Changes in Body Composition and Physical Performance after a Six-Week International Tour in Young Chilean Female Tennis Players.

Junior tennis players travel a lot to play tennis tournaments; this causes them to spend a lot of time away from their homes and disrupts their training, which could reduce their performance and increase the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in physical performance and body composition after a six-week international tour in young Chilean female tennis players. Thirty young female tennis players (15.4 ± 0.6) participated in this study. Body weight, skinfolds, and perimeters were measured. Body fat percentage (BFP) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were calculated. For physical performance, 5 m sprint, the 505 with stationary start test (505 test), the pro-agility test, countermovement jump (CMJ), and medicine ball throw (MBT) were evaluated. The results show a significant increase in BFP and decrease in SMM (p < 0.01; d = -0.18 and 0.19, respectively). In terms of physical performance, 5 m sprint, the 505 test (p < 0.01; d = -0.95 and -0.95, respectively), CMJ, MBT, and HJ significantly decreased post-tour (p < 0.05; d = 0.96, 0.89 and 0.47, respectively). We conclude that, after a six-week international tour, there were changes in body composition and a significant decrease in 5 m sprint, the 505 test, CMJ, and MBT.

Análisis de la coordinación motora por índice de masa corporal y sexo en escolares de Chile / Analysis of motor coordination by body mass index and sex in Chilean schoolchildren / Análise da coordenação motora por indice de massa corporal corporal e sexo em escolares chilenos

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre la Coordinación Motora (CM) con el Índice de Masa Corporal en escolares chilenos de entre 7 y 9 años. El estudio fue observacional de corte transversal, con características descriptivas y correlacionales. Se evaluaron a 180 escolares (90 mujeres de 8.4 ± 0.9 años y 90 hombres de 8.5± 0.9 años). Se midieron variables antropométricas de peso y talla. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). La coordinación motora (CM) se evaluó utilizando la batería de Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). Los resultados mostraron que en las mujeres el grupo Normopeso tenía un mejor desempeño en la transposición lateral que los grupos Sobrepeso y Obesidad (p˂0.05). En los hombres, el grupo Normopeso superó al grupo Obesidad en los saltos monopedales (p˂0.05). Además, al analizar las diferencias entre sexos, se determinó que las mujeres registraron mayor puntaje que los hombres en el equilibrio a la retaguardia (p<0.05), por su parte, los hombres registraron mejores rendimientos en saltos laterales, transposición lateral y el puntaje total del KTK (p<0.05). Se concluye que existe menor índice de CM en los escolares con elevado IMC, y que existen diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en el equilibrio, saltos laterales, transposición lateral y el puntaje total del test KTK.

The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between motor coordination (CM) and Body Mass Index in Chilean schoolchildren between 7 and 9 years of age. The study was observational cross-sectional, correlational and descriptive study. 180 students of both sexes were evaluated (90 women aged 8.4 ± 0.9 years and 90 men aged 8.5 ± 0.9 years). Anthropometric weight and height variables were measured and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The CM was evaluated using the battery of Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). The results showed that in the lateral transposition, the normal weight group outperforms the overweight and Obesity group (p˂0.05) for women. For men, in monopedal jumps, the normal weight group also outperformed the obesity group (p˂0.05). In addition, when analyzing the differences between the sexes, it was noted that women had a higher score than men in the rear balance (p˂0.05). On the other hand, men had performed better in lateral jumps, lateral transposition and the total KTK score (p˂0.05). In conclusion, the study found that there was a lower CM index in schoolchildren with a high BMI, and that there were significant differences between men and women in terms of balance, lateral jumps, lateral transposition, and the total score of the KTK test.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre a coordenação motora (CM) com o Índice de Massa Corporal corporal em escolares chilenos entre 7 e 9 anos de idade. O estudo foi observacional transversal, com características descritivas e correlacionais. Foram avaliados 180 escolares de ambos os sexos (90 mulheres com idade de 8,4 ± 0,9 anos e 90 homens com idade de 8,5 ± 0,9 anos). Variáveis antropométricas de peso e altura foram medidas. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi calculado. Além disso, a coordenação motora (MC) foi avaliada por meio da bateria Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). Os resultados mostraram que, para mulheres em transposição lateral, o grupo Peso Normal supera o grupo Sobrepeso e Obeso (p˂0,05). Para os homens, nos saltos monopedais o grupo Peso Normal supera o grupo Obesidade (p˂0,05). Além disso, ao analisar as diferenças entre os sexos, percebe-se que as mulheres apresentam pontuação maiores que os homens no equilíbrio de retaguarda (p<0,05), enquanto os homens apresentam melhor desempenho nos saltos laterais, transposição lateral e pontuação total KTK (p< 0,05). Conclui-se que há menor índice de CM em alunos com IMC elevado, e que existem diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres para equilíbrio, saltos laterais, transposição lateral e pontuação total do teste KTK.

