Social media addiction and academic engagement as serial mediators between social anxiety and academic performance among college students.

BACKGROUND: Social anxiety has been shown to affect college students' academic performance. However, the role of social media addiction and academic engagement in this association is unclear. METHODS: A total 2661 college students completed a self-report questionnaire including Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Utrecht Student Work Engagement Scale for Students, and the grade point average. Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS was employed to test the serial mediation effect. RESULTS: Results indicated that social anxiety was negatively related to academic performance, only academic engagement played a single mediating role in the relationship between social anxiety and academic performance, meanwhile social media addiction and academic engagement acted as serial mediators between social anxiety on academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Social media addiction and academic engagement can explain the potential mechanisms of the association between social anxiety and academic performance, which have implications for devising intervention strategies to enhance the mental health and academic outcomes of college students.

Association of Childhood Adversity With Frailty and the Mediating Role of Unhealthy Lifestyle: A Lifespan Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Childhood adversity and lifestyle have been associated with frailty in later life, but not much is known about factors that may explain these associations. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association of childhood adversity with frailty, and the mediating role of unhealthy lifestyle in the association. METHODS: This lifespan analysis included 152,914 adults aged 40-69 years old from the UK Biobank. We measured childhood adversity with five items: physical neglect, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and emotional abuse through online mental health survey. Frailty was measured by the frailty index; an unhealthy lifestyle score (range: 0-5) was calculated based on unhealthy body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet at the baseline survey. Multiple logistic regression and mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS: A total of 10,078 participants (6.6%) were defined as having frailty. Participants with any childhood adversity had higher odds of frailty. For example, in the fully adjusted model, with a one-point increase in cumulative score of childhood adversity, the odds of frailty increased by 38% (odds ratio: 1.38; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.36, 1.40). Unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated the associations of childhood adversity with frailty (mediation proportion: 4.4%-7.0%). The mediation proportions were largest for physical (8.2%) and sexual (8.1%) abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversity was positively associated with frailty, and unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated the association. This newly identified pathway highlights the potential of lifestyle intervention strategies among those who experienced childhood adversity (in particular, physical, and sexual abuse) to promote healthy aging.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of food handling practices in Ghana vis-a-vis the associated factors among food handlers during 2009 and 2022.

Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are a major public health concern, especially in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, such as Ghana, where poor food handling practices (FHPs) are prevalent. To estimate the pooled proportion of good FHPs and the associated factors among Ghanaian food handlers, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to aid scholars, practitioners and policymakers in devising FBD-preventable interventions. The scientific databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Journals Online, ProQuest, and Directory of Open Access Journals were systematically searched until April 19, 2023, for relevant literature. Observational studies meeting the inclusion criteria of reported good FHPs among food handlers were included. Three authors independently searched the database, assessed the risks of bias and extracted the data from the shortlisted articles. A random-effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird model was used to estimate the pooled effect size of FHPs and the pooled odds ratio (POR) of FHP-associated factors. Out of the 2019 records collated, 33 with a total sample size of 6095 food handlers met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of good FHPs among Ghanaian food handlers was 55.8% [95% Cl (48.7, 62.8%); I2 = 97.4%; p < 0.001]. Lack of food safety training [POR = 0.10; 95% CI (0.03, 0.35); p = 0.001] and inadequate knowledge of food hygiene [POR = 0.36; 95% CI (0.01, 10.19); p < 0.001] were identified as the critical good FHP-associated factors. The study showed that the proportion of good FHPs among Ghanaian food handlers was 55.8%. To increase knowledge of food hygiene among food handlers, the Ghanaian Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) is recommended to provide regular training on food safety for the well-being of the general public.

Emotional symptoms, dietary patterns and dental caries: A cross-sectional study in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the relationship between emotional symptoms and dental caries in adolescents and the role of dietary patterns as mediating variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a multistage stratified random sample of schools, in Jiangsu, with a sample of 17,997 adolescents aged 11-19. Measures included emotional symptoms, dental caries, toothbrushing frequency, and dietary patterns. Logistic and Poisson regression models were conducted to test mediation hypotheses. RESULTS: The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT) was related to depressive symptoms following adjustment for other variables (incidence rate ratios [IRR] = 1.09; p < 0.05), but not to anxiety symptoms level (IRR = 1.02; p > 0.05). The link between depressive symptoms and DMFT had a partial mediation impact on toothbrushing frequency (a, b, c' all p < 0.05). Sugary foods, but not fried foods, partially mediated the link between depressive symptoms and caries when toothbrushing frequency was adjusted. CONCLUSION: There are direct and indirect associations between emotional symptoms and caries; the latter may be due to changes in oral health behaviours that increase the risk of caries.

