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1.
Arch Esp Urol ; 74(10): 941-952, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34851309

RESUMO

Urological evaluation is essential to guarantee the success of the kidney transplant. Urologists working within a multidisciplinary team have a crucial role to detect and manage certain recipient urological conditions that could jeopardize the function and survival of the graft.The critical aspects that Urologists should consider in thepre-transplant evaluation would be:- Is renal transplantation surgical technique feasible with assumable risks based on the recipient's baseline characteristics? age, life expectancy, performance status,physical examination...- Is bladder function adequate to properly ensure the urine storage and voiding?- Is there a potentially treatable urinary flow obstruction?- Are there urological pathologies in the recipient that could lead to post-transplant complications that compromise graft survival: functional, infectious, oncological comorbidities…?- Based on the patient's cardiovascular risk factors, arteriosclerosis in the aorto-iliac territory colud put at risk thearterial anastomosis? In this chapter, we will try to explain how the pre-transplant urological evaluation should be guided according to the specific recipient characteristics. We will also explain which pre-transplant surgeries are required to avoid some risky that may compromise the recipient and graft survival after renal transplantation, as well as those should be postponed after transplantation.


La evaluación urológica en el estudio pre-trasplante es una pieza clave para garantizar eléxito del mismo. El papel del urólogo dentro de un equipo multidisciplinar que lleva a cabo esta evaluación es fundamental para detectar y manejar ciertas patologías urológicas del receptor que podrían poner en riesgo la función y supervivencia del injerto. Los puntos clave que el urólogo debe tratar en la consulta pretrasplante serían:- ¿La técnica quirúrgica del trasplante renal es viable con riesgos asumibles en base a las características basales del receptor? Edad biológica, esperanza de vida ,estado basal, exploración física…- ¿La función vesical es adecuada para asegurar un correcto almacenaje de la orina y una adecuada excreción de la misma?- ¿Existe una obstrucción al flujo urinario potencialmente tratable?- ¿Existen en el receptor patologías urológicas que puedan conllevar complicaciones en el post-trasplante que comprometan la función y supervivencia del injerto?:funcionales, infecciosas, oncológicas…- ¿En base a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular del paciente, podría existir una arteriosclerosis en el territorioaorto-iliaco que impida una anastomosis arterial congarantías? En este capítulo, trataremos de exponer cómo debemos orientar la consulta pre-trasplante desde el punto de vista urológico, comenzando por el estudio básico hasta el estudio más específico en base a características concretas del receptor. Además, expondremos cuáles son las cirugías pre-trasplante requeridas para eliminar condiciones de riesgo presentes en el potencial receptor que puedan comprometer la supervivencia del mismo y del injerto tras el trasplante renal así como, aquellos procedimientos programados indicados tras el trasplante.


Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Doenças Urológicas , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Rim
2.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(10): 941-952, Dic 28, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219465

RESUMO

La evaluación urológica en el estudiopre-trasplante es una pieza clave para garantizar eléxito del mismo. El papel del urólogo dentro de un equipo multidisciplinar que lleva a cabo esta evaluación esfundamental para detectar y manejar ciertas patologíasurológicas del receptor que podrían poner en riesgo lafunción y supervivencia del injerto.Los puntos clave que el urólogo debe tratar en la consulta pretrasplante serían:- ¿La técnica quirúrgica del trasplante renal es viablecon riesgos asumibles en base a las características basales del receptor? Edad biológica, esperanza de vida,estado basal, exploración física...- ¿La función vesical es adecuada para asegurar un correcto almacenaje de la orina y una adecuada excreción de la misma? - ¿Existe una obstrucción al flujo urinario potencialmentetratable?- ¿Existen en el receptor patologías urológicas que puedan conllevar complicaciones en el post-trasplante quecomprometan la función y supervivencia del injerto?:funcionales, infecciosas, oncológicas...- ¿En base a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular delpaciente, podría existir una arteriosclerosis en el territorio aorto-iliaco que impida una anastomosis arterial congarantías?En este capítulo, trataremos de exponer cómo debemosorientar la consulta pre-trasplante desde el punto de vista urológico, comenzando por el estudio básico hasta el estudio más específico en base a característicasconcretas del receptor. Además, expondremos cuálesson las cirugías pre-trasplante requeridas para eliminarcondiciones de riesgo presentes en el potencial receptorque puedan comprometer la supervivencia del mismo ydel injerto tras el trasplante renal así como, aquellos procedimientos programados indicados tras el trasplante.(AU)


