EGFR immunoexpression and peripheral blood cytokine secretion as potential biomarkers of tumor behavior in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the dysregulated cell growth and increased aggressiveness of human cancers. The purpose of this study was to analyze EGFR immunoexpression in neoplastic tissues and IL-6 and TNFalpha secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to investigate their relationships with certain clinicopathological characteristics. MATERIAL/METHODS: Tumor expression of membranous and cytoplasmic EGFR was measured in 45 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by IHC staining. IL-6 and TNFalpha concentrations in 21-h PBMC cultures were measured by ELISA. Relationships between EGFR and cytokine secretion and clinicopathological characteristics such as pT status, pN status, and TFG classification, which include the parameters of the most invasive zones of neoplastic tissue and histological grade, were analyzed. RESULTS: The membranous EGFR index had a very strong association with pT stage, mode of invasion, and lymphocytic plasma infiltration of the tumor stroma. Relationships between the cytoplasmic EGFR index and nuclear polymorphism as well as TFG score for advanced carcinomas and histological grade in less invasive tumors were highlighted. The correlations of IL-6 and TNFalpha levels with TFG score, pT status, histological grade, and mode of tumor invasion were also significant. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirmed the importance of EGFR immunoexpression rate as well as IL-6 and TNFalpha secretion by PBMCs as potential biomarkers for assessing the aggressive tumor phenotype in laryngeal carcinoma.

[Clinical ocular-motor disturbances in multiple sclerosis]. / Kliniczna ocena zaburzen ruchowych galek ocznych w stwardnieniu rozsianym.

UNLABELLED: Otoneurologic bedside examination with testing eye movements gives valuable information about static and dynamic properties of balance system and may give topodiagnostyc information about the side of lesion in patients with vertigo, dizziness and disequilibrium. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: was to present the scheme of otoneurological bedside examination and usefulness of ocular motor disturbances index in evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis patients status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty patients with diagnosis of MS, seen in outpatient neurology clinic, Medical University of Lodz, from 2002 to 2004, were enrolled into the study. Patient's history of vertigo, dizziness, hearing loss and vision disturbances were evaluated. The clinical bedside ocularmotor examination was performed in all patients. It was composed of seven tests on the basis on which we introduce ocular motor disturbances index--IRZ. RESULTS: The most frequent abnormalities were found in clinical saccadic test in 30% and smooth pursuit in 22%. MS patients who had in clinical eye movements examination IRZ bigger than 3 point formed the abnormal clinical examination group' (ACE)-- 31.7%. In u 68.3% the index was less than normal clinical examination group' (NCE). The longer duration of the disease was observed in ACE group. Comparisons of functional neurological score EDSS and for cerebellar and brainstem subscale were significantly greater in ACE group. CONCLUSION: Otoneurological bedside examinations with dynamic tests and introducing quantitative the ocular motor disturbances index is a valuable method of evaluation of visual-ocularmotor reflex and may be used in monitoring MS course of disease.

Impact of EGFR immunoexpression on STAT3 activation and association with proinflammatory/regulatory cytokine pattern in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) results in the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), a transcriptional factor associated with carcinogenesis. Proinflammatory cytokines are capable of activating a tumor cell death program by reducing EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. This study aimed to identify EGFR expression in laryngeal carcinoma and determine the relationship with STAT3 and proinflammatory/regulatory cytokine secretion. An analysis of EGFR expression (membranous EGFR-m and cytoplasmic EGFR-c) was performed in tumor tissues by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in 45 medical cases of laryngeal carcinoma. STAT3 expression in freshly isolated tumor and non-cancerous normal epithelial cells by RT-PCR was analyzed in 24 patients after total larynx resection. The concentrations of TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IFNgamma secreted by purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or contained in whole blood samples were measured by ELISA. The relationship between EGFR and mRNA STAT3 expression as well as the level of secreted cytokines was investigated. In our study, 93.3% tumors expressed EGFR-m and 37.8% EGFR-c. It also revealed a statistically significant dependence of the EGFR status on STAT3 expression in neoplastic tissues. Tumors with IHC EGFR-m positive staining >50% of the total number of cells, as well as with EGFR-c positive staining, were characterized by the most frequent presence of STAT3 expression. Our data demonstrate a significant negative relationship between EGFR-m expression and TNFalpha concentration, and a positive connection between membranous EGFR and IL-8 or IFNgamma levels recorded in isolated PBMCs. Furthermore, this study revealed a significant relationship between EGFR-c immunoexpression and IL-8 or IFNgamma concentration. Our findings have confirmed a key role of EGFR in determining the proliferative and malignant potential of laryngeal carcinoma.