A serial mediation model of social media addiction and college students' academic engagement: the role of sleep quality and fatigue.

BACKGROUND: It has been documented that social media addiction (SMA) has a detrimental effect on college students' academic engagement. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the serial mediation effects of sleep quality and fatigue on the relationship between SMA and academic engagement among college students. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 2661 college students (43.3% males, mean age = 19.97 years). The participants completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Utrecht Student Work Engagement Scale for Students, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The serial mediation effects were examined using Model 6 in the Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS: The results showed that SMA among college students had a direct negative relationship with their academic engagement (Effect = - 0.051, 95% CI: -0.087 to - 0.015). In addition, sleep quality and fatigue mediated the relationship between SMA and academic engagement both independent and serially, with the independent mediation effect of sleep quality being - 0.031 (95% CI: -0.048 to - 0.016), the independent mediation effect of fatigue being - 0.109 (95% CI: -0.133 to - 0.088), and the serial mediation effect of sleep quality and fatigue being - 0.080 (95% CI: -0.095 to - 0.066). The total indirect effect of the three mediation paths was 80.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased academic engagement caused by SMA can be aggravated by poor sleep quality and fatigue. Strengthening supervision and intervention in social media use among college students, supplemented by attention to psychosomatic health, including sleep quality and fatigue could promote their engagement in academic work.

The predictive value of prognosis and therapeutic response for STAT family in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins, well-known cytoplasmic transcription factors, were found to be abnormally expressed in various cancers and play essential parts in the initiation, progression and therapy resistance of cancer. Nevertheless, the functions of different STATs in pancreatic cancer (PC) and their relationship to the prognosis and immune infiltration as well as drug efficacy in PC patients have not been systematically elucidated. Methods: Expression, prognosis, genetic alterations and pathway enrichment analyses of the STAT family were investigated via Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan Meier-plotter, cBioPortal, Metascape and GSEA. Analysis of tumor immune microenvironment was conducted by ESTIMATE and TIMER. "pRRophetic" packages were used for analysis of chemotherapeutic response. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic value of key STATs were further validated through public datasets and immunohistochemistry. Results: In this study, only STAT1 mRNA level was significantly increased in tumor tissues and highly expressed in PC cell lines via multiple datasets. PC patients with higher STAT1/4/6 expression had a worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), while higher STAT5B expression was correlated with better prognosis in the TCGA cohort. The STATs-associated genes were enriched in pathways about the remodeling of tumor immune microenvironment. The STATs levels were significantly correlated with immune infiltration, except STAT6. The STAT1 was identified as a potential biomarker and its diagnostic and prognostic value were further validated at mRNA and protein levels. GSEA showed that STAT1 may be involved in the progression and immune regulations of PC. Moreover, STAT1 expression was significantly related to the level of immune checkpoint, and predicted immunotherapy and chemotherapy responses. Conclusion: STAT family members were comprehensively analyzed and STAT1 was identified as an effective biomarker for predicting the survival and therapeutic response, which could be beneficial to develop better treatment strategies.

Euphejolkinolide A, a new ent-abietane lactone from Euphorbia peplus L. with promising biological activity in activating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.

A new ent-abietane diterpenoid, named Euphejolkinolide A (1), was isolated from the whole plant of Euphorbia peplus L. Its structure, including absolute configurations, was determined by spectroscopic analyses and was corroborated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This new compound was assessed for its activity to induce lysosome biogenesis through Lyso-Tracker Red staining, in which compound 1 could significantly induce lysosome biogenesis. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a direct correlation between the observed lysosome biogenesis and the transcriptional activation of the lysosomal genes after treatment with the compound 1. Moreover, compound 1 promoted autophagic flux by upregulating LC3-II and downregulating SQSTM1 in both human microglia cells and U251 cells, which is required for cellular homeostasis. Further results suggested 1 induced lysosome biogenesis and autophagy which was mediated by TFEB (transcription factor EB). The structure activity relationships (SAR) analysis suggested that the carbony1 at C-7 in 1 might be a key active group. Overall, the current data suggested that 1 could be a potential compound for lysosome disorder therapy by induction of autophagy.

