Potential of Chitosan for the Control of Powdery Mildew (Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arnaud) in a Jalapeño Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Cultivar.

One of the phytopathogens that cause severe damage to jalapeño pepper is Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arnaud, the causative agent of powdery mildew. Synthetic fungicides are currently employed for its control, contributing to adverse effects on human health and the environment. The main objective of this research was to identify the causal agent of powdery mildew and assess the efficacy of chitosan in powdery mildew control on jalapeño pepper. The following treatments were evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions: T1 = 0.0125% chitosan, T2 = 0.0025% chitosan, T3 = 0.05% chitosan, T4 = 0.1% chitosan, T5 = 0.2% chitosan, T6 = tebuconazole 25% (1.8 mL/L water), and T7 = control (water). Symptomatology results indicated that L. taurica is indeed the causative agent of powdery mildew. Treatments T4 and T5 exhibited the lowest percentages of incidences and severity, hence achieving higher control efficacy in the laboratory (57.70 ± 3.85 and 65.39 ± 3.85) and greenhouse (56.67 ± 4.08 and 70 ± 8.16%) compared to T6 (control efficacy, 38.46 ± 0.00% in the laboratory and 50 ± 0.00% in the greenhouse). The chitosan derived from shrimp had a significant impact on the cell walls of L. taurica spores and mycelium. Consequently, chitosan emerges as a viable organic alternative to fungicides for controlling powdery mildew in jalapeño pepper.

Physalis virginiana as a Wild Field Host of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'.

The potato/tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), is among the most important pests of solanaceous crops as a vector of the pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso). Lso-infected psyllids often arrive in crop fields from various wild species of Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae, especially those that provide early-season hosts for the vector. Physalis species are perennial plants within the family Solanaceae with often broad geographical distributions that overlap those of B. cockerelli, yet the status of many Physalis species as hosts for B. cockerelli or Lso remains unknown. Our objective was to determine whether wild Physalis species that occur in the potato-growing region of Galeana, Nuevo León, Mexico, host B. cockerelli populations and whether they also are susceptible to Lso. Sampling was carried out in the potato-growing zone of Galeana, Nuevo León, Mexico, where unidentified Physalis spp. are common. In March to October 2021, a wild plant identified as Physalis virginiana was observed; eggs, nymphs, and adults of B. cockerelli were observed on these plants throughout the growing season, and nymphs completed development on these plants under laboratory conditions. Lso also was detected in 22 of the 93 (23.7%) wild P. virginiana plants using conventional PCR, while 13.3% of B. cockerelli adults that emerged from P. virginiana cuttings harbored the pathogen. This is the first report that P. virginiana is a host for B. cockerelli and for Lso. These results suggest that P. virginiana is a likely source of Lso-infected psyllids colonizing solanaceous crops in northeastern Mexico. The importance of P. virginiana and other wild hosts on the population dynamics of the vector and pathogen should be investigated to assist in pest management decision-making.

The impact of videolaparoscopic surgery in the treatment of endometriosis on depression levels

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic surgical treatment of endometriosis on the levels of health-related depression in patients using a validated questionnaire. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out between September 2020 and May 2022 in a private hospital (São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil), which analysed depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, on 103 patients undergoing surgical treatment for endometriosis, evaluated preoperatively and 3 and 6 months after the procedure. Patients with unsuccessful clinical treatment for endometriosis and pain level ≥7 on Visual Analog Scale and who agreed to participate in the study were included. Demographic data were acquired by consulting medical records. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 36±6.3 years; the majority of patients were brown (68.6%), married (66.6%), overweight (55.8%), had had hormonal treatments with progestogens (50.9%), low fertility (50.9%), severe endometriosis (39.3%), endometriosis surgery+myomectomy (29.4%) and one (1%) patient withdrew from the study. There was a statistically significant reduction in mean Beck Depression Inventory between the preoperative period and 6 months after surgery (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of endometriosis appears to have a positive impact on the symptoms of depression in the patients evaluated.

Improved quality of life (EHP-30) in patients with endometriosis after surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of patients with endometriosis before and after surgical treatment. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted with 102 women with pelvic pain and endometriosis that was unimproved by clinical treatment and indicated for surgical treatment. The patients' quality of life was assessed using the 30-item Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30) questionnaire before and 3 and 6 months after surgery. The statistical tests were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17.0, and the Friedman test was used. RESULTS: There was a reduction in EHP-30 scores 3 and 6 months after surgery compared to before surgery, as well as 6 months after surgery compared to 3 months after surgery, in the central questionnaire (PART 1) and in Sections A, B, C, E, and F (p<0.0001). For Section D, there was a reduction in scores 6 months after surgery compared to before surgery (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of endometriosis improves quality of life in several areas assessed by the EHP-30 questionnaire.

