Effect of defatting on quality of meat and bone meal.

Meat and bone meal (MBM), a type of protein feed source, with high nutritional value, has been widely used as feed in China. In order to study the effect of defatting on the quality of MBM, MBM were defatted by hexane, and their basic nutritional components, color, flavor, protein characteristics, freshness indexes before and after defatting, were investigated. The crude protein content of the defatted MBM was increased from 54.5% to 61.2%, lysine content increased from 1.83 to 1.96%, pure protein content and in vitro digestibility of MBM were increased to 50.7% and 90.45%, respectively. Acid value decreased from 9.0 to 2.6 mg potassium hydroxide/g, and the color and flavor were also improved after defatting. Furthermore, volatile basic nitrogen content decreased from 60 to 40 mg/100 g and histamine content did not change significantly (decreasing from 20.1 to 19.6 mg/kg). Therefore, defatting treatment was good for the quality improvement of MBM.

L1, ß-catenin, and E-cadherin expression in patients with colorectal cancer: correlation with clinicopathologic features and its prognostic significance.

OBJECTIVE: Currently, there are no clinically used/routine biomarkers that accurately predict whether colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will or will not respond to adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate L1, ß-catenin, and E-cadherin expression in patients with CRC and their relationship to tumor progression, and to identify patients who will respond to chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 142 patients who underwent surgical treatment for CRC were chosen retrospectively. The samples from these patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. SPSS-14 program package was used for statistical calculation. RESULTS: Expression of L1, ß-catenin, and E-cadherin were found to be strongly associated with invasion and metastasis of CRC. Cox multivariate analysis results indicated that L1 expression and stage of Dukes could be considered as the independent prognostic factors for survival. Furthermore, our study found that the 5-year survival rate was the significantly associated with the expression of L1, ß-catenin (normal and ectopic expression), and E-cadherin for Dukes' stage B (P < 0.01) patients. However, no such result was found for Dukes' stage A (P > 0.05) and C (P > 0.05) patients. CONCLUSION: Our study provided reference for identifying patients who need adjuvant chemotherapy. L1, ß-catenin, and E-cadherin could be considered as biomarkers to predict whether CRC patients will or will not respond to adjuvant chemotherapy.