Urological evaluation is essential to guarantee the success of the kidney transplant. Urologistsworking within a multidisciplinary team have a crucialrole to detect and manage certain recipient urologicalconditions that could jeopardize the function and survival of the graft.The critical aspects that Urologists should consider in thepre-transplant evaluation would be - Is renal transplantation surgical technique feasible withassumable risks based on the recipient’s baseline characteristics? age, life expectancy, performance status,physical examination...- Is bladder function adequate to properly ensure theurine storage and voiding?- Is there a potentially treatable urinary flow obstruction?- Are there urological pathologies in the recipient thatcould lead to post-transplant complications that compromise graft survival: functional, infectious, oncologicalcomorbidities...?- Based on the patient’s cardiovascular risk factors, arteriosclerosis in the aorto-iliac territory colud put at risk thearterial anastomosis?In this chapter, we will try to explain how the pre-transplant urological evaluation should be guided accordingto the specific recipient characteristics.We will also explain which pre-transplant surgeries arerequired to avoid some risky that may compromise therecipient and graft survival after renal transplantation, aswell as those should be postponed after transplantation.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transplante de Rim , Obstrução Ureteral , Sistema Urinário , Nefrectomia , Neoplasias Urológicas , Urologia , Doenças Urológicas
3.
Rev. int. androl. (Internet) ; 19(1): 49-52, ene.-mar. 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-201670

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Adverse effects in the sexual sphere are common in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Climacturia, involuntary loss of urine during orgasm, occurs in 20-40% of cases after PR. We analyse its prevalence and associated risk factors after Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). OBJECTIVES: We analyse the climacturia prevalence after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) and the association with other related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 100 patients underwent PRLAR from May 2011 to July 2014. After excluding patients who received radiotherapy after surgery (17), those who did not have sexual activity (7) and those with whom it could not be possible contacted (14), a structured telephone interview was conducted in 62 patients, investigating: presence and intensity of climacturia, orgasmic quality, incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED). Other factors analysed included neurovascular preservation and rehabilitative treatment for ED. The statistical analysis consisted of Chi2test and logistic regression to evaluate associated factors. RESULTS: The mean age was 56 vs 59 years and the mean follow-up time was 26.6 vs 20.3 months, in the group with climacturia and without climacturia, respectively. The prevalence of climacturia was 17.9% (slight leaks-82% and severe leaks-18%). In 37% of these patients occurred in all orgasms. The quality of orgasm after surgery was worse in 47%, better in 13% and equal in 40%. The quality of the orgasm worsened more frequently in the climacturia group (63% vs 37%). The urinary incontinence rate was 41%, always effort incontinence. It was more frequent in patients with climacturia (62% vs 38%). In all patients with climacturia, bilateral neurovascular bundles preservation was performed. 32% of the patients had undergone post-surgical erectile rehabilitation with oral drugs. No statistically significant differences were found between patients with or without climacturia respect to the parameters analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Climacturia rate after PRLAR in our series was 17.9%. Patients with climacturia presented worse quality orgasms and a higher incontinence rate (p> 0.05). None of the analysed parameters could be defined as predictors of climacturia


