Assessment by proxy of the SF-36 and WHO-DAS 2.0. A systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In some cases, for the evaluation of the health status of patients it is not possible to obtain data directly from the patient. The objective of this study was to determine if the instruments that cannot be applied to the patient can be completed by a proxy. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out and 20 studies were included. The instruments reviewed in this synthesis were: Short Form-36 (SF-36), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), WHODAS 2.0, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Disability Rating Scale (DRS). RESULTS: The levels of agreement between the responses of the patients and the proxies were good, mainly when evaluating HRQoL and functioning with the SF-36 and WHODAS 2.0 instruments, respectively, with a higher level of agreement in the more objective and observable domains such as physical functioning and lower level of agreement in less objective domains, such as emotional or affective status, and self-perception. CONCLUSION: In patients who cannot complete the different instruments, the use of a proxy can help avoid the omission of responses.

Adaptations for rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic proposed by scientific organizations and rehabilitation professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To describe adaptations in the provision of rehabilitation services proposed by scientific and professional rehabilitation organizations to avoid interruptions to patients rehabilitation process and delays in starting rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: A narrative review approach was used to identify the recommendations of scientific and professional organizations in the area of rehabilitation. A systematic search was performed in the main data-bases in 78 international and regional web portals of rehabilitation organizations. A total of 21 publications from these organizations were identified and selected. RESULTS: The results are presented in 4 categories: adequacy of inpatient services, including acute care services and intensive care unit for patients with and without COVID-19; adequacy of outpatient services, including home-based rehabilitation and tele-rehabilitation; recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19; and regulatory standards and positions during the COVID-19 pandemic expressed by organizations for protecting the rights of health workers and patients. CONCLUSION: Health systems around the world are rapidly learning from actions aimed at the reorganization of rehabilitation services for patients who are in the process of recovery from acute or chronic conditions, and the rapid response to the rehabilitation of survivors of COVID-19, as well as from efforts in the prevention of contagion of those providing the services.

Costos de atención y rehabilitación de pacientes con lesiones por accidentes de tránsito en el mundo / Treatment and Rehabilitation costs of patients with injuries caused by traffic accidents in the world / Custos de atendimento e reabilitação de pacientes com ferimentos por acidentes de transido no mundo

Objetivo: Conocer los costos directos (CD) e indirectos (CI) de la atención de pacientes con lesiones por accidentes de tránsito (AT) en el mundo. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage y Scielo de estudios de costos de atención de víctimas de AT mayores de 16 años, entre 2008 y 2013. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó con criterios extraídos de Drummond y col, y del " Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (CHEERS)" y otros definidos por los autores. Se evaluaron los CD, los CI. La carga de la enfermedad (CE), se hizo con los Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad (AVAD), y Años de Vida ajustados por Calidad (AVAC). Se analizaron los costos generados por discapacidad/rehabilitación y Trauma craneoencefálico (TEC). Los costos monetarios en dólares americanos (USD) de 2010 ajustados por inflación. Resultados: Se analizaron 14 estudios, seis de buena calidad. Se encontraron estudios con 567.000 pacientes y 10 años de duración, costos directos de 48.082 e indirectos de 29.706 USD por paciente; los costos indirectos superaron los directos. La carga de la enfermedad mostró amplia variabilidad; en un estudio el 60% de los pacientes con TEC grave y 20% moderado quedaron con discapacidad corto plazo y en otro el 4,6% quedó con discapacidad a largo plazo. Conclusiones: Existe gran heterogeneidad en los estudios, no hay consenso para evaluar la calidad de estos estudios. Los costos indirectos de accidentes de tránsito superan los directos. Los costos derivados de discapacidad y rehabilitación son poco evaluados.

Objective: to know the direct (DC) and indirect costs (IC) generated by the treatment of patients with moderate or severe injuries caused by traffic accidents (TA) in the world. Methodology: a systematic review of studies assessing the costs of treating victims of traffic accidents older than 16 between 2008 and 2013 was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage and Scielo databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using criteria from Drummond and col, as well as the "Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (CHEERS)" and other mechanisms defined by the authors. DCs and ICs were assessed. The burden of disease (BD) was obtained with the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), and the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). The costs generated by disability /rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury (TBI) were analyzed. The monetary costs were expressed in 2010 US dollars (USD) adjusted for inflation. Results: 14 studies were analyzed, 6 of which had a good quality. We found studies with up to 567.000 patients and a duration of 10 years. Direct costs were up to USD 48.082 and indirect costs up to USD 29.706 per patient; the direct costs were exceeded by the indirect costs. The burden of disease showed high variability. In one study, 60% of the patients with severe TBI and 20% with moderate TBI had short term disability; in another study 4.6% of the patients sustained long-term disability. Conclusions: there is great heterogeneity in the cost studies. There is no consensus for assessing the quality of these studies. The indirect costs incurred in traffic accidents are greater than direct costs. The costs of disability and rehabilitation are poorly assessed.

