Dental and craniofacial alterations in long-term survivors of childhood head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma.

OBJECTIVE: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents the most common soft tissue sarcoma that affects children. Treatment involves chemoradiotherapy. This study aimed at evaluating the long-term alterations to teeth and cranial bones in children, teenagers, and young adults after oncologic treatment. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients undergoing treatment for head and neck RMS between 1988 and 2011. We evaluated demographic, clinical, and treatment data and performed panoramic radiography, cephalometry, and photography. RESULTS: We evaluated 27 long-term survivors, most of whom had been treated between ages 0 to 5 years (51.9%). The total radiation dose applied was 50.4 Gy, and the chemotherapy combination included vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide in 51.9% of the cases. We observed 603 dental alterations, among which 377 (62.7%) occurred in patients ages 0 to 5 years, and root shortening was the most frequent alteration observed (24.2%). With regard to facial bones, 74% of the patients had some level of facial asymmetry, 70.4% had reduced facial depth, 48.4% had mandibles of short size, and 77.8% had reduced facial height. CONCLUSIONS: Children submitted to RMS treatment involving chemotherapy and radiotherapy displayed significant dental and craniofacial alterations, especially when treatment occurred between ages 0 and 5 years.

A proteomic approach to compare saliva from individuals with and without oral leukoplakia.

BACKGROUND: Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder in the oral cavity and can precede carcinoma. This study aimed to identify possible oral leukoplakia salivary biomarkers. METHODS: Unstimulated saliva was collected from participants and protein concentration was determined. Proteins were then precipitated with cold acetone and separated using 2DE over a pH range of 3-10. Spot demarcation and matching were performed and protein identification was done through MS analysis. Oral leukoplakia tissues were submitted to immunohistochemistry analysis for keratin 10 (CK10). A complementary analysis of oral leukoplakias that were not included previously was performed in addition. RESULTS: 226±10 spots were identified in oral leukoplakia 2DE gels, and 262±12 spots were identified in volunteers. Twenty-two spots were highly abundant in oral leukoplakias or not detected in the control group, such as apolipoprotein A1, alpha amylase, cystatins, keratin 10, and lysozyme precursor. All were identified. All oral leukoplakia cases were immunopositive for CK10, mainly in the superficial epithelial layers. CONCLUSIONS: The 2DE salivary protein profiles of individuals with and without oral leukoplakia were observably different. CK10 appears to be an interesting protein and should be further studied in oral carcinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: MS-based proteomics enables large-scale analysis of proteins. Proteomics can provide detailed descriptions of proteomes of cells and tissues, including body fluids, and appears as a powerful tool to study human disorders. Saliva is readily accessible through non invasive collection and can mirror diverse disease states. Saliva from both diseased and healthy subjects can be analyzed through 2DE and differences between groups could be found. Routine immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed one of these findings, with CK10 being positive tissues from individuals with oral leukoplakia. Therefore, the present study allows insights into development of an important potential oral cancer precursor, named oral leukoplakia. However, the results can be extrapolated and tested in other precancer states, such as proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, patients at risk of oral cancer due to lifestyle behavior and/or cancer history in the family or even those who are under surveillance after a treated primary oral cancer.

Rabdomiossarcoma Embrionário: Relato de Caso com 15 Anos de Sobrevida e Revisão de Literatura / Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma: Case Report with a 15-year Survival and Literature Review

O rabdomiossarcoma de cabeça e pescoço é o sarcoma mais comum de tecido mole em crianças. O planejamento do tratamento depende da localização do tumor, extensão da doença e presença ou não de metástases.O tratamento pode causar diversas sequelas tardias na região de cabeça e pescoço, principalmente na cavidade oral. A prevenção e o controle dessas sequelas proporcionam uma melhor qualidade de vida para o paciente. Relato de caso: Este relato descreve um caso de rabdomiossarcoma embrionário parameníngeo em região de parótida diagnosticadoem um paciente do sexo masculino aos 3 anos de idade, tratado com quimioterapia e radioterapia. Esse paciente recebeu atendimento odontológico como parte integrante do tratamento multidisciplinar. Apresentou boa resposta ao tratamento, permanecendo em controle clínico sem evidência de doença por 15 anos. As sequelas tardias em face e cavidade oral do tratamento oncológico foram: fechamento precoce das raízes; rizogênese incompleta em todos os elementos dentários; agenesias dentárias; múltiplos dentes inclusos; hipoplasia dos ossos da face e trismo. Entretanto,teve qualidade de vida satisfatória, com manutenção da capacidade mastigatória, tendo frequentado a escola edesenvolvido um bom convívio social. Conclusão: O rabdomiossarcoma de cabeça e pescoço está associado a sequelas tardias decorrentes tratamento. A abordagem multidisciplinar é importante para a prevenção e o controle das sequelas e obtenção de uma melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes...

The significance of p53 immunoexpression with different clones (DO-7 and PAb-240) in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The TP53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene. Its product is a nuclear protein that regulates cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair. Anti-p53 clones DO-7 and PAb-240 recognize the amino acid sequences 21-25 and 213-217, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of these clones and their relationship with clinicopathological features and survival analysis in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). METHODS: Information on 53 primary OSCC was collected at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute. An immunohistochemical method was applied to evaluate p53 expression (DO-7 and PAb-240). Their expression was analyzed quantitatively and correlated with clinicopathological features. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log rank test were used. RESULTS: Immunopositivity for DO-7 was present in 64% of the cases, while 58% were positive for PAb-240. There was no correlation between immunoexpression of both antibodies and clinicopathological features or survival analysis. DO-7 expression was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that of PAb-240. CONCLUSIONS: There were quantitative differences between the expression of the antibodies studied, which may reflect a different specificity of each one. To confirm immunohistochemical results and estimate the true prognostic role of TP53 in OSCC, it is important to perform mutation analysis.