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Introduction: advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) interact with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Full-length RAGE is associated with intracellular signal transduction, and soluble-RAGE (sRAGE) lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, acting as a competitive inhibitor ofAGEs-RAGE binding. sRAGE levels in healthy children are associated with cell surface expression of RAGE. However, the expression of RAGE hasnot been explored in childhood obesity.Objective: the study aim was to evaluate the sRAGE levels and the gene expression of RAGE in children and its association with cardiometabolicmarkers.Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with 6-11-year children, 20 with overweight and 20 with obesity. Anthropometric measurements includedwaist circumference (cm) (WC), neck circumference (NC), weight (kg), fat mass (%), trunk fat (kg), muscular mass (kg), height (cm), and bodymass index (BMI) (kg/m2). Blood samples following an overnight fast were collected to measure glucose (mg/dl) and lipid profile with colorimetricmethods. sRAGE was determined in serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription (RT-qPCR)was performed to analyze RAGE transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by Ficoll®-Hypaque.Results: we found higher RAGE (p = 0.0315) and lower sRAGE (p = 0.0305) levels in the obesity group. sRAGE level showed a negative correlation with RAGE (r = -0.35) and BMI (r = -0.24), and positive with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.29). Regression analysis suggests that HDL-C andRAGE levels are predictors of sRAGE levels.Conclusions: expression of RAGE is associated with lower sRAGE levels in childhood obesity. Moreover, obese children show higher cardiometabolic risk markers, and a positively associated with sRAGE. (AU)
Introducción: los productos finales de glicación avanzada (AGE) interactúan con el receptor de AGE (RAGE). El RAGE de longitud completaestá asociado con la transducción de señales intracelulares y el RAGE soluble (sRAGE) carece de los dominios transmembrana y citoplásmico,actuando como un inhibidor competitivo de la unión de AGE-RAGE. Los niveles de sRAGE en niños sanos están asociados con la expresión deRAGE en la superficie celular. Sin embargo, la expresión de RAGE no se ha explorado en la obesidad infantil.Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los niveles de sRAGE y la expresión génica de RAGE en niños y su asociación con marcadorescardiometabólicos.Métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal con niños de seis a once años, 20 con sobrepeso y 20 con obesidad. Las medidas antropométricasincluyeron la circunferencia de la cintura (cm) (CC), la circunferencia del cuello (NC), el peso (kg), la masa grasa (%), la grasa del tronco (kg),la masa muscular (kg), la altura (cm) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2). Se tomaron muestras de sangre después de una noche deayuno para medir glucosa (mg/dl) y el perfil de lípidos con métodos colorimétricos. Los sRAGE se determinaron en suero utilizando un ensayoinmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA). Se realizó una transcripción inversa cuantitativa (RT-qPCR) para analizar los transcritos de RAGE encélulas mononucleares de sangre periférica aisladas por Ficoll®-Hypaque.Resultados: encontramos niveles más altos de RAGE (p = 0,0315) y más bajos de sRAGE (p = 0,0305) en el grupo de obesidad. El nivel de sRAGE mostró una correlación negativa con RAGE (r = -0,35) e IMC (r = -0,24), y positiva con el colesterol HDL (r = 0,29). El análisis de regresión sugiere que los niveles de HDL-C y RAGE predicen los niveles de sRAGE.Conclusiones: la expresión de RAGE se asocia con niveles más bajos de sRAGE en la obesidad infantil. ... (AU)
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Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso , Biomarcadores , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Introduction: Introduction: advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) interact with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Full-length RAGE is associated with intracellular signal transduction, and soluble-RAGE (sRAGE) lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, acting as a competitive inhibitor of AGEs-RAGE binding. sRAGE levels in healthy children are associated with cell surface expression of RAGE. However, the expression of RAGE has not been explored in childhood obesity. Objective: the study aim was to evaluate the sRAGE levels and the gene expression of RAGE in children and its association with cardiometabolic markers. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with 6-11-year children, 20 with overweight and 20 with obesity. Anthropometric measurements included waist circumference (cm) (WC), neck circumference (NC), weight (kg), fat mass (%), trunk fat (kg), muscular mass (kg), height (cm), and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2). Blood samples following an overnight fast were collected to measure glucose (mg/dl) and lipid profile with colorimetric methods. sRAGE was determined in serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) was performed to analyze RAGE transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by Ficoll®-Hypaque. Results: we found higher RAGE (p = 0.0315) and lower sRAGE (p = 0.0305) levels in the obesity group. sRAGE level showed a negative correlation with RAGE (r = -0.35) and BMI (r = -0.24), and positive with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.29). Regression analysis suggests that HDL-C and RAGE levels are predictors of sRAGE levels. Conclusions: expression of RAGE is associated with lower sRAGE levels in childhood obesity. Moreover, obese children show higher cardiometabolic risk markers, and a positively associated with sRAGE.