Association of childhood adversity with frailty and the mediating role of unhealthy lifestyle: Findings from the UK biobank.

Background: Childhood adversity and lifestyle have been associated with frailty in later life, but not much is known about factors that may explain these associations. An unhealthy lifestyle may play an important role in the pathway from childhood adversity to frailty. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association of childhood adversity with frailty, and the mediating role of unhealthy lifestyle in the association. Methods: This lifespan analysis included 152914 adults aged 40-69 years old from the UK Biobank. We measured childhood adversity with five items: physical neglect, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and emotional abuse through online mental health survey. Frailty was measured by the frailty index; an unhealthy lifestyle score (range: 0-5) was calculated based on unhealthy body mass index, smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet at the baseline survey. Multiple logistic regression and mediation analysis were performed. Results: A total of 10078 participants (6.6%) were defined as having frailty. Participants with any childhood adversity had higher odds of frailty. For example, in the fully adjusted model, with a one-point increase in cumulative score of childhood adversity, the odds of frailty increased by 41% (Odds Ratio: 1.41; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.39, 1.44). Unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated the associations of childhood adversity with frailty (mediation proportion: 4.4%-7.0%). The mediation proportions were largest for physical (8.2%) and sexual (8.1%) abuse. Conclusions: Among this large sample, childhood adversity was positively associated with frailty, and unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated the association. This newly identified pathway highlights the potential of lifestyle intervention strategies among those who experienced childhood adversity (in particular, physical and sexual abuse) to promote healthy aging.

Jatrophane Diterpenoids from Euphorbia peplus Linn. as Activators of Autophagy and Inhibitors of Tau Pathology.

Ten jatrophane diterpenoids were isolated from the whole plant Euphorbia peplus Linn. including seven new ones, named euphjatrophanes A-G (labeled compounds 1, 2, 4-8). Their structures were elucidated with a combination of spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray crystallography, enabling the identification of compounds 3, 9, and 10 as the previously published euphpepluones G, K, and L, respectively. All compounds were evaluated for their bioactivity with flow cytometry in assays of autophagic flux in HM Cherry-GFP-LC3 (human microglia cells stably expressing the tandem monomeric mCherry-GFP-tagged LC3) cells. Euphpepluone K (9) significantly activated autophagic flux, an effect that was verified with confocal analysis. Moreover, cellular assays showed that euphpepluone K (9) induced autophagy and inhibited Tau pathology.

Effects of grandparent involvement in parenting on health related behaviors among urban preschoolers / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of grandparent involvement in parenting on health related behaviors among urban preschool children, so as to provide a basis for the development of interventions for unhealthy behaviors among preschool children with different parenting pattern.@*Methods@#A total of 5 431 preschool children aged 3-6 years old in Xinbei District, Changzhou City, were selected by census method during January to October, 2022. General household characteristics and health related behaviors of children were investigated by questionnaires, and the differences in health related behaviors with different parenting pattern involving grandparents were explored by the χ 2 test. A multifactorial Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of grandparenting on preschool children s health behaviors.@*Results@#About 51.2% of preschoolers were raised by both parents, 46.1 % were co parented by grandparents, and 2.7% were raised by grandparents. After multifactorial Logistic regression analysis controlling for age, gender, annual household income, and family structure, children co parented by grandparents had a reduced risk of screen exposure time>1 h/d ( OR =0.79, P <0.05), with increased risks of outdoor activity time<2 h/d ( OR =1.30, P < 0.05 ), sleep duration <10 h/d ( OR =1.31, P <0.05), sleep difficulties ( OR =1.39, P <0.05) and adverse eating behaviors ( OR =1.20， P < 0.05), compared with children parented by both parents. Children raised by grandparents were at increased risk for outdoor activity time<2 h/d ( OR =2.19) and unhealthy eating behaviors ( OR =1.39) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Compared with children raised by both parents, the incidence of unhealthy behaviors is increased in children raised by parents and grandparents and in children raised by full grandparents. Active intervention should be focused on unhealthy behaviors of preschool children with pareting involving grandparents to promote the physical and mental health of preschool children.