Objetivo: conhecer os custos diretos (cd) e indiretos (ci) do atendimento de pacientes com ferimentos por acidentes de trânsito (at) no mundo. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática em PubMed, Embase, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Journal Storage e Storage de estudos de custos de atendimento de cítimas de at com mais de 16 anos, entre 2 e 2013. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada com critérios extraídos de Drummond y col e do "Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement (cheers)" e com outros definidos pelos autores. Avaliaram-se os DC, os CI. A carga da doença (cd) realizou-se com os Anos de Vida Ajustados por Deficiência (avad), e com Anos de Vida ajustados por Qualidade (avaq). Analisaram-se os custos gerados por Deficiência/reabilitação e Traumatismos cranioencefálicos (tce). Os custos monetários em dólares americanos (usd) de 2010 ajustados por inflação. Resultados : analisaram-se 14 estudos, seis de boa qualidade. Encontraram-se estudos com 567.000 pacientes e 10 anos de duração, custos diretos de 48.082 e indiretos de 29.706 usd por paciente. Os custos indiretos foram superiores aos diretos. A carga da doença mostrou gandre variabilidade. Em um estudo, 60% dos pacientes com tce sério e 20% moderado ficaram com deficiência de curto prazo e em outro, 4,6% ficou com Deficiência de longo prazo. Conclusão: existe grande heterogeneidade nos estudos, não há consenso para avaliar a qualidade destes estudos. Os custos indiretos de acidentes de trânsito são superiores os indiretos. Os custos derivados de Deficiência e de reabilitação são pouco avaliados.

Calidad de vida de pacientes con obstrucción maligna del esófago, la vía biliar y la vía urinaria sometidos a intervencionismo radiológico paliativo: Informe Preliminar Medellín, Colombia / Quality of life of patients with malignant obstruction of the esophagus, the bile ducts and the urinary tract after palliative radiological interventions

En el momento de hacer el diagnóstico de los tumores malignos que ocasionan obstrucción del esófago, la vía biliar y el tracto urinario, la mayoría de los pacientes no tiene otras opciones terapéuticas excepto los cuidados paliativos. La presencia de síntomas molestos e incapacitantes, así como la amenaza a la existencia y el miedo a la muerte comprometen la calidad de vida. En este trabajo se realizaron a 25 pacientes procedimientos intervencionistas radiológicos como fueron: prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles en el esófago y en la vía biliar y nefrostomía percutánea. Se evaluaron, antes del procedimiento y a los 1, 3 y 6, meses la evolución de los síntomas clínicos, los criterios paraclínicos, las complicaciones de los procedimientos, el dolor por medio de la escala análoga visual y la calidad de vida por medio del cuestionario SF36. En los 8 pacientes con cáncer de esófago mejoraron el dolor y la disfagia y se mantuvieron el índice de masa corporal y la calidad de vida. En los 11 con obstrucción urinaria mejoraron el nitrógeno ureico, la creatinina y la calidad de vida al primer mes y al tercero. En los 6 que tenían obstrucción maligna de la vía biliar mejoraron los niveles de bilirrubina, el prurito, las náuseas y la calidad de vida al mes, con estabilidad del estado nutricional.

El Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, en el currículo de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia / Problem Based Learning as The basis of a Medical Curriculum reform in Medellin, Colombia

El aprendizaje basado en problemas es un modelo de enseñanza y aprendizaje que transforma las prácticas de la educación médica. En la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia su implementación está en la base de la reforma curricular que ha permitido superar algunas deficiencias del proceso de formación de médicos y proponer un modelo que se centra en el aprendizaje significativo, social y cooperativo a través de la resolución de problemas.

Problem based learning is a teaching-learning model that may transform medical education practices. This model is the basis of a curricular reform at the Medical School, University of Antioquia, in Medellín, Colombia. Such reform has allowed to overcome some of the difficulties and deficiencies commonly found in the process of training doctors; besides, it has been possible to propose a curricular model centered on meaningful, social and cooperative learning through problem solving