Introducción: Introducción: los productos finales de glicación avanzada (AGE) interactúan con el receptor de AGE (RAGE). El RAGE de longitud completa está asociado con la transducción de señales intracelulares y el RAGE soluble (sRAGE) carece de los dominios transmembrana y citoplásmico, actuando como un inhibidor competitivo de la unión de AGE-RAGE. Los niveles de sRAGE en niños sanos están asociados con la expresión de RAGE en la superficie celular. Sin embargo, la expresión de RAGE no se ha explorado en la obesidad infantil. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los niveles de sRAGE y la expresión génica de RAGE en niños y su asociación con marcadores cardiometabólicos. Métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal con niños de seis a once años, 20 con sobrepeso y 20 con obesidad. Las medidas antropométricas incluyeron la circunferencia de la cintura (cm) (CC), la circunferencia del cuello (NC), el peso (kg), la masa grasa (%), la grasa del tronco (kg), la masa muscular (kg), la altura (cm) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2). Se tomaron muestras de sangre después de una noche de ayuno para medir glucosa (mg/dl) y el perfil de lípidos con métodos colorimétricos. Los sRAGE se determinaron en suero utilizando un ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA). Se realizó una transcripción inversa cuantitativa (RT-qPCR) para analizar los transcritos de RAGE en células mononucleares de sangre periférica aisladas por Ficoll®-Hypaque. Resultados: encontramos niveles más altos de RAGE (p = 0,0315) y más bajos de sRAGE (p = 0,0305) en el grupo de obesidad. El nivel de sRAGE mostró una correlación negativa con RAGE (r = -0,35) e IMC (r = -0,24), y positiva con el colesterol HDL (r = 0,29). El análisis de regresión sugiere que los niveles de HDL-C y RAGE predicen los niveles de sRAGE. Conclusiones: la expresión de RAGE se asocia con niveles más bajos de sRAGE en la obesidad infantil. Además, los niños obesos muestran marcadores de riesgo cardiometabólico más elevados y una asociación positiva con sRAGE.
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RAGE is a multi-ligand transmembrane glycoprotein that promotes biological signals associated with inflammatory responses and degenerative diseases. sRAGE is a soluble variant, proposed as an inhibitor of RAGE activity. -374 T/A and -429 T/C polymorphisms of the advanced glycation end products receptor AGER gene are associated with the development of some diseases, such as type of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and micro and macrovascular disease in diabetes among others but their role in metabolic syndrome (MS) is still unknown. We studied 80 healthy men without MS, and 80 men with MS according to the harmonized criteria. -374 T/A and -429 T/C polymorphisms were genotyped by RT-PCR, and sRAGE was measured by ELISA. Allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ between Non-MS and MS groups (-374 T/A p = 0.48, p = 0.57 and -429 T/C p = 0.36, p = 0.59). Significant differences were found in fasting glucose levels and diastolic blood pressure among the genotypes of the -374 T/A polymorphism in the Non-MS group (p < 0.01 and p = 0.008). Glucose levels were different between -429 T/C genotypes in the MS group (p = 0.02). sRAGE levels were similar in both groups, but in the Non-MS group showed a significant difference between individuals with only 1 or 2 components of the metabolic syndrome (p = 0.047). However, no associations of any SNP with MS were found (recessive model p = 0.48, dominant model p = 0.82 for -374 T/A; recessive model p = 0.48, dominant model p = 0.42 for -429 T/C). -374 T/A and -429 T/C polymorphisms are not associated with MS in Mexican population and have no influence on serum sRAGE levels.