INTRODUCCIÓN: Los efectos adversos en la esfera sexual son comunes en pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical (PR). La climaturia, pérdida involuntaria de orina durante el orgasmo, se presenta en un 20-40% de casos tras PR. Analizamos su prevalencia y asociación con otros factores relacionados tras prostatectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por robot (PRLAR). OBJETIVOS: Analizamos la prevalencia de climaturia tras PRLAR y su asociación con otros posibles factores riesgo relacionados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 100 pacientes, sometidos a PRLAR desde mayo-2011 a julio-2014. Tras excluir a pacientes que recibieron radioterapia tras la cirugía (17), a los que no tenían actividad sexual (7) y aquellos con los que no se pudo contactar (14), se realizó entrevista telefónica estructurada a 62 pacientes, indagando sobre: presencia e intensidad de climaturia, calidad orgásmica, incontinencia y disfunción eréctil (DE). Otros factores analizados incluyeron la preservación neurovascular y el tratamiento rehabilitador para DE. El análisis estadístico consistió en prueba de Chi2 y regresión logística para evaluar factores asociados. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue 56 vs 59 años y el tiempo medio de seguimiento de 26,6 vs 20,3 meses, en el grupo con climaturia y sin climaturia respectivamente. La prevalencia de climaturia fue del 17.9% (pérdidas leves el 82% y severas el 18%). En el 37% de estos pacientes ocurrió en todos los orgasmos. La calidad del orgasmo tras cirugía fue peor en el 47%, mejor en el 13% e igual en el 40%. La calidad del orgasmo empeoró con más frecuencia en el grupo con climaturia (63% vs 37%). La tasa de incontinencia urinaria fue del 41%, siempre de esfuerzo. Fue más frecuente en pacientes con climaturia (62% vs 38%). El 68% de los pacientes usaba fármacos para DE. En todos los pacientes con climaturia se realizó preservación nerviosa bilateral. El 32% de los pacientes habían realizado rehabilitación eréctil postquirúrgica con fármacos orales. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes con o sin climaturia respecto a los parámetros analizados. CONCLUSIONES: La tasa de climaturia tras PRLAR en nuestra serie fue del 17,9%. Los pacientes con climaturia presentaron orgasmos de peor calidad y una tasa de incontinencia superior (p > 0,05). Ninguno de los parámetros analizados pudieron definirse como factores predictivos de climaturia


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Incontinência Urinária/etiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Disfunção Erétil/diagnóstico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Prostatectomia/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Retrospectivos , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Erétil/reabilitação
4.
Rev Int Androl ; 19(1): 49-52, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32147377

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Adverse effects in the sexual sphere are common in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Climacturia, involuntary loss of urine during orgasm, occurs in 20-40% of cases after PR. We analyse its prevalence and associated risk factors after Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). OBJECTIVES: We analyse the climacturia prevalence after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) and the association with other related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 100 patients underwent PRLAR from May 2011 to July 2014. After excluding patients who received radiotherapy after surgery (17), those who did not have sexual activity (7) and those with whom it could not be possible contacted (14), a structured telephone interview was conducted in 62 patients, investigating: presence and intensity of climacturia, orgasmic quality, incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED). Other factors analysed included neurovascular preservation and rehabilitative treatment for ED. The statistical analysis consisted of Chi2test and logistic regression to evaluate associated factors. RESULTS: The mean age was 56 vs 59 years and the mean follow-up time was 26.6 vs 20.3 months, in the group with climacturia and without climacturia, respectively. The prevalence of climacturia was 17.9% (slight leaks-82% and severe leaks-18%). In 37% of these patients occurred in all orgasms. The quality of orgasm after surgery was worse in 47%, better in 13% and equal in 40%. The quality of the orgasm worsened more frequently in the climacturia group (63% vs 37%). The urinary incontinence rate was 41%, always effort incontinence. It was more frequent in patients with climacturia (62% vs 38%). In all patients with climacturia, bilateral neurovascular bundles preservation was performed. 32% of the patients had undergone post-surgical erectile rehabilitation with oral drugs. No statistically significant differences were found between patients with or without climacturia respect to the parameters analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Climacturia rate after PRLAR in our series was 17.9%. Patients with climacturia presented worse quality orgasms and a higher incontinence rate (p> 0.05). None of the analysed parameters could be defined as predictors of climacturia.


Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil , Laparoscopia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Robótica , Incontinência Urinária , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária/etiologia
5.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(6): 541-545, jul.-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195929

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Nuestro objetivo es analizar la calidad de la información disponible en YouTube acerca de la disfunción eréctil. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda en YouTube usando los términos "Problemas de Erección" (PE), "Impotencia" (I) y "Disfunción Eréctil" (DE); incluimos los 60 primeros vídeos para cada uno de ellos. Dos urólogos revisaron de forma independiente los videos clasificándolos en "Basados en evidencia científica" (BEC) y "No basados en evidencia científica" (NBEC) según la bibliografía actual. Se describen y comparan el número de visitas, la duración, el tiempo publicado, la información médica y el origen de cada vídeo por grupos. RESULTADOS: Analizamos 147 videos tras eliminar los repetidos y no concordantes. El índice Kappa fue 0,89 (IC95% 0,82-0,96). El 37% se consideraron BEC y el 63% NBEC. La mediana de reproducciones en el grupo BEC fue 24.356 (rango 96-126.410) y 44.416 entre los NBEC (190-10.318.642), siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. La mediana de duración fue 254 segundos (46-984) y 228 segundos (23-2.880) respectivamente; la mediana de tiempo publicado fue de 42 meses en los BEC (16-103) y de 29 en los NBEC (11-134). El 83% de los vídeos BEC provenían de webs de salud y programas de televisión, mientras que el 58% de los NBEC procedían de blogs. Los vídeos BEC trataban más de fisiopatología, etiología, disfunción endotelial, diagnóstico y tratamiento frente a los NBEC (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: Del total de videos revisados, el 37% se consideraron BEC. Los videos NBEC se reprodujeron más veces que los BEC


OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study is to stablish the scientific quality of the available information in YouTube about erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched on YouTube three terms ("Problemas de Erección" (PE), "Impotencia" (I) y "Disfunción Eréctil" (DE)). The sixteen first videos from each term were selected for the analysis. Two independent urologists reviewed all videos and classified all of them in scientific evidence-based (SEB) or not scientific evidence-based (NSEB) according to the current literature. In the subgroup analysis we compare: number of visits, duration, time of publication, source and type of information. RESULTS: After excluding the repeated links and non-concordant videos between both urologists, we analysed 147 videos. The Kappa statistic was 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.96). 37% were considered SEB and 63% were considered NSEB. The median of reproductions in the SEB group was 24.356 (96-126.410) and 44.416 for NSEB (190-10.318.642); this difference was statistically significant. The median duration was 254 seconds (46-984) for the SEB group and 228 seconds for the NSEB (23-2.880); the median time of publication was 42 (16-103) months for the SEB group and 29 (11- 134) months for the other one. 83% of SEB videos were published in health networks and television programs, while 58% of NSEB were published in user blogs. The SEB videos show more information about pathophysiology, aetiology, endothelial dysfunction, diagnosis and treatment than NSEB (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: 37% of the videos were considered SEB. The NSEB videos were significantly more played than SEB group


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Webcasts como Assunto , Mídias Sociais , Disseminação de Informação , Gravação em Vídeo , Disfunção Erétil , Webcasts como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos
7.
Arch Esp Urol ; 73(6): 541-545, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32633249

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study is to stablish the scientific quality of the available information in YouTube about erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched on YouTube thrree terms ("Problemas de Erección" (PE), "Impotencia"(I) y "Disfunción Eréctil" (DE)). The sixteen first videos from each term were selected for the analysis. Two independent urologists reviewed all videos and classified all of them in scientific evidence-based (SEB) or not scientific evidence-based (NSEB) according to the current literature. In the subgroup analysis we compare: number of visits, duration, time of publication, source and type of information. RESULTS: After excluding the repeated links and non-concordant videos between both urologists, we analysed 147 videos. The Kappa statistic was 0.89 (95% CI0.85-0.96). 37% were considered SEB and 63% were considered NSEB. The median of reproductions in the SEB group was 24.356 (96-126.410) and 44.416 for NSEB (190-10.318.642); this difference was statistically significant. The median duration was 254 seconds(46-984) for the SEB group and 228 seconds for the NSEB (23-2.880); the median time of publication was 42 (16-103) months for the SEB group and 29 (11-134) months for the other one. 83% of SEB videos were published in health networks and television programs,while 58% of NSEB were published in user blogs. The SEB videos show more information about pathophysiology,aetiology, endothelial dysfunction, diagnosis and treatment than NSEB (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: 37% of the videos were consideredSEB. The NSEB videos were significantly more playedthan SEB group.