Physical Exercise Methods and Their Effects on Glycemic Control and Body Composition in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Systematic Review.

The prevalence of T2DM represents a challenge for health agencies due to its high risk of morbidity and mortality. Physical Activity (PA) is one of the fundamental pillars for the treatment of T2DM, so Physical Exercise (PE) programs have been applied to research their effectiveness. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of PE methods on glycemic control and body composition of adults with T2DM. A systematic review without meta-analysis was performed, using the PubMed database. Quasi-experimental and pure experimental clinical trials were included, which were available free of charge and were published during 2010-2020. In the results, 589 articles were found and 25 passed the inclusion criteria. These were classified and analyzed according to the methods identified (AE, IE, RE, COM, and others), duration and variable(s) studied. It is concluded that PE is effective for glycemic control and body composition in adults with T2DM using different methods (AE, IE, RE, COM, and others), both in the short and long term. Adequate organization of PE components such as frequency, duration, volume, and intensity, is essential.

Relación entre la salud física y salud mental psicológica en estudiantes educación física pertenecientes a distintas universidades de Chile / Relationship between physical and Mental health in physical education students belonging to different universities in Chile / Relação entre saúde física e psicológica em estudantes de educação física pertencentes a diferentes universidades no Chile

El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar los efectos del confinamiento (COVID-19), en la salud física y psicológica, en universitarios de Educación física de Chile. La metodología es cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva; la muestra estuvo constituida por 254 estudiantes pertenecientes a siete universidades chilenas. El 63% de la muestra fueron hombres (n = 160) y 37% mujeres (n = 94). La recogida de la información fue por medio del cuestionario auto informe del Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus. Los resultados muestran que la variable Actividad Física en confinamiento se relacionó de forma negativa y significativa con la variable de IMC y Uso de Medios de Comunicación. Al relacionarse con Conductas Asociadas al Confinamiento y Escala de Experiencias Positivas ante la Adversidad, fue positiva y significativa; en relación a la Escala de Distres, se correlacionó negativa significativamente, de igual manera con la Escala de interferencia por el Coronavirus y Cuestionario de Impacto Psicológico del Coronavirus. Se concluye que existen efectos negativos para la salud física y psicológica de los estudiantes de Educación física producto del confinamiento y algunos positivos como el autocuidado y sistemas de protección.

The objective of this study was to relate the effects of confinement (COVID-19) on physical and mental health in physical education undergraduate students in Chile. The methodology is quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The sample consisted of 254 students belonging to seven Chilean universities. Sixty-three percent of the sample were men (n = 160), whereas 37% were women (n = 94). The information was collected through the self-report questionnaire on the Psychological Impact of Coronavirus. The results show that the variable Physical Activity in confinement was negatively and significantly related to the variable of BMI and use of communication media. When relating to behaviors associated with confinement and the Scale of Positive Experiences in the Face of Adversity (EEPA, by its initials in Spanish), it was positive and significant. Concerning the Distress Scale, it was significantly negatively correlated, in the same way with the Coronavirus Interference Scale and the Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire. It is concluded that there are negative effects on the physical and psychological health of Physical Education students as a result of confinement and some positive ones, such as self-care and protection systems.