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This letter aims to reply to Bratchenko and Bratchenko's comment on our paper "Feasibility of Raman spectroscopy as a potential in vivo tool to screen for pre-diabetes and diabetes." Our paper analyzed the feasibility of using in vivo Raman measurements combined with machine learning techniques to screen diabetic and prediabetic patients. We argued that this approach yields high overall accuracy (94.3%) while retaining a good capacity to distinguish between diabetic (area under the receiver-operating curve [AUC] = 0.86) and control classes (AUC = 0.97) and a moderate performance for the prediabetic class (AUC = 0.76). Bratchenko and Bratchenko's comment focuses on the possible overestimation of the proposed classification models and the absence of information on the age of participants. In this reply, we address their main concerns regarding our previous manuscript.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Estado Pré-Diabético , Humanos , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
In this article, we investigated the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis method to noninvasively screen for prediabetes and diabetes in vivo. Raman measurements were performed on the skin from 56 patients with diabetes, 19 prediabetic patients and 32 healthy volunteers. These spectra were collected along with reference values provided by the standard glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assay. A multiclass principal component analysis and support vector machine (PCA-SVM) model was created from the labeled Raman spectra and was validated through a two-layer cross-validation scheme. Classification accuracy of the model was 94.3% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve AUC of 0.76 (0.65-0.84) for the prediabetic group, 0.86 (0.71-0.93) for the diabetic group and 0.97(0.93-0.99) for the control group. Our results suggest the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy for the classification of prediabetes and diabetes in vivo.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Estado Pré-Diabético , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Análise de Componente Principal , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Máquina de Vetores de SuporteRESUMO
Although several indices used in clinical practice identify cardiometabolic risk (CR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), it is imperative to develop indices for specific populations. Therefore, we proposed and validated sex-specific indices to identify CR associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation or MetS in Mexican adults. Additionally, a cut-off value for the visceral fat area (VFA) to identify CR was proposed. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, and body composition variables were evaluated in 904 subjects (25-45 years old) (84.4% men). Multiple and logistic regressions were used to model the indices and ROC curve analysis to determine predictive performance. An additional cohort (n = 186) was used for indices validation, and Cohen's kappa coefficient was employed for agreement analysis. The proposed sex-specific indices, called Mexican adiposity indices (MAIs) and biochemical-anthropometric indices (BAIs), were good predictors for CR and MetS. The kappa coefficients showed a moderate agreement level. The VFA cut-off value chosen to identify CR was 100.3 cm2 because it had the best combination of sensitivity (66.8%) and specificity (64.4%). MAIs and BAIs could be clinical tools to identify either CR associated to VAT accumulation or MetS, respectively. A VFA cut-off value of 100.3 cm2 could identify CR in Mexican men.
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Snack alternatives based on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been developed to promote pulse consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, sensory acceptance and the effect of common bean baked snack (CBBS) consumption on blood lipid levels in participants with overweight and altered blood lipid levels. A sensory evaluation by 80 untrained judges was carried out using a hedonic scale. A randomized crossover 2 × 2 trial was performed, where 20 participants with overweight and one blood lipid alteration consumed 32 g of CBBS or did not consume it (control) for four weeks. Blood samples were taken to quantify the triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, ApoB-100, glucose and insulin. Furthermore, anthropometric, dietary and physical activity parameters were recorded. The overall acceptance of CBBS was similar compared to popcorn (p > 0.05). The consumption of CBBS reduced the apolipoprotein B-100 levels (p = 0.008). This reduction could be associated with the additional dietary fiber consumption during the CBBS period (p = 0.04). Although it did not improve any other blood lipid or glucose parameters (p > 0.05), it did not affect them either, which means that the CBBS could be consumed without compromising cardiovascular health.
