[Georg Frankl: the third or first man in the genesis of autism?] / Georg Frankl: ¿el tercero o el primer hombre en la génesis del autismo?

Autism is a developmental disorder that has significant consequences on the future of the individuals concerned. Officially described for the first time in the 1940's, the disorder knew conceptual oscillations, but increasingly it is considered a sort of spectrum or continuum characterized mainly by a difficulty in social communication. In this article we will show how two very different clinical types of the autistic spectrum, i.e. the clinical descriptions of Kanner and Asperger's, owe much to the role played by the Viennese psychiatrist Georg Frankl who worked with both clinicians. Frankl's role would not only have been that a sort of channel of communication between Kanner and Asperger, but it would have been Frankl who influenced both psychiatrists in a decisive way.

Lorazepam-Resistant Catatonia in an Antipsychotic-Naïve 24-Year-Old with Psychotic Symptoms.

Catatonia is a complex identifiable clinical syndrome characterized primarily by psychomotor symptoms. In recent decades, some authors have considered that catatonia can be presented as a catatonic syndrome in several pathologies such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and not only in schizophrenia. Prior to DSM 5, there were two conceptions of catatonia: one in which clinical characterization seemed to play a determining role (a categorical view) and another in which a dimensional perspective advocated the existence of catatonia as a clinical entity in its own right, detached from the underlying pathology. Although there are no definitive consensus guidelines for the treatment of catatonia, some studies show that in the schizophrenic form of catatonia, benzodiazepines are partially effective, as well as treatment with ECT. We present the case of a 24-year-old man with severe catatonia and psychotic symptoms, resistant to lorazepam treatment, who achieved complete remission with clozapine treatment according to our diagnostic hypothesis of schizophrenia.

[Rat man. A review]. / Una revisión del caso del "Hombre de las ratas".

We will focus on one of the key cases analyzed by Freud, the one he himself named the "Rat Man" (fictional name for patient Ernst Lanzer) and analyzed as an "obsessive neurosis". As in the Dora case, in this clinical case Freud intends to describe the prototype of obsessive neurosis in which no element is missing. Everything is there: sexual and forbidden thoughts that obsess the subject, aggressive thoughts towards the people he loves (especially the one called the "lady" and his own father), the sense of duty and debt that are imposed in the form of an expensive constraint, etc. However, a careful examination of the patient's symptoms and behavior both in his daily life and with his therapist allows us to ask ourselves whether this is really a "neurotic" disorder and not a different pathology, particularly in relation to psychotic disorders. Although Freud's diagnosis of obsessive neurosis may evoke the current obsessive-compulsive disorder, other pathologies and comorbidities that would relativize the main diagnosis must be considered.

Low-Dose Fluoxetine in Four Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder Improves Self-Injurious Behavior, ADHD-Like Symptoms, and Irritability.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined by the copresence of two core symptoms: alteration in social communication and repetitive behaviors and/or restricted interests. In ASD children and adults, irritability, self-injurious behavior (SIB), and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders- (ADHD-) like symptoms are regularly observed. In these situations, pharmacological treatments are sometimes used. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors- (SSRI-) based treatments have been the subject of several publications: case reports and controlled studies, both of which demonstrate efficacy on the symptoms mentioned above, even if no consensus has been reached concerning their usage. In this article four clinical cases of children diagnosed with ASD and who also present ADHD-like symptoms and/or SIB and/or other heteroaggressive behaviors or irritability and impulsivity treated with low doses of fluoxetine are presented.

O banquete ou a transferência / The banquet or the transference

O texto apresenta uma explicitação do conceito psicanalítico de 'transferência ', com base no comentário que Jacques Lacan, no Seminário 8, consagra ao diálogo de Platão, intitulado O banquete(AU)

The text presents a clarification on the psychoanalytical concept of 'transference', based on the comment that Jacques Lacan, in the 8th Seminar, dedicated to Plato's dialogue entitled The Banquet(AU)

Body dysmorphic disorder, psychosis and insight: a report of four cases.

Body dysmorphic disorder is described in the DSM-IV as a single clinical entity, but an additional diagnosis of delusional disorder, somatic type, is allowed when the preoccupation concerning an imaginary defect in appearance is held with delusional intensity. The existence of two clinical forms is implicitly recognized, depending on the presence or absence of psychotic symptoms. Several studies have suggested that these two forms make up a single illness, characterized by different degrees of insight. This supposition is supported by the fact that the symptomatology and the clinical response to the SSRIs are thought to be similar for the two forms. Moreover, certain authors have suggested that categorical nosography (as used by the DSM-IV) should not be the point of reference and that a 'dimensional' point of view is preferable, meaning that the presence of psychotic symptoms would constitute merely a simple phenomenon or state of the same illness.