Impacts of Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Antibiotics on the Mitochondria of the Age-Related Macular Degeneration Cybrid Cell Lines.

We assessed the potential negative effects of bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics on the AMD cybrid cell lines (K, U and J haplogroups). AMD cybrid cells were created and cultured in 96-well plates and treated with tetracycline (TETRA) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) for 24 h. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM), cellular metabolism and ratio of apoptotic cells were measured using H2DCFDA, JC1, MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Expression of genes of antioxidant enzymes, and pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathways were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Higher ROS levels were found in U haplogroup cybrids when treated with CPFX 60 µg/mL concentrations, lower ΔψM of all haplogroups by CPFX 120 µg/mL, diminished cellular metabolism in all cybrids with CPFX 120 µg/mL, and higher ratio of dead cells in K and J cybrids. CPFX 120 µg/mL induced overexpression of IL-33, CASP-3 and CASP-9 in all cybrids, upregulation of TGF-ß1 and SOD2 in U and J cybrids, respectively, along with decreased expression of IL-6 in J cybrids. TETRA 120 µg/mL induced decreased ROS levels in U and J cybrids, increased cellular metabolism of treated U cybrids, higher ratio of dead cells in K and J cybrids and declined ΔψM via all TETRA concentrations in all haplogroups. TETRA 120 µg/mL caused upregulation of IL-6 and CASP-3 genes in all cybrids, higher CASP-7 gene expression in K and U cybrids and downregulation of the SOD3 gene in K and U cybrids. Clinically relevant dosages of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline have potential adverse impacts on AMD cybrids possessing K, J and U mtDNA haplogroups in vitro.

Image-Guided Endoscopic Combined With Deep Lateral Orbitotomy Removal of a Small Foreign Body at the Deep Lateral Orbital Apex.

To remove a small foreign body located at the deep orbit apex presents an extremely challenging problem. Small foreign bodies located in shallow lateral orbital and nasal orbital apex have been reported successfully removing in endoscopic surgery with the help of surgical navigation system. Here, the authors first describe successfully removal of a small foreign body at the deep lateral orbital apex with the help of image-guided endoscopic. A 56-year-old man presented with blurred vision and eye movement pain of the left eye while grinding metal 4 days prior to admission. A computed tomography scan showed a small metallic foreign body lodged in the deep lateral orbital apex. The foreign body was smoothly removed without any complications by endoscopic surgery under the help of surgical navigation system combined with deep lateral orbitotomy. Eye movement pain was disappeared and visual acuity was improved after surgery.

Cystoid macular edema and macular pigmentation associated with nab-Paclitaxel therapy.

PURPOSE: To report the first known case of retinal pigment epithelium hyperpigmentation changes and cystoid macular edema in a patient on nab-paclitaxel therapy. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: A 72-year-old man on nab-paclitaxel therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma developed cystoid macular edema with minimal capillary leakage with subsequent retinal pigment epithelium hyperpigmentation after resolution of cystoid macular edema. CONCLUSION: Nab-paclitaxel therapy may be associated with the development of retinal pigment epithelium hyperpigmentation in the setting of resolved minimal capillary leakage cystoid macular edema.