[Association between nutrition factors in the third trimeter and preeclampsia:a case-control study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between dietary intake during the third trimester and preeclampsia. METHODS: A case-control study with 1∶1 matching was performed. A total of 131 patients with preeclampsia hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2016 to December 2016 were selected as the case group. According to age ±3 years and gestational age ±2 weeks, 131 pregnant women with normal blood pressure and no proteinuria in the hospital were randomly selected as the control group. The questionnaires of food frequency and gestational health risk factors in the past three months were conducted and the average daily intakes of various nutrients were calculated. Conditional Logistic regression was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: Multivariate conditional Logistic regression showed that pre-pregnancy body mass index(OR=1. 18, 95%CI 1. 08-2. 82) and gestational weight gain(OR=1. 51, 95%CI 1. 15-1. 97) were higher, while the intakes of red and/or yellow fruits(OR=0. 76, 95%CI 0. 60-0. 98), and dietary vitamin C(OR=0. 57, 95%CI 0. 33-0. 99) and folic acid(OR=0. 36, 95%CI 0. 18-0. 72) were lower in case group than that in control group(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: Higher pre-pregnancy body mass index and over gestational weight gain are the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Appropriate increase of red and/or yellow fruit intake during pregnancy may be beneficial to prevent pre-eclampsia. Vitamin C and folic acid intake might be protective factors for pre-eclampsia. .

A high whey protein, vitamin D and E supplement preserves muscle mass, strength, and quality of life in sarcopenic older adults: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Sarcopenia, an age-related decline of muscle mass, strength, and physical function, was associated with falls, frailty, and poor quality of life. The aim of the current study is to examine the effect of nutritional supplement containing whey protein, vitamin D and E on measures of sarcopenia. METHODS: A total of 60 sarcopenic older adult subjects participated in the current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (iso-caloric control product) trial for 6 months. Muscle mass [Relative skeletal mass index (RSMI) measured by bioimpedance analysis (BIA)], muscle strength (handgrip strength), physical function (6-m gait speed, chair stand test, and timed-up-and-go test, TUG), quality of life (measured by Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey, SF-36), and blood biochemical indexes were measured before and after the 6-month intervention. RESULTS: Compared to placebo group, nutritional supplementation improves RSMI (mean difference: 0.18 kg/m2, 95%CI: 0.01-0.35, P = 0.040), handgrip strength (mean difference: 2.68 kg, 95%CI: 0.71-4.65, P = 0.009), SF-36 mental component summary (SF-36 MCS) (mean difference: 11.26, 95%CI: 3.86-18.65, P = 0.004), SF-36 physical component summary (SF-36 PCS) (mean difference: 20.21, 95%CI: 11.30-29.12, P < 0.001), serum IGF-1 (mean difference: 14.34 ng/mL, 95%CI: 2.06-26.73), IL-2 (mean difference: -575.32 pg/mL, 95%CI: -1116.94 âˆ¼ -33.70, P = 0.038), serum vitamin D3 (mean difference: 11.01 ng/mL, 95%CI: 6.44-15,58, P < 0.001), and serum vitamin E (mean difference: 4.17 ng/L, 95%CI: 1.89-6.45, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrated that the combined supplementation of whey protein, vitamin D and E can significantly improve RSMI, muscle strength, and anabolic markers such as IGF-I and IL-2 in older adults with sarcopenia. Further larger well-designed studies are warranted to evaluate whether long-term whey protein supplementation can blunt the declines of muscle function and mass in older adults with sarcopenia.

The association between dietary isoflavones intake and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

BACKGROUND: Isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogenic compounds, are abundant in soybeans. A number of epidemiological studies have investigated the association between dietary isoflavones intake and the risk of gastric cancer. However, the results are inconclusive. Therefore, the meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary isoflavones intake on the risk of gastric cancer. METHODS: Relevant studies from May 1992 to May 2017 were identified through searching PubMed and Web of Science. Additional articles were identified from the reference lists of relevant review articles. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS: Seven articles reporting 12 studies were included in the current meta-analysis. We found no significant association between dietary isoflavones intake and gastric cancer risk with the highest versus the lowest categories of dietary isoflavones intake (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.87-1.09, I2 = 27.5%). Subgroup analyses generally yield similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dietary isoflavones intake is not associated with a decline in the risk of gastric cancer.