Improved quality of life (EHP-30) in patients with endometriosis after surgical treatment

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of patients with endometriosis before and after surgical treatment. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted with 102 women with pelvic pain and endometriosis that was unimproved by clinical treatment and indicated for surgical treatment. The patients' quality of life was assessed using the 30-item Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30) questionnaire before and 3 and 6 months after surgery. The statistical tests were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17.0, and the Friedman test was used. RESULTS: There was a reduction in EHP-30 scores 3 and 6 months after surgery compared to before surgery, as well as 6 months after surgery compared to 3 months after surgery, in the central questionnaire (PART 1) and in Sections A, B, C, E, and F (p<0.0001). For Section D, there was a reduction in scores 6 months after surgery compared to before surgery (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of endometriosis improves quality of life in several areas assessed by the EHP-30 questionnaire.

'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' Infection of Physalis ixocarpa Brot. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in Saltillo, Mexico.

The potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a pest of solanaceous crops (order Solanales), including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (S. lycopersicum L.). Feeding by high populations of nymphs causes psyllid yellows while adults and nymphs are vectors of the plant pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'. Foliar symptoms that were consistent with either 'Ca. L. solanacearum' infection or psyllid yellows were observed in 2019 on tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.; family Solanaceae) grown within an experimental plot located near Saltillo, Mexico. This study had three primary objectives: 9i) determine whether the foliar symptoms observed on tomatillo were associated with 'Ca. L. solanacearum' infection, (ii) identify the haplotypes of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' and potato psyllids present in the symptomatic plot, and (iii) use gut content analysis to infer the plant sources of 'Ca. L. solanacearum'-infected psyllids. Results confirmed that 71% of symptomatic plants and 71% of psyllids collected from the plants were infected with 'Ca. L. solanacearum'. The detection of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' in plants and psyllids and the lack of nymphal populations associated with psyllid yellows strongly suggests that the observed foliar symptoms were caused by 'Ca. L. solanacearum' infection. All infected plants and insects harbored the more virulent 'Ca. L. solanacearum' haplotype B but one psyllid was also coinfected with haplotype A. The potato psyllids were predominantly of the central haplotype but one psyllid was identified as the western haplotype. Molecular gut content analysis of psyllids confirmed the movement of psyllids between noncrop habitats and tomatillo and indicated that 'Ca. L. solanacearum' infection of psyllids was associated with increased plant diversity in their diet.

Indicadores em Saúde Mental: avaliação da assistência de enfermagem prestada aos portadores de sofrimento psíquico em uma clínica psiquiátrica de um hospital público no Estado do Pará

O presente estudo trata sobre os indicadores em Saúde Mental utilizados junto ao processo avaliativo como possíveis geradores de modificações na assistência de enfermagem para o portador de sofrimento psíquico. A avaliação do serviço propiciou a criação de indicadores em saúde mental, voltados para a aplicabilidade na Rede de Atenção à Saúde Mental, os quais se constituíram como entraves, pois em Saúde mental o foco é a intersubjetividade que o sofrimento psíquico possui. O objeto deste estudo é o conhecimento e a utilização de indicadores em Saúde Mental que subsidiam a avaliação da assistência de enfermagem prestada ao portador de sofrimento psíquico. METODOLOGIA: Estudo exploratório descritivo, qualitativo, realizado numa Clínica Psiquiátrica de um Hospital Geral com Leitos Psiquiátricos do Estado do Pará. Participaram sete enfermeiros que atuam nesta clínica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista e os dados foram analisados por meio da análise do discurso, segundo Minayo. RESULTADOS, ANÁLISES E DISCUSSÕES: Foram construídas cinco categorias: (des)conhecimento incipiente sobre os indicadores em Saúde Mental; utilização e aplicabilidade dos indicadores em Saúde Mental; realização da avaliação da assistência de enfermagem; avaliação como ferramenta para subsidiar a assistência de enfermagem; e relação entre indicadores em Saúde Mental e a avaliação da assistência de enfermagem; em que se observou que os enfermeiros entrevistados referem os indicadores em saúde mental quantitativos da realidade, demonstrando um desconhecimento ou conhecimento incipiente sobre os indicadores em saúde mental, realizando uma avaliação da assistência de enfermagem efêmera, individualizada e com pouca periodicidade, impossibilitando a aproximação entre os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos da assistência de enfermagem prestada. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo evidenciou que os indicadores em saúde mental e a avaliação da assistência de enfermagem ainda constituem processos gerenciais e de planejamento incipientes para os profissionais da clínica psiquiátrica estudada