OBJETIVO: Nuestro objetivo es analizar la calidad de la información disponible en YouTube acerca de la disfunción eréctil.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda en YouTube usando los términos "Problemas de Erección" (PE), "Impotencia" (I) y "Disfunción Eréctil" (DE); incluimos los 60 primeros vídeos para cada uno de ellos. Dos urólogos revisaron de forma independiente los videos clasificándolos en "Basados en evidenciacientífica" (BEC) y "No basados en evidencia científica" (NBEC) según la bibliografía actual. Se describen y comparan el número de visitas, la duración, el tiempo publicado, la información médica y el origen de cada vídeo por grupos. RESULTADOS: Analizamos 147 videos tras eliminar los repetidos y no concordantes. El índice Kappa fue 0,89 (IC95% 0,82-0,96). El 37% se consideraron BEC y el 63% NBEC. La mediana de reproducciones en el grupo BEC fue 24.356 (rango 96-126.410) y 44.416 entre los NBEC (190-10.318.642), siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. La mediana de duración fue 254 segundos (46-984) y 228 segundos(23-2.880) respectivamente; la mediana de tiempo publicado fue de 42 meses en los BEC (16-103) y de 29 en los NBEC (11-134). El 83% de los vídeos BEC provenían de webs de salud y programas de televisión,mientras que el 58% de los NBEC procedían de blogs.Los vídeos BEC trataban más de fisiopatología, etiología,disfunción endotelial, diagnóstico y tratamiento frente a los NBEC (p<0,001).CONCLUSIÓN: Del total de videos revisados, el 37% se consideraron BEC. Los videos NBEC se reprodujeron más veces que los BEC.


Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil , Mídias Sociais , Humanos , Masculino , Gravação em Vídeo
8.
Arch Esp Urol ; 67(3): 269-75, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24840592

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The choice of ideal treatment for a given lithiasis is a crucial factor for its success, minimizing the number of interventions and complications. Previous determination of stone composition and its fragility is desirable, to predict its behavior during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and for evaluation of its appropriateness, or to set the indication for other techniques. OBJETIVES: To determine the role of densitometry in the prediction of composition and fragility of urinary lithiasis undergoing SWL. METHODS: Experimental prospective, blinded, in vitro study using 193 urinary calculi of known composition : monohydrated calcium oxalate, mixed calcium oxalate, uric acid, and calcium carbonate, obtained from spontaneous passage or surgery. Densitometry and SWL were performed on them. We compare the mineral composition of the stone and mineral density of each composition group to check if they are characteristic of each type and correlate these parameters with the energy dose required to fragment them down to a given fragment size. RESULTS: Only 53 out of 193 stones showed valuable data. Calcium carbonate was the composition showing grater mineral content and density (1,24 gr and 0,47 gr/cm2), followed by mixed oxalate (0,51/0,26) and uric acid (0,52/ 0,15), finishing with the monohydrate calcium oxalate group (0,32/0,05).Only the comparison between calcium carbonate and monohydrated calcium oxalate showed statistically significant results (p<0,05). Correlation coefficients between mineral content (0,347) and density (0,424) and the energy used for stone fragmentation to a given fragment size were statistically significant (p<0,05) CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the use of densitometry to determine stone composition and lithiasic fragility did not show conclusive results due to the limited number of calculi tested. Nevertheless, there are signs that, with a different study design , more practically useful results could be achieved.