The n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Improved the Cognitive Function in the Chinese Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may protect against mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there is still a lack of the n-3 PUFAs intervention in the elderly with MCI in China. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on cognitive function in the Chinese elderly with MCI. METHODS: Eighty six MCI individuals aged 60 years or older were randomly assigned to receive either n-3 PUFAs (480 mg DHA and 720 mg EPA per day, n = 44) or placebo (olive oil, n = 42) capsules. The changes of cognitive functions were assessed using Basic Cognitive Aptitude Tests (BCAT). RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 71 years old, and 59% of the participants were men. n-3 PUFA supplementation was associated with improved total BCAT scores, perceptual speed, space imagery efficiency, and working memory (p < 0.01), but not with mental arithmetic efficiency or recognition memory (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis by sex showed that n-3 PUFAs significantly improved perceptual speed (p = 0.001), space imagery efficiency (p = 0.013), working memory (p = 0.018), and total BCAT scores (p = 0.000) in males. However, in females, the significant beneficial effects can only be observed in perceptual speed (p = 0.027), space imagery efficiency (p = 0.006), and total BCAT scores (p = 0.015)-not working memory (p = 0.113). CONCLUSION: n-3 PUFAs can improve cognitive function in people with MCI. Further studies with different fish oil dosages, longer intervention periods, and larger sample sizes should be investigated before definite recommendations can be made.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Predicts Survival in Elderly Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients with Radiotherapy.

The impact of nutritional status on survival among elderly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients undergoing radiotherapy is unclear. In this study, we aimed at validating the performance of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in predicting overall survival time in elderly ESCC patients with radiotherapy. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 239 ESCC patients aged 60 and over admitted consecutively from January 2008 to November 2014 in the Department of Radiotherapy, Henan Tumor Hospital (Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan, China. All patients were subjected to nutritional screening using GNRI, and were followed for the occurrence of lymphatic node metastasis, radiation complication and mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method with Log-rank test was used to estimate survival curves. Univariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with overall survival time. Among the 239 patients, 184 patients (76.9%) took no nutritional risk, 32 patients (13.4%) took moderate risk of malnutrition, and 23 patients (9.7%) took a high risk of malnutrition. Univariable Cox regression showed that both high nutritional risk group and moderate nutritional risk group were significantly less likely to survive than no nutritional risk patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.688, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.019-2.798 for moderate risk group, and HR = 2.699, 95% CI = 1.512-4.819 for high risk group, respectively). The GNRI is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival time in elderly ESCC patients with radiotherapy. A GNRI ≤98 can be suggested as an indicator of surviving less.

Dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of digestive tract cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between dietary flavonoid intake and digestive tract cancers risk; however, the results remain inconclusive. The aim of our study was to evaluate this association. PubMed and the Web of Knowledge were searched for relevant publications from inception to October 2015. The risk ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the highest versus the lowest categories of flavonoid intake were pooled using a fixed-effects model. A total of 15 articles reporting 23 studies were selected for the meta-analysis. In a comparison of the highest versus the lowest categories of dietary flavonoid intake, we found no significant association between flavonoid intake and oesophageal cancer (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.75-1.10; I(2) = 0.0%), colorectal cancer (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.92-1.14, I(2) = 36.2%) or gastric cancer (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.74-1.04, I(2) = 63.6%). The subgroup analysis indicated an association between higher flavonoid intake and a decreased risk of gastric cancer in the European population (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62-0.97). In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis do not strongly support an association between dietary flavonoid intake and oesophageal or colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis suggested an association between higher dietary flavonoid intake and decreased gastric cancer risk in European population.

Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis based on 37 studies.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphism and susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS: A comprehensive search of the United States National Library of Medicine PubMed database and the Elsevier, Springer, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for all relevant studies was conducted using combinations of the following terms: "glutathione S-transferase M1", "GSTM1", "polymorphism", and "EC" (until November 1, 2014). The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software (v.9.1.3; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, United States) and the Review Manager software (v.5.0; Oxford, England); crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between the GSTM1 null genotype and the risk of EC. RESULTS: A total of 37 studies involving 2236 EC cases and 3243 controls were included in this meta-analysis. We observed that the GSTM1 null genotype was a significant risk factor for EC in most populations (OR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.12-1.57, P heterogeneity < 0.000001, and I (2) = 77.0%), particularly in the Asian population (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.26-1.86, P heterogeneity < 0.000001, and I (2) = 77.0%), but not in the Caucasian population (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.87-1.19, P heterogeneity = 0.97, and I (2) = 0%). CONCLUSION: The GSTM1 null polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk for EC in Asian but not Caucasian populations.

Association between dietary vitamin C intake and risk of esophageal cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis.

While several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between vitamin C and risk of esophageal cancer, the results remain inconsistent. In the present study, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of dietary vitamin C intake on esophageal cancer risk. Online databases were searched up to March 29, 2015, for studies on the association between dietary vitamin C intake and esophageal cancer risk. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Dose-response analyses were performed using the method of restricted cubic splines with four knots at percentiles of 5, 35, 65 and 95% of the distribution. Publication bias was estimated using Egger's tests and funnel plots. In all, 15 articles were included in this meta-analysis, including 20 studies, containing 7063 controls and 3955 cases of esophageal cancer. By comparing the highest vs. the lowest categories of vitamin C intake, we found that vitamin C was inversely associated with the risk of esophageal cancer [overall OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.49-0.68, I(2) = 56%]. A linear dose-response relationship was found. With an increase in dietary vitamin C intake of 50 mg/day, the risk of esophageal cancer statistically decreased by 13% (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80-0.93, p(linearity) = 0.0002). In conclusion, our analysis suggested that the higher intake of dietary vitamin C might have a protective effect against esophageal cancer.

Preoperative Nutritional Risk Index to predict postoperative survival time in primary liver cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We designed this study to determine the predictive value of Nutritional Risk Index (NRI) for postoperative survival time of patients who had undergone hepatectomy for primary liver cancer. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The 620 patients who underwent hepatectomy for primary liver cancer (PLC) in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China from December 1, 2008 to December 1, 2012 were followed up. A nutritional risk index (NRI) was used to screen the patients with malnutrition (NRI100) patients had longer postoperative survival time compared with malnourished patients. NRI values>100 was sig-nificantly associated with longer postoperative survival time. Cox proportional hazards model showed that NRI was an independent predictor of postoperative survival time and that NRI varied inversely with the risk of death. CONCLUSION: The patients with NRI values>100 survived longer than those with NRI values

Associations of dietary folate, Vitamins B6 and B12 and methionine intake with risk of breast cancer among African American and European American women.

African American (AA) women are more likely than European American (EA) women to be diagnosed with breast cancer at younger ages and to develop poor prognosis tumors. However, these racial differences are largely unexplained. Folate and other methyl-group nutrients may be related to breast carcinogenesis, but few studies have examined these associations in AA populations. We examined the associations of dietary intake of these nutrients with breast cancer risk overall, by menopausal and estrogen receptor (ER) status among 1,582 AA (749 cases) and 1,434 EA (744 cases) women using data from a case-control study, the Women's Circle of Health Study. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of each nutrient and breast cancer risk. In AA women, inverse associations were observed for natural food folate intake among premenopausal women (fourth vs. first quartile: OR = 0.57, 95% CI, 0.33-1.00; p for trend = 0.06) and for ER-positive tumors (fourth vs. first quartile: OR = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.36-0.93; p for trend = 0.03), whereas in EA women, a positive association was observed for intake of synthetic folate (fourth vs. first quartile: OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.06-2.21; p for trend = 0.03). Our findings suggest that natural food folate intake is inversely associated with breast cancer risk and that this association may vary by race, menopausal status or ER status. The finding of an increased risk observed among EA women with the highest intake of synthetic folate from fortified foods warrants further investigation.

