (CRS) occurs due to maternal infection during the first 3months of pregnancy, can occur when the invasion of the placentaby the virus to spread by the embryonic tissues, leading tomiscarriage, stillbirth and birth defects. The determination of IgGand IgM specific are very important for the serological diagnosis ofcongenital rubella infection by postnatal or primary. The treatmentis on the symptoms and the gestation period of the mother. Sincethe vaccination the most effective procedure, which is acquiredimmunity, which is long lasting. Objectives: To assess theprevalence of rubella in patients enrolled in the Basic Health Unitin Campo Bom, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). To examine the riskfactors and disease susceptibility in the population. Methodology:Cross-sectional study using data from 94 patients treated in theBasic Health Unit in Campo Bom (RS) between May 2005 and May2009. For the tests, were collected 5 mL of peripheral blood withthe patient fasting, serum was used for measuring rubella IgG andIgM by ELISA. The samples were processed at the Laboratory ofBiomedicine in the Feevale University Center in Novo Hamburgo(RS). Results: Of 94 patients, aged from 2 to 51, 87 (92.5%) werefemale, and 15 of these (17.2%) are in the gestational period and 7(7.4%) is male. Of the patients studied, 89 (94%) had positive IgGwhich could mean the effectiveness of public awareness of theneed for prevention of rubella. Conclusion: This studydemonstrates that the study population may have acquired immunitythrough primary infection or through vaccination, decreasing thespread of disease in risk groups.

Acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico em pacientes dislipidêmicos de um lar de idosos da cidade de Novo Hamburgo-RS / The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in dyslipidemic patients of a nursing home in Novo Hamburgo city, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: A partir do último século, observou-se aumento na expectativa de vida e na incidência de patologia na população idosa, principalmente doenças crônicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico (AF) em pacientes dislipidêmicos de um lar de idosos da cidade de Novo Hamburgo, RS. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, observacional com delineamento longitudinal retrospectivo, que avaliou 50 pacientes idosos residentes de um lar geriátrico (80,2 ± 7,64 anos, 32 mulheres). Foi avaliado o perfil lipídico desses pacientes (colesterol total, triglicerídeos, HDL e LDL) antes e após AF de um ano. A análise dos resultados ocorreu por meio de estatística descritiva e teste t Student ou U de Mann Whitney para amostras pareadas. RESULTADOS: 56% dos pacientes apresentaram alteração no perfil lipídico no início do estudo e, 30% ao final, ocorrendo significativa melhora após o AF. Além disso, os níveis de colesterol total apresentaram diminuição favorável após um ano de acompanhamento (206 ± 53 vs. 180 ± 43 mg/dL; P = 0,009). A maioria dos pacientes que apresentou diagnóstico de dislipidemia utilizava medicamentos há pelo menos três meses para o tratamento dessa patologia (estatinas e fibratos). A maioria desses pacientes utilizava os medicamentos de forma correta. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que os pacientes tiveram melhora no seu perfil lipídico após um ano de acompanhamento.

INTRODUCTION: Since the last century, life expectancy and the incidence of disease in the elderly have increased, especially chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up(PF) in dyslipidemic patients of a nursing home in Novo Hamburgo city, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODOLOGY: This is a quantitative, observational study with a longitudinal retrospective design, evaluating 50 elderly patients who live in a nursing home (80.2 ± 7.64 years old, 32 women). We assessed the lipid profile of these patients (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL) before and after one-year PF. The analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics and Student t test or U of Mann Whitney test for paired samples. RESULTS: 56% of the patients presented changes in lipid profile in the beginning of the study and 30% one year later, with significant improvement of the lipid profile after the monitoring. Moreover, total cholesterol levels showed a favorable decrease after a year of monitoring (206 ± 53 vs. 180 ± 43 mg/dL; P = 0.009). Most patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia were using drugs, for at least three months, to treat this pathology (statins and fibrates). The majority of these patients used them correctly. CONCLUSIONS: The patients had significant improvement in their lipid profile after one year of monitoring.