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Apolipoproteína B-100/sangue , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Phaseolus , Lanches/fisiologia , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Obesity can lead children and adolescents to an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A diet supplemented with Plantago psyllium has been shown to be effective in reducing LDL-C and IL-6 in adolescents. However, there are no studies that have explored small-dense LDL (sdLDL) or HDL subclasses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a fiber dietary intervention on LDL and HDL subclasses in adolescents with obesity. In this parallel, double blind, randomized clinical trial, the participants were assigned to Plantago psyllium or placebo (10g/day for 7 weeks). We randomized 113 participants, and evaluated and analyzed 100 adolescents (50 in each group), 15 to 19 years with a body mass index of 29-34. We measured biochemical markers LDL and HDL subclasses using the Lipoprint system (Quantimetrix) and IL-6 by ELISA. Post-treatment there was a decrease in sdLDL between the groups 2.0 (0-5.0) vs 1 (0-3.0) mg/dl (p = 0.004), IL-6 median 3.32 (1.24-5.96) vs 1.76 (0.54-3.28) pg/ml, p <0.0001. There were no differences in HDL subclasses and no adverse effects were reported in either group.Conclusions: Small dense LDL and IL-6 reduced in adolescents with obesity when consuming Plantago psyllium. This may be an early good strategy for the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk in this vulnerable population.Trial registration: ISRCTN # 14180431. Date assigned 24/08/2020 What is Known: ⢠Supplementing the diet with Plantago psyllium lowers LDL-C levels. What is New: ⢠First evidence that soluble fiber supplementation like Plantago psyllium decreases small dense LDL particles in association with lowered IL-6, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in obese adolescents.
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Plantago , Psyllium , Adolescente , Criança , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Interleucina-6 , ObesidadeRESUMO
Far beyond the compelling proofs supporting that the metabolic syndrome represents a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, a growing body of evidence suggests that it is also a risk factor for different types of cancer. However, the involved molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood, and they have been mainly focused on the individual contributions of each component of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and high blood pressure to the development of cancer. The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) axis activation has emerged as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of many clinical entities, by fueling a chronic inflammatory milieu, and thus supporting an optimal microenvironment to promote tumor growth and progression. In the present review, we intend to highlight that RAGE axis activation is a crosswise element on the potential mechanistic contributions of some relevant components of metabolic syndrome into the association with cancer.
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Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Inflamação , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Leptina/metabolismo , Ligantes , Camundongos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Receptores Ativados por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , Ratos , Transdução de Sinais , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Over consumption of added sugar is associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and insulin resistance (IR). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to study the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and NAFLD and their relationship with fructose consumption in children with obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in children 6-11 years old with obesity. Anthropometric measurements, fructose consumption, glucose, lipid profile, insulin, and IGFBP-1 levels were evaluated; the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was used. NAFLD was evaluated by ultrasound. RESULTS: We studied 83 children with a mean age of 9.2 ± 1.3 years. About 93% of the girls presented IR and lower levels of IGFBP-1 (p = 0.0001). The group with the lower levels of IGFBP-1 had higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.000002); IGFBP-1 was associated with fructose consumption (r = -0.25; p = 0.03), body mass index (BMI) (r=-0.42; p = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (r=-0.61; p = 0.002). About 81% of the children were classified as having mild or moderate/severe NAFLD, and these groups had higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.036) and fructose consumption (p = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS: The girls had more metabolic alterations. The group with lower levels of IGFBP-1 (hepatic IR) was associated with higher BMI, HOMA-IR, and fructose consumption; the group with higher severity of NAFLD showed higher HOMA-IR and fructose consumption.
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Frutose/administração & dosagem , Proteína 1 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Masculino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
We show the spectra of advanced glycation products in response to recent comments made by Bratchenko et al. Our results suggest that information retrieved by Raman spectroscopy is relevant to screening diabetic patients, however, the comparison carried out in our paper, between ANN and SVM, was not fair, because of the erroneous PCA selection procedure and different sources of variation present in the analysis.