[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the faculty members of a college in Zhengzhou and analysis on its related factors].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence trend of metabolic syndrome (MS) and the characteristics of its major related risk factors in some faculty members of a college in Zhengzhou city. METHODS: Taking a case control study to analyze the results from 3481 faculty members of Zhengzhou University, such as body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids, based on the diagnostic criteria for MS proposed in 2004 by the Diabetes Subcommittee of Chinese Medical Association. RESULTS: The total prevalence rate of MS was 10.3% (358/3481), and increased with age (chi2 = 110.008, P < 0.05). The prevalence of MS was significantly higher in male 13.1% (255/1954) than that in female 6.7% (102/1527) (chi2 = 36.929, P < 0.05). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar and triglyceride of males were significantly higher than those of females (P < 0.05). The subjects suffered from obesity, hypertension and high blood lipids simultaneously is accounted for 48.3% in five MS types; most of them are male and over 50 years of age. Age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, blood glucose and triglycerides are risk factors in the logisitic regression analysis, while high-density lipoprotein is a protective factor. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MS in male faculty members was high. Age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids are closely related with the prevalence of MS. Faculty members of over 50 years of age are predisposed to MS. More attention should be paid to the prevention and control of such kind of metabolic disorders.

p21 is required for atRA-mediated growth inhibition of MEPM cells, which involves RAR.

All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a metabolite of vitamin A, is essential for embryonic development. Thus the spatial and temporal dispersal of RA must be tightly controlled. Previous studies show that excessive atRA led to growth inhibition and p21 accumulation in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. We reported here the identification of p21 as a required mediator during atRA-induced growth inhibition. atRA caused a G1 arrest in the cell cycle with an increase in the proportion of cells in G0/G1 and a decrease in the proportion of cells in S phase. In addition to a marked effect on cell cycling, atRA also triggered DNA fragmentation, reflected by an increase of the fraction of cells in the sub-G(1) population. Western blot analysis revealed that atRA treatment led to an increase in p21 level and a decrease in cyclin D1 protein and Rb phosphorylation. Using luciferase assay with reporter gene regulated by p21 promoter, we showed that atRA increased the reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner; and p21 siRNA blocked the growth inhibition by atRA, suggesting that p21 is required for atRA-mediated growth inhibition. Moreover, the induction of p21 by atRA was partially attenuated when RAR was silenced with specific siRNA. atRA stimulated RARE-driven reporter gene activity dose-dependently. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that RAR protein could bind to the p21 promoter. Taken together, our results indicate p21 is responsible for atRA-induced growth inhibition of MEPM cells and RAR plays a role during this process.

[The trend of cancer mortality from 1988 to 2005 in Kaifeng county, China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the time trends of cancer mortality among residents in Kaifeng county, Henan province. METHODS: Data on cancer mortality from the vital registration system in Kaifeng county from 1988 to 2005 was analyzed. A total of 9543 death records (5974 males and 3567 females) due to malignant tumors were studied. A two-year-period age-specified standardized mortality rates were directly adjusted by the world standard population, and the annual percentage change (APC) of mortality were estimated by a linear logarithm regression. RESULTS: The crude cancer death rate for male was 95.09/100,000 and its age-standardized death rate was 117.41/100,000. While, the crude cancer death rate for female was 59.13/100,000 and the age-standardized death rate was 57.15/100,000. There was a significant growth tread for lung cancer (APC: 6.54%), liver cancer (5.07%) in males and breast cancer (7.04%) in females in the groups aged over 18. On the contrary, the decreasing treads for esophageal cancer in both of sexes (-7.09%, -13.53%) were also observed in this study. Meanwhile, there was no other significant changes in the trend, either in the tumor sites or mortality, was observed. CONCLUSION: In the past two decades, there has been a significant increasing trend for cancer mortality in Kaifeng county, of Henan Province. Hence, it is necessary to enhance epidemiological survey to identify risk factors at the earlier stages.