The expression of SOCS1 and TLR4-NFkappaB pathway molecules in neoplastic cells as potential biomarker for the aggressive tumor phenotype in laryngeal carcinoma.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is the key regulator of cytokine-mediated innate and adaptive immunity. One of the molecular mechanisms of SOCS1 is connected with inhibition of TLR4-NFkappaB pathway. The relationships among these molecules in laryngeal carcinoma are not exactly known. In this preliminary study we focused on their special activity and role in regulation of development and progression of laryngeal carcinoma. To investigate NFkappaB (p65 subunit) nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in 45 tumor samples of advanced laryngeal carcinoma IHC staining was performed. To determine the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, IRAK1, TRAF6 and SOCS1 in isolated neoplasm cells and non-cancerous adjacent mucosa epithelial cells RT-PCR was used. The invasiveness of laryngeal carcinomas was evaluated according to tumor front grading, TFG, which included tumor-related features (cytoplasmic differentiation, nuclear polymorphism, number of mitoses) and adjacent stroma-related characteristics of the peripheral edge of tumor infiltration (mode of infiltration, depth of invasion and plasmalymphocytic infiltration). The relationships between pT, pN status, the histological G grade, certain clinicopathological characteristics as well as postoperative observation time and the mRNA expression of the molecules mentioned earlier were investigated. Significant differences of TLR4-NFkappaB pathway molecules and SOCS1 mRNA expression in laryngeal tumor cells and normal adjacent mucosa cells as well as significant interconnections of TLR4, SOCS1 and NFkappaB(p65) in isolated tumor cells were obtained. This preliminary study demonstrated that the expression of SOCS1 and TLR4-NFkappaB pathway molecules had a strong association with the aggressiveness of laryngeal carcinoma. Positive relationships of TRAF6 in tumor margin cells with the histological grade and the mode of tumor invasion as well as the TFG total score were highlighted. Significant positive correlations were found between the TLR4 in tumor central cells and the TFG total score. Negative relationships of SOCS1 in tumor central cells with the histological grade were also noted. Significant positive correlations were found between the cytoplasmic NFkappaB(p65) and the mode of invasion as well as TFG total score. Our findings confirmed the importance of SOCS1 and TLR4-NFkappaB pathway molecules as potential biomarkers for assessment of the aggressive tumor phenotype in laryngeal carcinoma.

[Expression of transcription nuclear factor NFkappaB in laryngeal carcinoma tumor cells--correlation with IL-10 expression by blood mononuclear cells and clinicomorphological features]. / Ekspresja transkrypcyjnego czynnika jadrowego NFkappaB w komórkach raka krtani--korelacja z ekspresja IL-10 oraz cechami kliniczno-morfologicznymi guza.

PURPOSE: Transcription nuclear factor NFkappaB (p65-p50/RelA) is an activator of transcription process and regulates the apoptosis, cell cycle, proliferation, secretion of cytokines, angiogenic and growth factors by initiation gene transcription. NFkappaB can be activated by signaling pathway following IL-10 stimulation. The aim of this study was to estimate NFkappaB cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoexpression and to analyze the connection with clinicopathological features and IL-10 concentration produced by blood mononuclear cells in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of NFkappaB expression by immunmohistochemistry and IL-10 production by PBMCs and measured by Elisa in 45 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx were performed. Connections NFkappaB immunoexpression with clinicomorphological features (pT, pN, Anneroth, Batsakis i Lunas' classification) and IL-10 secretion were analyzed. RESULTS: Authors reported statistical correlation between NFkappaB cytoplasmic level and clinicomorphological parameters such as neoplasm advance according to Anneroth, Batsakis i Lunas' classification and depth of invasion as well as IL-10 secretion by PBMCs. CONCLUSION: Our studied indicated the important influence of NFkappaB activity on advance in laryngeal carcinoma as well as connection of anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokine IL-10 produced by immunocompetent cells for course of neoplasm disease.