O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar os efeitos do confinamento (COVID-19) na saúde física e psicológica em estudantes universitários de educação física no Chile. A metodologia é quantitativa, transversal, descritiva; A amostra foi composta por 254 estudantes pertencentes a 7 universidades chilenas. 63% da amostra eram homens (n = 160) e 37% mulheres (n = 94) As informações foram coletadas por meio do questionário de autorrelato sobre o Impacto Psicológico do Coronavírus. Os resultados mostram que a variável Atividade Física em confinamento esteve negativa e significativamente relacionada com a variável IMC e Uso de Meios de Comunicação. Quanto aos Comportamentos Associados ao Confinamento e à Escala de Experiências Positivas Face à Adversidade, foi positivo e significativo; em relação à Escala de Aflição, apresentou correlação negativa significativa, da mesma forma com a Escala de Interferência do Coronavírus e o Questionário de Impacto Psicológico do Coronavírus. Conclui-se que existem efeitos negativos na saúde física e psicológica dos alunos de Educação Física decorrentes do confinamento e alguns positivos como o autocuidado e os sistemas de proteção.

Effects of a Six-Week International Tour on the Physical Performance and Body Composition of Young Chilean Tennis Players.

In tennis, it is common for young male tennis players to spend several weeks away from their local training camps during the competition season, which could affect their performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of a six-week international tour on physical performance and body composition in young Chilean tennis players. Twenty-four men between the ages of 14 and 16 participated in this research. In body composition and anthropometric measurement, body weight, height, skinfolds, and perimeters were measured. Body fat percentage (BFP) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were calculated. For physical performance, 5-m and 10-m sprints, modified agility test (MAT test), countermovement jump (CMJ), and medicine ball throw (MBT) were evaluated. Results show that, in body composition, BFP and SMM significantly decreased post-tour (p < 0.05; effect sizes ranging from 0.23 to 0.33, respectively). In physical performance, agility and 5-m and 10-m sprints significantly decreased (p < 0.05, effect sizes ranging from −0.63 to 1.10). We conclude that after a six-week international tour, BFP, SMM, agility, and speed (linear sprint) tend to decrease significantly, with a greater effect in the sprint tests.

Aerobic Training for Healthy Men and Women: Determining Intensities by Different Equations.

The aim of this study is to develop equations for aerobic exercise prescription for the intensities of 50, 60, 70 and 80% in healthy subjects of both sexes. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling drawn from a database of 228 healthy subjects who were randomized into the regression group (GR: 197 subjects (male = 143 and female = 54)) and cross-validation group (CVG: 31 individuals [men = 20 and women = 11]). Kohavi's assumptions were followed in relation to cross-validation and bootstrap for precision estimation and model selection. The GR was used to build the estimation equations from the multiple linear regression. The CVG was determined to analyze the validity in the estimation equations. The equations to determine the intensities were constructed by means of multiple regression, the independent variables were determined by the stepwise method, observing the significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The reliability level of Cronbach's alpha of the multiple linear regression equations was moderate for the intensity of 50% (0.51); for the intensities of 60, 70 and 80%, it corresponded to 0.50, 0.53 and 0.57, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results show that it is possible to apply the equations in the determination of aerobic exercise intensities for healthy individuals. However, the need for further studies in other populations to prove the reliability of the proposed equations is evident.

Estimated Oxygen Consumption with the Abbreviated Method and Its Association with Vaccination and PCR Tests for COVID-19 from Socio-Demographic, Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Morbidity Outcomes in Chilean Adults.