[Study on changes of vitamin nutrition status of population in a high-risk area of esophageal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of vitamin nutritional status of residents in a high-risk area of esophageal cancer. METHODS: 8 towns where nutrition survey had been done were selected, 2 villages were randomly selected from each town and 30 families were randomly selected per village. The blood and 4h burden urine samples were collected from subjects. The serum vitamin A, blood total ascorbic acid and glutathione reductase activition coefficient (AC) in red blood cell were determinde by using of trifluoroacetic acid colorimetry, 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric method and Sauberlich method respectively. The contents of vitamin B2 , reduction ascorbic acid and total ascorbic acid in 4h burden urine were measured by using of fluorescent pectrophotometry,2,6-Dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-benzoquinoneimine titrimetric method and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric method respectively. The results were analyzed and compared with those of in 1980, 1983 and 1984. The t-test or chi2-test was carried out. RESULTS: The level of serum retinal in residents living in Ren cun, Dongyao and Hejian is significantly higher than that of in 1982 (P < 0.01). The level of vitamin B2 in 4h burden urine in residents living in Yaocun, Rencun and Heshun are significantly higher than that of in 1982 or 1984 (P < 0.01). The number of ribflavin deficiency of population living in Dongyao, Hejian, Yaocun and Rencun are significantly lower than that of in 1982 or 1983 (P < 0.01) according to the content of 4h burden urine and glutathione reductase activation coefficient (AC) in red blood cell; the number of vitamin C deficiency of population living in Dongyao, Hejian,Yao cun, Ren cun and Heshun are significantly lower than that of in 1982 or 1983 (P < 0.01) according to blood total ascorbic acid and the ascorbic acid content of 4h-burden urine and. CONCLUSION: Vitamin nutritional status of residents in a high-risk area of esophageal cancer have been improved.

[Effects of genistein on proliferation and apoptosis in HT-29 cells].

OBJECTIVE: The study is to explore the effects of genistein on proliferation and apoptosis in human colon cancer HT-29 cells and the likely underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: HT-29 cultures were maintained in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and cell cycle distribution by cytometry. Apoptosis was detected by the Cell Death Detection ELISA and cytometry. The expressions of bax, bcl-2, and PCNA were examined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot both at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. RESULTS: Genistein inhibited proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptotic death in colon cancer HT-29 cells. We investigated the effects of genistein on molecules that regulate apoptosis and cell cycle progress. Genistein increased expression of bax and significantly reduced PCNA with a slightly decrease in bcl-2 expression both at mRNA and protein level. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that genistein inhibited the viability of human colon cancer HT-29 cell via induction of apoptosis mainly through regulation of PCNA and Bax/Bcl-2 expression. These data suggested a role of genistein in prevention of colon tumor and might reduce colon tumor growth.

Effects of fat-soluble extracts from vegetable powder and beta-carotene on proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cell YTMLC-90.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of fat-soluble extracts from vegetable powder (FEFVP) and beta-carotene on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured YTMLC-90 lung cancer cells. METHODS: The lung cancer cells were continuously exposed to a broad range of concentration of FEFVP and beta-carotene. The proliferation was evaluated in MTT test. The induction of apoptosis was evaluated by morphological change, DNA fragmentation analysis, and DNA content analysis combined with flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: Both FEFVP and beta-carotene were found to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce morphologic changes consistent with apoptosis in YTMLC-90 cancer cells, including cellular shrinkage, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed DNA fragmentation 'ladder'. Flow cytometric analysis revealed decreased DNA content and the presence of a sub-G1 apoptotic peak. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of FEFVP are stronger than those of beta-carotene. FEFVP inhibits the growth of YTMLC-90 probably via the induction of apoptosis cancer cells.