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Background Over consumption of added sugar is associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and insulin resistance (IR). Objective The objective of the study was to study the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and NAFLD and their relationship with fructose consumption in children with obesity. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in children 6-11 years old with obesity. Anthropometric measurements, fructose consumption, glucose, lipid profile, insulin, and IGFBP-1 levels were evaluated; the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was used. NAFLD was evaluated by ultrasound. Results We studied 83 children with a mean age of 9.2 ± 1.3 years. About 93% of the girls presented IR and lower levels of IGFBP-1 (p = 0.0001). The group with the lower levels of IGFBP-1 had higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.000002); IGFBP-1 was associated with fructose consumption (r = −0.25; p = 0.03), body mass index (BMI) (r=−0.42; p = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (r=−0.61; p = 0.002). About 81% of the children were classified as having mild or moderate/severe NAFLD, and these groups had higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.036) and fructose consumption (p = 0.0014). Conclusions The girls had more metabolic alterations. The group with lower levels of IGFBP-1 (hepatic IR) was associated with higher BMI, HOMA-IR, and fructose consumption; the group with higher severity of NAFLD showed higher HOMA-IR and fructose consumption.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Proteína 1 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/metabolismo , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Frutose/administração & dosagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Frutose/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in adolescents with and without obesity (OB) and their correlation with vascular damage. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 15-19 years old adolescents: 33 with OB and 33 with normal weight (NW), each group included 17 male and 16 female. Lipid profile, insulin, carboxymethylysine (CML), sRAGE, total AGEs, and dietary AGEs intake (dAGEs) were evaluated. Vascular damage was measured by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and arterial stiffness index (Iß). Homeostatic model assessment-insulin (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic index (AI) were calculated. RESULTS: The group with OB had higher triglycerides (TG; p < 0.0001), AI (p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (p < 0.0001), dAGEs intake (p < 0.0001), lower CML (p = 0.05), total AGEs (p < 0.01), sRAGE (p < 0.001), and FMD (p < 0.002). In the total group, sRAGE correlated with AI (r = -0.26 p = 0.037); in the NW group, CML correlated with Iß (r = -0.36; p = 0.037); and in the group of adolescents with OB, sRAGE correlated with FMD (r = -0.37; p = 0.037) and Iß (r = 0.47; p = 0.006), while CML and total AGEs correlated with AI, p = 0.007 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The group of adolescents with OB showed higher cardiometabolic risk as shown by higher TG, AI, HOMA-IR, and lower sRAGE and FMD. sRAGE correlated negatively with FMD and positively with Iß, so it could be suggested as a biochemical marker of impaired endothelial function.
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Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/sangue , Doenças Vasculares/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lisina/análogos & derivados , Lisina/sangue , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Rigidez Vascular , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background and objectives: To identify the relationship between neck circumference (NC) and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Materials and Methods: Children and adolescents 6-18 years old (n = 548) from five counties of San Luis Potosí, México were included. Data was collected for biological markers (glucose and lipid profile) and anthropometric and clinical measurements-weight, height, NC, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using Quetelet formula (kg/m2). Descriptive analysis, correlation tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed. Results: NC was highly correlated with BMI and WC in both genders (p <0.0001). The most frequent risk factor was high BMI (38.7%). Sensitivity and specificity analysis of NC and high BMI showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.887. Conclusions: According to our findings, NC is a simple, low-cost, and non-invasive measurement, which has a high association with high BMI and increased WC.
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Antropometria/métodos , Doenças Metabólicas/classificação , Pescoço , Pesos e Medidas/normas , Adolescente , Antropometria/instrumentação , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Metabólicas/fisiopatologia , México , Pediatria/instrumentação , Pediatria/métodos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Medição de Risco/normas , Fatores de Risco , Pesos e Medidas/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Background: Consumption of dietary advanced glycation end products is linked to metabolic syndrome. The objective was to describe the association between dietary advanced glycation end products intake and metabolic syndrome in young Mexican adults. Methods: The present was a cross-sectional study in 126 Mexican adults 18â»35 years old evaluating metabolic syndrome through the harmonized criteria. Macronutrients and dietary advanced glycation end products intake were estimated through three 24-hour dietary recalls and food composition tables. Association between metabolic syndrome and high advanced glycation end products intake (≥10,000 kU/day) was evaluated through three logistic regression models adjusted by sex, age, family history of cardiometabolic diseases and energy intake. Results: Subjects with a higher advanced glycation end products intake were more likely to have impaired fasting glucose (OR: 4.91, 95% CI 1.29â»18.60, p < 0.05) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 2.67, 95% CI 0.96â»7.44, p = 0.059) than those participants with low consumption of these products after adjustment of sex, age, family history of cardiovascular disease and energy intake. Conclusions: High intake of dietary advanced glycation end products was significantly associated with impaired fasting glucose and marginally with metabolic syndrome in young Mexican adults regardless of sex, age, family history of cardiovascular disease and energy intake.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the most widely prevalent diseases worldwide and is currently screened by invasive techniques based on enzymatic assays that measure plasma glucose concentration in a laboratory setting. A promising plan of action for screening DM2 is to identify molecular signatures in a non-invasive fashion. This work describes the application of portable Raman spectroscopy coupled with several supervised machine-learning techniques, to discern between diabetic patients and healthy controls (Ctrl), with a high degree of accuracy. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), we accurately discriminated between DM2 and Ctrl groups with 88.9-90.9% accuracy, depending on the sampling site. In order to compare the ANN performance to more traditional methods used in spectroscopy, principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out. A subset of features from PCA was used to generate a support vector machine (SVM) model, albeit with decreased accuracy (76.0-82.5%). The 10-fold cross-validation model was performed to validate both classifiers. This technique is relatively low-cost, harmless, simple and comfortable for the patient, yielding rapid diagnosis. Furthermore, the performance of the ANN-based method was better than the typical performance of the invasive measurement of capillary blood glucose. These characteristics make our method a promising screening tool for identifying DM2 in a non-invasive and automated fashion.