Assuntos
Densitometria , Testes de Dureza/métodos , Cálculos Urinários/química , Carbonato de Cálcio/análise , Oxalato de Cálcio/análise , Técnicas de Química Analítica , Dureza , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Litotripsia , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Simples-Cego , Ácido Úrico/análise , Urolitíase/metabolismo , Urolitíase/terapia
9.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 67(3): 269-276, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-121830

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La elección del tipo de tratamiento ideal para una determinada litiasis es un factor crucial para el éxito del mismo, minimizando el número de intervenciones y complicaciones. Es deseable la determinación a priori de la composición de la litiasis y de su fragilidad, para predecir su comportamiento durante el tratamiento con litotricia extracorpórea (LEOC) y valorar la idoneidad de este, o si se deben emplear otras técnicas. OBJETIVO: Determinar el papel de la densitometría en la predicción de la composición y fragilidad de litiasis que van a ser tratadas con LEOC.MÉTODOS: Estudio experimental, in vitro, prospectivo, y ciego, realizado empleando 193 cálculos urinarios de composición conocida: oxalato cálcico monohidrato (OCM), oxalato cálcico mixtos, ácido úrico y carbonato de apatita, obtenidos mediante expulsión espontánea o cirugía. Éstos son sometidos a densitometría y litotricia extracorpórea. Comparamos el contenido mineral de la litiasis y la densidad mineral de la litiasis de cada grupo de composición para comprobar si son características propias de cada tipo, y correlacionamos estos parámetros con la dosis de energía necesaria para la fragmentación hasta una conminución definida. RESULTADOS: Sólo 53 de los 193 cálculos arrojaron datos que pudiesen ser valorados. Carbonato de apatita ha sido la composición que ha mostrado un mayor contenido y densidad mineral (1,24 gr y 0,47 gr/cm2), seguido de los mixtos de oxalato (0,51/0,26) y úrico (0,52/ 0,15), finalizando con el grupo OCM (0,32/0,05). Sólo la comparación carboapatita-OCM mostró resultados estadísticamente significativos (p<0,05). Los coeficientes de correlación entre contenido (0,347) y densidad mineral (0,424) y la energía empleada para la fragmentación litiásica hasta la conminución definida presentaron significación estadística (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro estudio el empleo de la densitometría para determinar la composición y fragilidad litiásica no ha mostrado resultados concluyentes dada la escasez de cálculos detectados. Se aprecian no obstante indicios de que, con un diseño diferente, podrían conseguirse resultados de mayor utilidad práctica


INTRODUCTION: The choice of ideal treatment for a given lithiasis is a crucial factor for its success, minimizing the number of interventions and complications. Previous determination of stone composition and its fragility is desirable, to predict its behavior during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and for evaluation of its appropriateness, or to set the indication for other techniques. OBJETIVES: To determine the role of densitometry in the prediction of composition and fragility of urinary lithiasis undergoing SWL. METHODS: Experimental prospective, blinded, in vitro study using 193 urinary calculi of known composition: monohydrated calcium oxalate, mixed calcium oxalate, uric acid, and calcium carbonate, obtained from spontaneous passage or surgery. Densitometry and SWL were performed on them. We compare the mineral composition of the stone and mineral density of each composition group to check if they are characteristic of each type and correlate these parameters with the energy dose required to fragment them down to a given fragment size. RESULTS: Only 53 out of 193 stones showed valuable data. Calcium carbonate was the composition showing grater mineral content and density (1,24 gr and 0,47 gr/cm2), followed by mixed oxalate (0,51/0,26) and uric acid ((0,52/ 0,15), finishing with the monohydrate calcium oxalate group (0,32/0,05). Only the comparison between calcium carbonate and monohydrated calcium oxalate showed statistically significant results (p<0,05). Correlation coefficients between mineral content (0,347) and density (0,424) and the energy used for stone fragmentation to a given fragment size were statistically significant (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the use of densitometry to determine stone composition and lithiasic fragility did not show conclusive results due to the limited number of calculi tested. Nevertheless, there are signs that, with a different study design, more practically useful results could be achieved


Assuntos
Humanos , Densitometria/métodos , Urolitíase/diagnóstico , Cálculos Renais/ultraestrutura , Apatitas/análise , Oxalatos/análise , Minerais/análise
10.
Urolithiasis ; 41(6): 517-22, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23913111