[Production of proinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cocultures with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx]. / Wydzielanie cytokin prozapalnych przez jednojadrzaste komórki krwi obwodowej w hodowli z komórkami raka plaskonablonkowego krtani.

PURPOSE: Antitumor mechanisms of cellular immune response are connected with the cytokines activity secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The aim of this study was estimation of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF- ) concentration in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and analysis of directed influence of neoplasm cells to the function of PBMC and modification of cytokine profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For analysis of cytokine secretion, the cultures of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with marginal neoplasm cells and noncancerous adjacent mucosa cells from 55 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were established. Production of cytokines in 21h and 72h culture supernatants was detected by Elisa. RESULTS: Authors reported the increase of IL-6 and decrease of TNF- concentration in cultures of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with marginal neoplasm cells and non-cancerous adjacent mucosa cells. CONCLUSION: The presence of laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells in PBMC culture can modify immunocompetent cells activity and production of proinflammatory cytokines.

[Results of treatment papilloma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses]. / Wyniki leczenia brodawczaków jamy nosa i zatok przynosowych.

INTRODUCTION: Papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a benign tumor originated from nose mucosa. Especially inverted papilloma tumor has a significant recurrence and malignancy potential rate. The aim of the study was the analysis of clinical and treatment outcomes of patients with papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective analysis was curried out on 41 patients--16 with papiloma of the nasal vestibule and 25 with inverted papilloma the nose and paranasal sinuses surgically treated in I ENT Clinic Medical University in Lodz between 1998-2004 years. We analyzed patient's complains, clinical data and surgical follow-up results. RESULTS: The most frequent complains was increasing unilateral nasal obstruction and rhinorhea. Nasal vestibule papilloma were intranasal removed in all cases. In extended tumor nose and paranasal sinuses in 14 cases intranasal procedures, in 7 sublabial approached, in 4 lateral rhynothomy were performed. In 5 patient local recurrences was observed and in 3 neoplasmatic transformation. CONCLUSION: The choice of surgical management should be individual with respect to tumor localization and extension of neoplasmatic process. The treatment result depends of radical tumor resection.

[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in parapharyngeal space tumor--case report]. / Trudnosci diagnostyczne i lecznicze w guzach przestrzeni przygardlowej--opis przypadku.

Only 0.5% of head and neck tumors originate from parapharyngeal space. Malignant neoplasms of parapharyngeal space are exceptionally rare (20% of all tumors in this area). Their rarity form a complex diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Authors reports a case of 53-year old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of parapharyngeal space that caused particular difficulties in diagnosis. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and preliminary outcome of treatment are presented.

[Production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells--correlation with clinicomorphological features in laryngeal carcinoma]. / Wydzielanie wybranych cytokin przez monocytarne komórki krwi--korelacja z cechami kliniczno-morfologicznymi w raku krtani.

INTRODUCTION: In studied analyzed role of the cytokines in pathology of neoplasms of various origin the importance of these proteins in regulation of immunocompetent cells function has been described. The aim of this study was to estimate of cho sen cytokines concentration produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in whole blood in patients with laryngeal carcinoma and to analyze the connection of cytokines profile with clinicopathological features. MATERIALA AND METHODS: 55 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated at ENT Department Medical University of Lodz between 2003-2007 were analyzed. For estimation of cytokine secretion the cultures of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (T lymphocytes) and the whole blood were established. Production of cytokines in supernatants was detected by Elisa. Connections with clinicomorphological features (pT, pN, Anneroth, Batsakis i Lunas' classification) were analyzed. RESULTS: Authors reported statistical correlation between chosen cytokines concentration and clinicomorphological parameters: pT and IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha produced by isolated cells and IL-2, IL-6, TNFa and IFNgamma in whole blood, pN and IL-8, IL-10, IFNgamma; ABL score and IL-6, TNFalpha, IFNgamma produced by isolated cells and IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha, IFNgamma in whole blood. CONCLUSION: Our studied indicated the important influence of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines produced by immunocompetent cells for course of neoplasm disease, aggressiveness and advance in laryngeal carcinoma.

[Tumors of the parotid gland--management and results of surgical treatment]. / Guzy slinianki przyusznej-obraz kliniczny, sposób postEpowania i wyniki leczenia.