COVID-19 causes cardiovascular and lung problems that can be aggravated by confinement, but the practice of physical activity (PA) could lessen these effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) with vaccination and PCR tests in apparently healthy Chilean adults. An observational and cross-sectional study was performed, in which 557 people from south-central Chile participated, who answered an online questionnaire on the control of COVID-19, demographic data, lifestyles, and diagnosis of non-communicable diseases. V˙O2max was estimated with an abbreviated method. With respect to the unvaccinated, those who received the first (OR:0.52 [CI:0.29;0.95], p = 0.019) and second vaccine (OR:0.33 [CI:0.18;0.59], p = 0.0001) were less likely to have an increased V˙O2max. The first vaccine was inversely associated with V˙O2max (mL/kg/min) (ß:−1.68 [CI:−3.06; −0.3], p = 0.017), adjusted for BMI (ß:−1.37 [CI:−2.71; −0.03], p = 0.044) and by demographic variables (ß:−1.82 [CI:−3.18; −0.46], p = 0.009); similarly occur for the second vaccine (ß: between −2.54 and −3.44, p < 0.001) on models with and without adjustment. Having taken a PCR test was not significantly associated with V˙O2max (mL/kg/min). It is concluded that vaccination significantly decreased V˙O2max, although it did not indicate cause and effect. There is little evidence of this interaction, although the results suggest an association, since V˙ O2max could prevent and attenuate the contagion symptoms and effects.

Estudio antropométrico y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas: una revisión sistemática

Luna-Villouta, P.F., Flores Rivera, C.R., Garrido-Méndez, A. y Vargas Victoria. C.R. (2022). Estudio antropométrico y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-26. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los artículos científicos originales, disponibles en bases de datos en los últimos veintiún años (2000-2021), acerca del monitoreo de la antropometría y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en tres bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, LILACS y Web of Science, entre enero del 2000 a mayo del 2021; se identificaron inicialmente 73 artículos originales que, posterior a la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad y exclusión, junto con el procedimiento presentado en el flujograma PRISMA, permitieron obtener 14 artículos, que fueron analizados cualitativamente. Los resultados evidencian que existe la necesidad de mayores indagaciones, especialmente a nivel sudamericano y en las mujeres; no obstante, es importante señalar que estos estudios aportan con referencias antropométricas muy similares a las encontradas en otras regiones del mundo. Por otro lado, la antropometría y el desempeño en pruebas de aptitud física presentan mejores indicadores en relación con la edad cronológica, rendimiento en la modalidad (ranking nacional) y entrenamiento específico. Al comparar por género, existen diferencias significativas en antropometría y pruebas de aptitud física. Finalmente, tanto en mujeres como en hombres, la maduración avanzada se asocia al mejor desempeño en las pruebas de velocidad de desplazamiento, de fuerza y potencia muscular. Es necesario considerar esta información para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo, detección de talento y prevenir lesiones en tenistas adolescentes.

Luna-Villouta, P.F., Flores Rivera, C.R., Garrido-Méndez, A. & Vargas Victoria. C.R. (2022). Estudio antropométrico y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-26. The objective of the study was to examine original scientific articles available in data bases for the past twenty-one years (2000-2021) concerning monitoring of anthropometry and physical fitness in young tennis players. A systematic review was carried out in three online data bases (PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science) from January, 2000 to May, 2021. Initially, 73 original articles were identified. After applying criteria of eligibility and exclusion, together with the procedure presented in the PRISMA flowchart, 14 articles were selected and were qualitatively analyzed. The results show the need for further research, mainly in South America and among women. However, it is important to point out that these studies offer anthropometric references very similar to those found in other regions in the world. On the other hand, anthropometry and performance in physical fitness tests show better indicators concerning chronological age, performance in a given modality (national ranking) and specific training. When genders were compared, significant differences were found in terms of anthropometry and physical fitness. Finally, both in women and in men, advanced maturity is associated with better performance in speed tests for movement, strength and muscle power. These data need to be considered in order to improve sports performance, detect talent and prevent injuries in adolescent tennis players.