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The lithiasic size is a determining factor in selecting the most suitable treatment, surgical or medical. However, the method for obtaining a reliable lithiasic size is not standardized. Our objetives are to determine the differences between the estimated lithiasic sizes shown by plain radiography test and by computerized axial tomography (CT) scan (using different techniques) in relation to the actual size, and to establish which is the ideal type of imaging for this purpose. We present an in vitro model with lithiasis obtained in cooperation with four centers. INCLUSION CRITERIA: lithiasis >0.5 cm, intact, and visible via simple radiography. A sample of 245 lithiases was obtained, with 87 rejected as they did not fulfill the inclusion criteria. Initially the three main actual diameters of each lithiasis were measured with a calibrator, then a plain X-ray and a CT scan were taken of the samples to determine the surface size in cm(2) for simple radiography; surface size and volume in cm(3) for CT scan, in bone window and soft tissue (Toshiba Aquillion 64, sections of 0.5 mm, 120 Kv, 250 mA). The tomographic area was calculated by employing the formula recommended by the European Association of Urology and scanner software. The actual, radiographic and tomographic measurements were taken by three different researchers who were unaware of the results obtained by the each other. The statistics program IBM SPSS Statistics(®) 19 was used. Differences were analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign test. The bone window CT scan slightly overestimated the actual lithiasic size (0.12 vs. 0.17 cm(3)), while in soft tissue window the actual volume was practically doubled (0.12 vs. 0.21 cm(3)) (p < 0.05). We did not find statistically significant differences in the comparison between actual surface size (0.39 cm(2)) and bone window CT scan size when using the EAU formula or scanner software (0.36/0.37 cm(2)). Resulting measurements in soft tissue window tended to significantly overestimate the surface size, although only slightly (0.42/0.44 cm(2)), whilst the plain radiography underestimated it slightly but significantly (0.37 cm(2)). CT scan, using the bone window, is the technical methodology with which the greatest in vitro accuracy in which actual lithiasis measurements can be estimated, although the craniocaudal diameter measurement will be overestimated. Using soft tissue window gives an overestimated size.


Assuntos
Litíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Humanos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/métodos , Padrões de Referência , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos
11.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(9): 883-890, nov. 2011. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-92327

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación existente entre trombocitosis y hematocrito prequirúrgicos y supervivencia en nuestra serie de pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente por adenocarcinoma renal.MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo con análisis descriptivo estadístico de 139 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en nuestro servicio en los últimos 4 años por adenocarcinoma renal. 116 (83,45%) presentaban al diagnóstico un estadio clínico localizado, y 23 (16,54%) un estadio localmente avanzado o metastásico. Fueron recogidos datos relativos a tiempo de seguimiento y supervivencia, características iconográficas e histológicas del tumor y parámetros analíticos. Los datos fueron analizados con estadístico SPSS.RESULTADOS: El recuento plaquetario medio previo a la intervención quirúrgica fue de 260930 cels/mm3. El hematocrito medio prequirúrgico fue de 41,10%. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa (p=0,04) entre el recuento plaquetario al diagnóstico y la supervivencia. Pacientes con recuentos plaquetarios superiores a 350000/mm3 presentaban una supervivencia más baja (OR: 2,94; IC 95% 1,04- 8,27). Se objetivó una relación significativa (p=0,049) entre el hematocrito al diagnóstico y la supervivencia. A mayor hematocrito disminuyó el riesgo de muerte (OR: 0,92; IC 95% 0,85- 0,99). La supervivencia global en nuestro grupo fue del 88,4%. El análisis multivariante de la misma no arrojó datos estadísticamente significativos debido al escaso número de éxitus.CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de recuentos plaquetarios elevados o niveles de hematocrito bajos al diagnóstico se relacionan, en esta serie y de forma no independiente, con una disminución de la supervivencia en nuestro grupo de pacientes intervenidos por adenocarcinoma renal. Serían necesarios estudios con mayor seguimiento y muestras más amplias para aseverar estos hallazgos(AU)