INTRODUCTION: Tumors of the salivary glands are uncommon and represent 2-4% of head and neck neoplasms. Most tumors originate in the parotid gland, from which 10 to 15% are found to be malignant. Different methods of surgical treatment can be performed depending on the type, localization and size of tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the medical data of 138 patients with parotid gland tumors who where treated in our departament between 1997-2007 was done. RESULTS: There were 74 women and 64 men. Benign tumors were found in 104 patients with the pleomorphic adenoma as the most common (53 cases). The rest histological type were Whartin's tumor, myoepithelial and basal cell adenoma respectively. Malignant neoplasms were diagnosed in 16 patients, most commonly mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The most frequent localization of the tumor after dividing the parotid gland into four parts was postero-inferior pole. 68 patients (49.27%) had superficial parotidectomy, extracapsular dissection was performed in 65 cases (47.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of tumors of the parotid gland, their histological types and methods of surgical treatment in our data support other studies. Ultrasonography is the key procedure in the diagnosis of tumors of the parotid gland, qualification into surgical treatment and postoperative observation. In extracapsular dissection the risk of the facial nerve paralysis is lower than in other technics.

[Juvenile angiofibroma in adults]. / Naczyniakowlókniak mlodzienczy u doroslych.

INTRODUCTION: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign lesion which is characterized by three distinctive features: it occurs only in one sex, one period of age and in one location in the organism. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Basing on literature and our series concerning 36 patients treated during 50 years, we present atypical cases of angiofibroma. All of them accomplished patomorphological and clinical criteria of this neoplasm, beside of age and sex. Our study reports three cases of angiofibroma, two of them concerning males aged 34 and 49 years and one case - female aged 68 years. RESULTS: Clinical and radiological investigation revealed tumor in typical location - posterior part of nasal cavity and nasopharynx in all patients, with it's extension to paranasal sinuses in 2 cases. The preoperative supraselective embolisation was performed in two cases. Results of histological examination of our atypical cases were similar as in angiofibromas observed in adolescents. All patients were treated surgically by different approaches according to tumor's extension. A recurrence has occurred in one patient after nearly two years and was treated successfully by reoperation. In two other patients no recurrence was observed during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study concerning the occurrence of juvenile angiofibroma in adults, also in female, as the other observations from literature may constitute some remarks in discussion about the pathogenesis and clinics of this tumor.

[Solitary fibrous tumor of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and anterior fossa]. / Solitary fibrous tumor nosa, zatok sitowych i przedniego dolu czaszki.

Solitary fibrous is rare mesenchymal neoplasm that usually arises in the pleura or less commonly is related to other serosal surfaces. There were reported SFTs in some extrapleural locations. There locations cause diagnostic difficulties. Ethmoid sinuses, nasal cavity and anterior fossa are rare site for SFTs. Authors report a case of SFT of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and anterior fossa in 33 year-old woman to show the difficulty and importance of recognition. Diagnostic procedures and medical treatment are presented. This report pays attention that SFT should be taken into consideration during diagnostic process of spindle-cell lesions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in order to avoid some confusions.

Identification of internuclear ophthalmoplegia signs in multiple sclerosis patients. Saccade test analysis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), due to the diverse nature of the disease, have many types of eye movement disorders, particularly internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO). The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of a quantitative statistical saccade test analysis for identification of INO in MS patients. METHODS: Sixty MS patients and 50 volunteers underwent clinical bedside ocularmotor examination and electrooculographic evaluation in a tertiary referral university hospital. Simultaneous electro-oculography recordings of each eye separately were made. In the saccade test, the versional dysconjugacy index (VDI) for saccades velocity and the Z score analysis were applied. RESULTS: Clinical eye movements disorders were found in 32% of patients. In the MS patients saccades velocity was significantly lower compared with the control group. Based on the results of the control group, we established the cut off values for VDI (1.04) and corresponded Z score (4.46) as the criterion indicated the presence of INO signs in MS patients. We confirmed clinical evidence of different degrees of INO in 15% of patients, and found subclinical INO signs in 20% of patients. CONCLUSION: The EOG registration is a sensitive electrophysiological method for detecting subtle deficits of ocular motility. Saccade test analysis with calculation of the VDI and the Z-test score is a valuable method for identifying subclinical INO signs in MS patients.

[Expression of activation antigens on the lymphocytes T in patients with carcinoma of the larynx and connection with tumor features]. / Ekspresja wybranych antygenów aktywacji na limfocytach T u chorych z rakiem krtani a cechy kliniczno-morfologiczne guza.