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Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/etnologia , Assistência Alimentar , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Desnutrição/etnologia , Anemia/etnologia , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle , Pré-Escolar , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , México/epidemiologia , Micronutrientes , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Projetos Piloto , Prevalência , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/etnologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Desnutrição/etnologia , Assistência Alimentar , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Projetos Piloto , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência , Micronutrientes , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Dieta , Anemia/etnologia , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR), increased levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) as well as with augmented hepatic de novo lipogenesis, which implies increased triose phosphate fluxes that may lead to increased methylglyoxal (MG) and its catabolic end product D-lactate. We hypothesized that obese adolescents have increased D-lactate serum levels associated with high incidence of sd-LDL. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study where the anthropometric characteristics, atherogenic dyslipidemia complex, sd-LDL (Lipoprint, Quantimetrix) and D-lactate (kinetic enzymatic analysis) were explored in 30 lean vs. 30 obese adolescents (16 females and 14 males per group) without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD, by ultrasound) and arterial lesion by carotid intima media thickness (CIMT, by ultrasound) were also measured. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 16.8 ± 1.4 years. Obese adolescents had a body mass index of 32.7 ± 3.8 vs. 21.8 ± 2.1 in lean participants. The obesity group showed higher D-lactate levels: 6.2 ± 3.0 vs. 4.5 ± 2.5 µmol/L, higher levels of insulin: 15 (9.6-23.5) vs. 7.9 (6.5-10.5) µIU/mL; triglyceride (TG): 1.46 (1.1-1.8) vs. 0.84 (0.6-1.2) mmol/L; non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (NON-HDL-C): 2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 mmol/L; total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C) index: 2.9 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5; TG/HDL-C index: 2.2 (1.5-2.8) vs. 1.1 (0.8-1.8); %LDL-3: 4.2 ± 4.07 vs. 1.9 ± 2.7; smaller LDL size: 270.6 ± 3 vs. 272.2 ± 1.1 Å. D-lactate correlated positively with LDL-2: r = 0.44 and LDL-3 (sd-LDL): r = 0.49 and negatively with large LDL-1: r = -0.48 and LDL size: r = -0.46; (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Obese adolescents showed higher CIMT: 0.51 ± 0.08 vs. 0.46 ± 0.08 mm and lower FMD: 20.3% ± 6.7% vs. 26.0% ± 9.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Obese adolescents display subclinical signs of IR and endothelial dysfunction. Higher serum sd-LDL levels correlated positively with D-lactate levels. These findings suggest an association between atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia and whole body MG fluxes already detectable in apparently healthy obese adolescents.
Assuntos
Ácido Láctico/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/química , Índice de Massa Corporal , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Estudos Transversais , Dislipidemias/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Ácido Láctico/química , Masculino , México , Aldeído Pirúvico/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) is measured in food, but there is a controversy concerning the most convenient yet reliable method(s) for this task. This work compares three different ELISA assays and HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS for the analysis of CML in several food items. The four methods showed the same decreasing order of CML concentration: beef, bacon>chicken > fish>dairy products>grain products>fruits/vegetables. HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS results highly correlated with those obtained by ELISA performed with monoclonal CML-antibody (ß=0.98, p<0.0001) whereas My Bio Source® kit results were not correlated with those provided by Lamider®. Small differences of CML concentrations in food items prepared by different culinary treatment were clearly distinguished by HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS, but could not always be detected by ELISA. This work demonstrates a reasonable relationship between CM determined by ELISA and HPLC-ESI-ITMS/MS and therefore supports the implementation of ELISA in food CML/AGEs screening.