Luna-Villouta, P.F., Flores Rivera, C.R., Garrido-Méndez, A. e Vargas Victoria. C.R. (2022). Estudio antropométrico y aptitud física en jóvenes tenistas: una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-26. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os artigos científicos originais, disponíveis em bancos de dados nos últimos 21 anos (2000-2021), sobre o monitoramento da antropometria e aptidão física em jovens tenistas. Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada em três bancos de dados eletrônicos: PubMed, LILACS e Web of Science, de janeiro de 2000 a maio de 2021; inicialmente, foram identificados 73 artigos originais que, após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade e exclusão, juntamente com o procedimento apresentado no fluxograma PRISMA, permitiram a obtenção de 14 artigos, que foram qualitativamente analisados. Os resultados mostram que há necessidade de maiores pesquisas, especialmente no âmbito sul-americano e nas mulheres; no entanto, é importante notar que esses estudos fornecem referências antropométricas muito semelhantes às encontradas em outras regiões do mundo. Por outro lado, antropometria e desempenho em testes de aptidão física apresentam melhores indicadores em relação à idade cronológica, desempenho na modalidade (ranking nacional) e formação específica. Quando comparadas por gênero, há diferenças significativas na antropometria e nos testes de aptidão física. Finalmente, tanto em mulheres quanto em homens, a maturação avançada está associada ao melhor desempenho em testes de velocidade de deslocamento, força e potência muscular. É necessário considerar essas informações para melhorar o desempenho esportivo, a detecção de talentos e prevenir lesões em tenistas adolescentes.

Anthropometric Characterization and Physical Performance by Age and Biological Maturation in Young Tennis Players.

The objective was to analyze anthropometric and physical performance variables as a function of chronological age and biological maturity in young Chilean tennis players. The study was observational, cross-sectional, with descriptive and analytical characteristics. Eighty-seven tennis players were evaluated (58 men 15.1 ± 0.8 years and 29 women, 15.3 ± 0.8 years). The measured anthropometric variables were a sprint test of 20m; a modified agility test; a sit-and-reach test and shoulder flexibility; manual grip strength; horizontal jump in feet; a medicine ball throw; a countermovement vertical jump; an abalakov vertical jump and a 20-m shuttle-run test. The growth velocity acceleration peak (APHV), skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were calculated, R2 and standard error of estimate (SEE) were examined. The results show that chronological age explained the anthropometric variables between 1 and 23% in men and 1 and 29% in women; by biological age, variables were explained between 3 and 53% in men and 2 and 42% in women. Of the physical performance variables, chronological age described between 2 and 24% of them in men and 1 and 29% in women; the same were explained by biological age between 1 and 19% in men and 1 and 26% in women. We conclude that anthropometric variables showed a better relationship with biological age, except for volume of fat tissue, while physical performance variables showed low association with both biological and chronological age.

Comparación del desarrollo motor en escolares de 9 y 10 años de edad en clases de educación física y talleres deportivos extracurriculares / Comparison of motor development in school aged children ages 9 and 10 in physi-cal education classes and extracurricular sport workshops

La investigación buscó determinar si existen diferencias en el desarrollo motor en escolares de 9 y 10 años, que participan únicamente de la clase de educación física, y aquellos que además de la clase, participan de talleres deportivos extracurriculares pertenecientes a colegios particulares subvencionados de Concepción. El estudio utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, de carácter descrip-tivo, de corte transversal. La muestra fue de 71 escolares, de los cuales 48 pertenecen al Grupo Educación Física y 23 al Grupo Extracurricular. Para la evaluación se utilizó el Test TGMD-2 (Ul-rich, 2000). Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p<0,05), observándose un mejor desarrollo motor en los escolares del Grupo Extracurricular.

This research sought to determine if there are differences in motor development between 9 and 10 year old children who only participate in their physical education class and those who, in addition to this class, participate in extracurricular sports workshops offered by subsidized private schools in Concepción, Chile. The study used a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional approach. The sample was made up of 71 students, of which 48 belong to the Physical Education Group and 23 to the Extracurricular Group. The TGMD-2 Test was used for the evaluation (Ulrich, 2000). The results showed that there are significant differences between both groups (p <0.05), and where the students from Extracurricular Group showed better motor development.