OBJECTIVE: To examine the connection between preoperative thrombocytosis and hematocrit and survival in a group of patients operated for renal cell carcinoma.METHODS: Retrospective study with descriptive and statistical analysis of 139 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated surgically over the last 4 years in our Urology clinical unit. 116 (83,45%) were diagnosed at a localized clinical stage, whereas 23 (16,54%) presented as locally advanced or metastatic disease. We collected data about survival and time on surveillance, imaging and histological characteristics of the tumor and analytical parameters. Data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical software.RESULTS: The average platelet count and hematocrit before surgery were 260,930 cells/mm3 and 41.10%, respectively. We found a statistical correlation between platelet count at the time of diagnosis and survival. Patients with platelet counts higher than 350,000 cells/mm3 had a poor survival (OR: 2.94; CI 95% 1.04- 8.27). We also found that patients with high hematocrit at diagnosis presented a lower risk of death (OR: 0.92; CI 95% 0.85- 0.99). The global survival at the end of the study was 88.4%. Multivariate analysis did not show any significant result because of the low number of deaths.CONCLUSION: The presence of high platelet count or low hematocrit correlate with poor survival in a group of surgically treated renal cell carcinoma patients. Nevertheless more studies with longer surveillance and higher number of patients are needed(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Laparoscopia/métodos , Urolitíase/cirurgia , /estatística & dados numéricos , Litotripsia , /estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia
12.
Arch Esp Urol ; 59(9): 902-5, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17190214

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the case of the patient with history of Crohn's disease presenting metastatic extension to the penile foreskin. METHODS: Circumcision was carried out and the skin was sent to the pathology department. RESULTS: Pathologic study of the specimen showed an ulcerated granuloma without caseum, typically associated with metastatic Crohn's disease. After one year of follow-up there is no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Crohn's disease is a disease of unknown origin, the main characteristic of which is the development of non necrotizing granulomas that may involved not only the gastrointestinal tract. When the extraintestinal involvement is not produced by continuity we call it metastatic disease. Such metastases may be found in the genitourinary tract, and other sites. This involvement may include lithiasis, amyloidosis, ... and the presence of lesions in the genital skin, as in our case.


Assuntos
Doença de Crohn/complicações , Prepúcio do Pênis , Doenças do Pênis/etiologia , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças do Pênis/patologia , Doenças do Pênis/cirurgia
13.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(9): 902-905, nov. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-052194

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describimos el caso de un paciente con antecedentes de enfermedad de Crohn que presenta extensión metastásica de su enfermedad en la piel prepucial. MÉTODOS: Se decide circuncisión del paciente y se envía la piel prepucial al servicio de anatomía patológica de nuestro hospital. RESULTADOS: En el análisis histológico de la pieza aparece granuloma no caseificante con ulceración, propio de la enfermedad de Crohn metastásica. Tras un año de seguimiento no se aprecia recidiva. CONCLUSIONES: La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una entidad de origen desconocido cuya característica principal es la formación de granulomas no necrotizantes que pueden afectar no sólo al tracto gastrointestinal. Cuando esta afectación extradigestiva no se produce por continuidad nos encontramos frente a la enfermedad de Crohn metastásica. Estas metástasis, pueden encontrarse, entre otras localizaciones, en el aparato genitourinario. Esta afectación incluye litiasis, amiloidosis, … y la aparición de lesiones en la piel genital, como en nuestro caso


OBJECTIVE: To describe the case of the patient with history of Crohn’s disease presenting metastatic extension to the penile foreskin. METHODS: Circumcision was carried out and the skin was sent to the pathology department. RESULTS: Pathologic study of the specimen showed an ulcerated granuloma without caseum, typically associated with metastatic Crohn’s disease. After one year of follow-up there is no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Crohn’s disease is a disease of unknown origin, the main characteristic of which is the development of non necrotizing granulomas that may involved not only the gastrointestinal tract. When the extraintestinal involvement is not produced by continuity we call it metastatic disease. Such metastases may be found in the genitourinary tract, and other sites. This involvement may include lithiasis, amyloidosis,... and the presence of lesions in the genital skin, as in our case


Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Doença de Crohn/patologia , Pênis/patologia , Granuloma/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial
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