Relationship between family structures and adolescents mental health and health associated behaviors / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the associations of family structure with adolescent mental health and health associated behaviors, to support interventions to decrease the occurrence of psychological problems and adverse health associated behaviors among adolescents in families without two parents.@*Methods@#The multi stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 18 700 adolescents of the 13 districts and cities from Jiangsu Province for a questionnaire survey on mental health and health associated behaviors, to compare differences in mental health and health associated behaviors among adolescents with different family structures.@*Results@#Among the adolescents, 82.1% had two parent families, 8.6% had single mother families, 4.0% had single father families, and 5.3 % had families with both parents absent. After controlling for age, urban/rural areas, gender, academic period and region, Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that compared with adolescents from two parent families, the incidence of depression, social anxiety and bullying on campus of adolescents with single mother families increased significantly( OR=1.31, 1.15, 1.36，P ＜0.05). Compared with adolescents in two parent families, adolescents in families without two parents had significantly more types of health risk behaviors, and those in single mother families had significantly less frequent intake of a healthful diet( OR =0.81), significantly more smoking( OR =1.20), drinking behaviors( OR =1.22), and significantly less moderate intensity physical activity ( OR =0.84) and shorter duration of sleep( OR =0.87)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Psychological and health associated problems were significantly higher among adolescents in families without two parents than in those with two parent families. Psychological problems and adverse health associated behaviors were particularly prominent among adolescents in single mother families.

Corrigendum: The association between pregnancy-related factors and health status before and after childbirth with satisfaction with skilled delivery in multiple dimensions among postpartum mothers in the Akatsi South District, Ghana.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.779404.].

Association of Unhealthy Lifestyle and Childhood Adversity With Acceleration of Aging Among UK Biobank Participants.

Importance: Accelerated aging makes adults more vulnerable to chronic diseases and death. Whether childhood adversity is associated with accelerated aging processes, and to what extent lifestyle mediates the association, remain unknown. Objective: To examine the associations of childhood adversity with a phenotypic aging measure and the role of unhealthy lifestyle in mediating these associations. Design, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using data from adult participants in the UK Biobank baseline survey (2006-2010) and online mental health survey (2016). Data analysis was performed from September 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. Exposures: Childhood adversity, including physical neglect, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and emotional abuse, was assessed retrospectively through the online mental health survey (2016). Main Outcomes and Measures: A phenotypic aging measure, phenotypic age acceleration, was calculated, with higher values indicating accelerated aging. Body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet were combined to construct an unhealthy lifestyle score (range, 0-5, with higher scores denoting a more unhealthy lifestyle). Results: A total of 127 495 participants aged 40 to 69 years (mean [SD] chronological age at baseline, 56.4 [7.7] years; 70 979 women [55.7%]; 123 987 White participants [97.2%]) were included. Each individual type of childhood adversity and cumulative childhood adversity score were associated with phenotypic age acceleration. For instance, compared with participants who did not experience childhood adversity, those who experienced 4 (ß = 0.296, 95% CI, 0.130-0.462) or 5 (ß = 0.833; 95% CI, 0.537-1.129) childhood adversities had higher phenotypic age acceleration in fully adjusted models. The formal mediation analysis revealed that unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated the associations of childhood adversity with phenotypic age acceleration by 11.8% to 42.1%. Conclusions and Relevance: In this retrospective cohort study, childhood adversity was significantly associated with acceleration of aging and, more importantly, unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated these associations. These findings reveal a pathway from childhood adversity to health in middle and early older adulthood through lifestyle and underscore the potential of more psychological strategies beyond lifestyle interventions to promote healthy aging.

Self-efficacy mediates the associations of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms with type 2 diabetes management and glycemic control.