INTRODUCTION: Results of studies analyzing the role of immunocompetent cells in tumor environment and whole peripheral blood indicate their responsibility for aggressiveness of neoplasm, prognosis and therapeutic effect. Atcivation of lymhocytes T is connected with expression the markers (antigens) on their surface. The aim of this study was the analysis of activation antigens expression on lymphocytes T in patients with laryngeal carcinoma and the connection with clinicomorphological features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of activation antigens expression CD69, CD71 and CD25, CD26, HLA/DR on lymphocytes T CD4+ i CD8+ in 33 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx was performed. Flow cytometry-based analysis of activation antigens in T cell cultures with and without PHA stimulation was used. The connection of these molecules and clinicomorphological features was examined (pT, pN, G, Anneroth, Batsakis and Lunas' classification). RESULTS: The significant correlation between chosen markers of activation and tumor features were noted: pT with HLA/DR/CD4, CD69CD8, CD71CD8, pN with CD26CD8, G with CD25CD8, CD71CD8, ABL score with CD25CD4. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated the connetion of immunocompetent cell activity and spread of neoplasm in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

[Correlation of membrane type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression with clinicomorphological features of tumor front in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx]. / Korelacja ekspresji metaloproteinazy blonowej macierzy zewnatrzkomórkowej typu I (MT1-MMP) we froncie nacieku nowotworowego z cechami kliniczno--morfologicznymi w raku plalkonablolkowym krtani.

UNLABELLED: Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes contribute to tumor expansion by degrading components of the extracellular matrix. MPPs play a key role in tumor invasion and metastases of various cancers and head and neck carcinoma as well. The aim of this study was to investigate MT1-MMP expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx to relate these levels of expression to clinicohistological features of the tumor and lymph nodes e.g. TNM, nodal micrometastases, tumor front grading and 3- and 5-year survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 22 patients with laryngeal cancer surgical treated in ENT Department Medical University of Lódz between 1998 and 1999. The expression of MT1-MMP was evaluated immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies anti-MT1-MMP (Mouse Anti-Human MT1-MMP, MAB3319 Chemicon). The polyclonal antibodies anti-CK for developing nodal micrometastases was used as well. RESULTS: Positive MT1-MMP expression in 68.2% cases was observed. Immunoexpression of MT1-MMP in advanced laryngeal carcinoma as indicator for 3-year survival was noted. In addition, levels of staining correlated with number of mitoses in tumor front and plasmocytolymphatic infiltration in its environment. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of MT1-MMP in tumor front appears to play an important role in determining prognosis in patients with carcinoma of the larynx.

[Preseptal orbital abscess as a post-traumatic late complication--review of the literature and case report]. / Rozlegly ropien przedprzegrodowy jako pózne powiklanie pourazowe oczodolowe-- przeglad pismiennictwa i opis przypadku.

Preseptal orbital cellulitis and orbital abscess are rare post-traumatic late orbital complications. Authors reported a case of anterior orbital abscess following craniofacial trauma in a 47-year-old men. Diagnostic procedures, therapeutic intervention were presented and literature reviewed.

[Clinico-histopathological characteristic of inverted papilloma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses cases treated in Department of Laryngological Oncology UM of Lodz between 2002-2006--review of latest literature]. / Kliniczno-histopatologiczna charakterystyka przypadków brodawczaka odwróconego jam nosa i zatok przynosowych leczonych w Klinice Laryngologii Onkologicznej UM w Lodzi w latach 2002-2006--przeglad najnowszego pismiennictwa.

Authors introduced diagnostic procedures, clinico-morphological features and treatment results of 16 cases of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses inverted papillomas treated surgically on Department of Laryngological Oncology of Medical University of Lodz between 2002-2006. References review, definition, classification, clinico-hiostopathological criteria and treatment methods of Schneiderian papilloma were introduced in study.

[Morphological tumor front grading and matrix metalloproteinases type I expression as a prognostic parameter of the presence of lymph node micrometastases in laryngeal carcinoma]. / Morfologiczna ocena nacieku nowotworowego oraz ekspresji metaloproteinazy blonowej macierzy zewnatrzkomórkowej typu I jako prognostyczny wskaznik powstawania mikroprzerzutów w raku krtani.