This study focuses on the indicators in mental health used by the evaluation process as possible modifications of generators in nursing care for the person in mental suffering. The evaluation of the service led to the creation of mental health indicators, focused on the applicability in the Network Mental Health Care, which are constituted as obstacles, as in mental health the focus is intersubjectivity that psychological distress has. The object of this study is the knowledge and the use of indicators in Mental Health that support the evaluation of nursing care provided to patients with psychological distress. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive, exploratory qualitative study carried out in a Psychiatric Clinic of General Hospital with Psychiatric Beds Pará Participants were seven nurses working in this clinic. Data collection was conducted through interviews and data were analyzed by means of discourse analysis, Minayo. RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS: Five categories were constructed: (un) incipient knowledge about the indicators on Mental Health; use and applicability of the indicators in Mental Health; completion of the evaluation of nursing care; evaluation as a tool to help nursing care; and relationship between indicators in Mental Health and evaluation of nursing care; which noted that nurses interviewed referred to in quantitative indicators of reality mental health, showing an incipient ignorance or knowledge on indicators of mental health, performing an assessment of the ephemeral nursing care, individualized and low frequency, preventing a rapprochement between the quantitative and qualitative aspects of nursing care provided. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the mental health indicators and evaluation of nursing care are still incipient management processes and planning for professionals in the studied psychiatric clinic

[Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Carrión's disease in rural Ancash, Peru]. / Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la enfermedad de Carrión en población rural de Ancash, Perú

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Carrión's disease (bartonellosis) in rural communities with a history of epidemic outbreaks. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in the communities of Huaripampa, Orcosh, and Opayaco (Ancash, Peru) in July 2010, to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Carrión's disease. Interviewees were aged >18 years and had resided in the community for at least one year. RESULTS: A total of 276 residents were surveyed; 36.6% were men, and 72.5% had not heard of Carrión's disease. Of those familiar with it, most (38.7%) said that it spreads through bites, and 26% did not know how it spreads. Regarding actions to take if Carrión's disease develops, 69.3% of respondents said they would go to a health center and over half reported having recommended preventive practices to relatives or acquaintances in the past. CONCLUSIONS: Even though these three communities have a history of Carrión's disease, their inhabitants did not demonstrate adequate knowledge, attitudes, or practices for preventing it. In view of this, and given that this illness has cyclical outbreaks, it is imperative to design and implement a program to educate residents of these communities-focusing on the role of habits and customs-about how to prevent Carrión's disease, as well as the region's other main endemic diseases.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la enfermedad de Carrión en población rural de Ancash, Perú / Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Carrión's disease in rural Ancash, Peru

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el conocimiento, las prácticas y las actitudes sobre la enfermedad de Carrión (bartonelosis) en poblaciones rurales con antecedentes de brotes epidémicos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en las poblaciones de Huaripampa, Orcosh y Opayaco (Ancash, Perú) durante el mes de julio del 2010, utilizando una encuesta para evaluar el conocimiento, las prácticas y las actitudes sobre la enfermedad de Carrión. Se entrevistó solo a mayores de 18 años que tuviesen una antigüedad mínima de un año residiendo en esos poblados. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron encuestas a un total de 276 pobladores, de los cuales 36,6% fueron hombres y 72,5% no había oído hablar de la enfermedad de Carrión. Entre los que la conocían, la mayoría (38,7%) indicó que se contagia mediante picaduras, mientras que 26% manifestó no conocer la forma de contagio. Con respecto a las acciones que deberían tomarse en caso de presentar la enfermedad de Carrión, 69,3% de los encuestados refirieron que acudirían a un centro de salud y más de la mitad informó haber recomendado prácticas preventivas a familiares o conocidos en el pasado. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de tratarse de comunidades históricamente afectadas por la enfermedad de Carrión, los pobladores de estas tres comunidades no mostraron un nivel adecuado de conocimientos, actitudes o prácticas para su prevención. En vista de ello, y teniendo en cuenta que este padecimiento ha presentado brotes cíclicos, se hace perentorio diseñar e implementar un programa que eduque a los habitantes de estos poblados -poniendo el foco en el papel de los usos y costumbres- sobre cómo prevenir la enfermedad de Carrión, así como el resto de las principales enfermedades endémicas de la región.

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Carrión's disease (bartonellosis) in rural communities with a history of epidemic outbreaks. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in the communities of Huaripampa, Orcosh, and Opayaco (Ancash, Peru) in July 2010, to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices about Carrión's disease. Interviewees were aged >18 years and had resided in the community for at least one year. RESULTS: A total of 276 residents were surveyed; 36.6% were men, and 72.5% had not heard of Carrión's disease. Of those familiar with it, most (38.7%) said that it spreads through bites, and 26% did not know how it spreads. Regarding actions to take if Carrión's disease develops, 69.3% of respondents said they would go to a health center and over half reported having recommended preventive practices to relatives or acquaintances in the past. CONCLUSIONS: Even though these three communities have a history of Carrión's disease, their inhabitants did not demonstrate adequate knowledge, attitudes, or practices for preventing it. In view of this, and given that this illness has cyclical outbreaks, it is imperative to design and implement a program to educate residents of these communities-focusing on the role of habits and customs-about how to prevent Carrión's disease, as well as the region's other main endemic diseases.