BACKGROUND: Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) often experience two common diabetes-related psychological distress: diabetes distress and depressive symptoms. Both are associated with adverse diabetes outcomes including poor self-management and glycemic control. However, diabetes distress and depressive symptoms differ in their associations with diabetes outcomes in T2D patients. OBJECTIVE: This study proposes a hypothetical model to examine whether self-efficacy mediates the adverse effects of depressive symptoms and/or diabetes distress on self-care behaviors and glycemic control. Additionally, we examined the bi-directional relationships between diabetes distress and depressive symptoms to identify potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS: This study conducted in 15 rural health clinics in Jiangsu province China. 900 adults with T2D participated in the prospective cohort study. The data Diabetes distress (the 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale, DDS17), depressive symptoms(the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CESD-10), self-efficacy, self-care behaviors (diet and physical activity), metabolic variables (fasting plasma glucose, FPG) and demographic characteristics were assessed at baseline. Subsequent 12-month Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) were measured after baseline. Hierarchical multiple regression and bootstrap mediation analysis were used to test the effects and pathways among these associations. RESULTS: Of 843 participants (93.67%) of total cohort with available subsequent 12-month HbA1c levels, mean age was 66.08 years and 66.55% were women, 25.15% of them had depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 10), 12.20% had moderate diabetes distress (mean DDS ≥2) and 4.98% had the both two psychological distress. Hierarchical multiple regression showed higher DDS score significantly predicted unhealthy diet(ß = -1.10, P < 0.001) but not physical activities, while CESD score was negatively associated with physical activity (ß = -0.06, P < 0.001) but not diet. No independent effects of the two psychological distress variables on subsequent 12-month HbA1c were observed. Mediation analysis supported that elevated self-efficacy solely mediated the negative effect of both diabetes distress and depressive symptoms on diet (DDS score: ß = -0.238, 95 BCE% CI [-0.350, -0.141]; CESD score: ß = -0.010, 95 BCE% CI [-0.016, -0.005]), physical activities (DDS score: ß = -0.446, 95 BCE% CI [-0.630, -0.283]; CESD score: ß = -0.019, 95 BCE% CI [-0.030, -0.010]) and subsequent 12-month HbA1c (DDS score: ß = 0.105, 95 BCE% CI [0.030,0.189]; CESD score: ß = 0.004, 95 BCE% CI [0.001,0.009]). Additionally, the interplay of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms exerts their effects on diabetes outcomes directly and indirectly via self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy may contribute to better diabetes outcomes and ameliorate negative effects of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms.

The relationship between social anxiety and academic engagement among Chinese college students: A serial mediation model.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have elucidated the mechanisms linking social anxiety and academic engagement. This study aimed to explore the link between social anxiety and academic engagement through a series of mediating effects of social media addiction and sleep quality among college students. METHODS: 2661 college students completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Student. The serial mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 6). RESULTS: Social anxiety had a significantly direct effect on academic engagement (c = -0.162, p < 0.001) and through three significantly indirect pathways: (1) through social media addiction (B = -0.019, 95% CI: -0.027 to -0.011), accounting for 11.7% of the total effect; (2) through poor sleep quality (B = -0.043, 95% CI: -0.052 to-0.034), accounting for 26.5% of the total effect; and (3) through the serial mediators involving in social media addiction and poor sleep quality (B = -0.007, 95% CI: -0.009 to -0.005), accounting for 4.3% of the total effect. The total mediating effect was 42.6%. LIMITATIONS: This cross-sectional study prevented us from establishing causality. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the serial mediating role of social media addiction and sleep quality, the behavior and lifestyle factors, in the relationship between social anxiety and academic engagement. Therefore, social media addiction and sleep quality interventions for college students with social anxiety have the potential to improve their academic engagement.

Effect of Intensive Psychological Nursing Intervention on HAMD and SF-36 Scores in Patients with Severe Liver Cancer in ICU.

The aim of the study was to explore the effect of intensive psychological nursing intervention on HAMD and SF-36 scores in patients with severe liver cancer in intensive care unit (ICU). 134 critically ill patients with liver cancer in ICU who underwent resection of primary liver cancer from July 2019 to November 2021 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into control group and study group. The patients in the control group received routine nursing. The patients in the study group received intensive psychological nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scores before and after nursing were compared between the two groups. The satisfaction of the two groups of patients with nursing was counted. The HAMA, HAMD, and SF-36 scores of patients receiving intensive psychological nursing intervention were significantly better than those receiving routine nursing. The nursing satisfaction of patients receiving intensive psychological nursing intervention was significantly higher than that of patients receiving routine nursing. Intensive psychological nursing intervention for patients with severe liver cancer in ICU can significantly reduce HAMD, improve SF-36 score, and patient nursing satisfaction. It is worthy of wide clinical promotion.