INTRODUCTION: Occult foci of neoplasm cells in lymph nodes (referred to as micrometastases) in various squamous cell carcinomas may be discovered by immunohistochemistry by using anti-CKs (cytokeratine filaments) policlonal antibodies which reactive with epithelial cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic family enzymes represent a group of endopeptidases which are capable to degrading components of the extracellular matrix and have been implicated as playing an important role in cancer invasion and metastases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphological parameters and to investigate MT1-MMP expression in laryngeal carcinoma to relate the expression to CKs in pN0 lymph nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To presented the direct correlation between the morphological features of tumor front and the probability of micrometastases and prediction of prognosis we have analyzed 22 patients operated for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. The total score of TFG classification, tumor clinicomorphological features and grade of matrix metalloproteinase membrane type 1 staining in tumor front were analyzed to predict the presence of micrometastases and prognosis. Immunohistochemical methods with a panel of CKs antigens in lymph nodes and MT1-MMP expression in tumor tissue were performed. RESULTS: Our study showed that the total morphologic score TFG is very useful in the prediction of micrometastases in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The statistical analysis has revealed a significant correlation between the total TFG score and the depth of invasion and the presence of micrometastases. Positive MT1-MMP expression in 68.2% cases was observed. There was no significant relationship for immunoexpression of MT1-MMP in examined group of patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma and positive poliCKs stain in lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of study suggest that extended traditional pathologic evaluation by features from the TFG classification, especially the depth of invasion, could aid in diagnosis of micrometastases. The positive expression of poliCKs in the conventional pathological examination of pN0 lymph nodes appears to play an important role in determining prognosis in patients with carcinoma of the larynx.

[Vascular malformation of the head and neck--diagnosis and treatment]. / Malformacje naczyniowe glowy i szyi--trudnosci diagnostyczne i lecznicze.

UNLABELLED: Vascular malformations are the most common anomalies appearing from birth to any adulthood. They are not clinically and morphologically homogenous group. They may occur at different place but most often in the subcutaneous or submucous space in the oral cavity, pharynx, the paranasal sinuses and nose. The aim of this study was to present the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of head and neck vascular malformations in patients hospitalized in ENT Department University of Lodz from 2001 to 2006. From 17 patients with vascular malformations we choose four to careful evaluation. Two patients had neck vascular malformation, two had the paranasal and nose sinuses tumors. Presented lesions were categorized as "low-flow" vascular malformation. In two cases there was vascular and lymphatic malformation, deeply located in the neck. In two cases arisen in the nose and the paranasal sinuses, there were capillary and cavernous types. We pointed out the clinical signs and diagnostic problems in deep vascular tumors and bleeding risk concerning treatment procedure. Even a needle biopsy and radiological imagining did not confirm the preoperative diagnosis. CT and MRI is recommended to delineate the extend the lesion, and evaluation of its special anatomical location, surrounding arteries, vessels and important neck structure prior to surgery. In the paranasal and nose tumor CT could show bone destructions as well. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical careful excision has been favorable in depth neck laying and extended paranasal and nose vascular malformation. Because of the risk of bleeding careful hemostasis are important challenges in the surgical removal, so embolization is preferred in some cases.

[Production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 by peripheral blood lymphocytes T under influence in vitro of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx]. / Ocena wydzielania cytokin prozapalnych IL-6 i IL-8 przez limfocyty T krwi obwodowej w hodowli in vitro z komórkami raka plaskonablonkowego krtani.

AIM: The most important mechanism of host humoral immunity in antitumor response is cytokines activity produced by T lymphocytes. The aim of this preliminary study was estimation of IL-6 and IL-8 serum concentration in patients with squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma and analysis of indirect influence of neoplasm cells to the function of T lymphocytes and modification of proinflammatory cytokines profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 7 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated at ENT Department Medical University of Lodz between 2003-2005 were analyzed. For estimation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion the cocultures of isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes, centrum and margin neoplasm cells and noncancerous cells were established. Production of cytokines in supernatants was detected by Elisa. RESULTS: Authors reported that in vitro epithelial cells of the larynx is able to secrete of IL-8, but not IL-6. The presence of normal epithelial cells and carcinoma cells in lymphocyte culture may increase concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 especially with normal laryngeal epithelium cells. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells could modified T lymphocytes activity and production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8.