Relationship between myopia and frequency of high energy food intake among adolescents in Nantong / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the incidence of juvenile myopia and associated factors in Nantong, to analyze the relationship between food intake and juvenile myopia, so as to provide a reference for preventing and controlling myopia of adolescents.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 13 schools in Nantong. A total of 3 437 students were selected for health monitoring and questionnaire survey, and the students sociodemographic characteristics and diet related information were collected.@*Results@#The prevalence of myopia was 73.4%( n =2 522). The myopia rate of urban teenagers(74.1%) was higher than that in suburbs(72.4%), and the myopia rate of urban girls (78.2%)was higher than that of suburban girls(73.6%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of high energy food intake and myopia among urban adolescents ( OR =1.50, P <0.01). After adjusting for covariates, e.g. age, parental myopia, participation in extracurricular classes, outdoor inter class activities, the frequency of high energy food intake was significantly positively associated with myopia ( OR =1.29, P =0.03). Frequency of high energy food intake was significantly positively correlated with myopia of suburban adolescents ( OR =1.35, P =0.02). The association disappeared after adjusting for above ment ioned covariates ( P = 0.60 ).@*Conclusion@#There are differences in the main risk factors affecting the incidence of myopia between urban and suburban adolescents in Nantong. Parents, schools and the society should pay attention to adolescent myopia and high energy diet mode, pay attention to guide their reasonable eating habits, and prevent and control adolescent myopia from multiple angles.

Effect of Fuzheng Qingdu Therapy for Metastatic Gastric Cancer is Associated With Improved Survival: A Multicenter Propensity-Matched Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically Fuzheng Qingdu (FZQD) therapy, on the survival time of metastatic GC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Databases of medical records of 6 hospitals showed that 432 patients with stage IV GC were enrolled from March 1, 2012 to October 31, 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the bias caused by confounding factors in the comparison between the TCM and the non-TCM users. We used a Cox multivariate regression model to compare the hazard ratio (HR) value for mortality risk, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the survival time of GC patients. RESULTS: The same number of subjects from the non-TCM group were matched with 122 TCM-treated patients after PSM to evaluate their overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Median time of OS of TCM and non-TCM users were 16.53 and 9.10 months, respectively. TCM and non-TCM groups demonstrated a 1-year survival rate of 68.5% and 34.5%, 2-year survival rate of 28.6% and 3.5%, and 3-year survival rate of 17.8% and 0.0%, respectively. A statistical difference exists in OS between the 2 groups (χ2 = 33.39 and P < .0001). The PFS of TCM users was also longer than that of non-TCM users (χ2 = 4.95 and P = 0.026). Notably, Chinese herbal decoction, Shenmai and compound Kushen injections were commonly used for FZQD therapy. CONCLUSION: This propensity-matched study showed that FZQD therapy could improve the survival of metastatic GC patients.

Aphid salivary protein Mp1 facilitates infestation by binding phloem protein 2-A1 in Arabidopsis.

We have previously demonstrated that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phloem protein PP2-A1 is an integral component of resistance to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Here, we report that M. persicae overcomes the resistance of PP2-A1 by using the salivary protein Mp1 as an energetic effector and an interactor of AtPP2-A1. Using the RNA interference technique, we demonstrated that Mp1 plays an essential role in the phloem-feeding activity of M. persicae. When the Mp1 gene was silenced, aphids incurred serious impairments not only in phloem-feeding activity, but also in survival and fertility. In essence, phloem-feeding activity was attributed to the molecular interaction between Mp1 and AtPP2-A1. The Mp1 and AtPP2-A1 interactions were localized to plant cell membranes by co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments. Furthermore, the interaction was found to be required for aphid feeding on Arabidopsis phloem. Overall, our results suggest that Mp1 is an important effector of M. persicae and interacts with AtPP2-A1 to facilitate infestation in the plant tissue by this insect.