RESUMO
As a comprehensive monitoring survey on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in Chongqing, 20 ambient air samples taken from 5 locations in four seasons were studied. The PCDD/F TEQ concentrations varied from 0.017 pg x m(-3) to 0.21 pg x m(-3). The average value was (0.094 +/- 0.054) pg x m(-3). The PCDD/F concentrations varied by locations and seasons, and the orders were: urban area > suburban area > background area, and Winter > Spring > Autumn > Summer. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs were 2.2-4.6 times higher in the winter than during the summer. The PCA results indicated that PCDD/F homologue pattern varied by seasons. The PCDD/F homologue pattern in particle dominated in winter and spring, and the pattern in gas dominated in summer and autumn. The mass concentration of PCDD/F congener was significantly positively correlated with that of SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP, and insignificantly negatively correlated with that of O3, respectively. The results showed that spatial distribution and seasonal variation of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in Chongqing was consistent with that of these conventional indicators, and the PCDD/Fs pollution was closely related with the emission sources of SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Atmosfera/análise , Benzofuranos/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análogos & derivados , Polímeros/análise , Estações do Ano , China , Cidades , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análiseRESUMO
Five compounds were isolated from the root powder of Periploca sepium. By mainly HR-ESI-MS, (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR spectral data, they were characterized as periplocoside X (1), oligasaccharide A (2), periplocoside A (3), periplocoside E (4), and periplocoside N (5), respectively. Compounds 1-5 were found to possess insecticidal activities against the red imported fire ant. Among the compounds, periplocoside X showed significant activity with LD(50) values of 748.99, 116.62, 2169.58, and 3079.33mg/l against soldiers, workers, males, and alate females of red imported fire ant, respectively.
Assuntos
Formigas/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/isolamento & purificação , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Oligossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Periploca/química , Pregnenos/isolamento & purificação , Pregnenos/farmacologia , Animais , Feminino , Glicosídeos , Inseticidas/química , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Oligossacarídeos/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Pregnenos/químicaRESUMO
A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is an important member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. In the present study, a novel cDNA was isolated from the spleen of goat by RT-PCR and designated as goat APRIL (gAPRIL). The open reading frame (ORF) of this cDNA covered 753bp, encoding a protein of 250 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed that gAPRIL contains a predicted transmembrane domain, a putative furin protease cleavage site, and two cysteine residues, which are the typical characteristics of TNF gene in mammals. The predicted three dimensional (3D) structure of soluble part of the gAPRIL (gsAPRIL) monomer analyzed by comparative protein modeling revealed that it is very similar to its counterparts. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that gAPRIL was constitutively expressed in various tissues. Recombinant gsAPRIL fused with NusA tag was efficiently produced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and then analyzed by the SDS-PAGE as well as western blot. Laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis showed gsAPRIL could bind to its receptors. In vitro, the MTT and flow cytometric methods revealed that purified gsAPRIL protein was not only able to promote survival/proliferation of goat splenocytes, but also able to stimulate survival/proliferation of mouse B cells. These results indicated that gAPRIL plays an important role in survival/proliferation of goat splenocytes and provided a basis for investigating its potential to be used as an immunoadjuvant for enhancing vaccine efficacy and as an immunotherapeutic in goats.
Assuntos
Cabras/genética , Membro 13 da Superfamília de Ligantes de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Membro 13 da Superfamília de Ligantes de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Animais , Linfócitos B/citologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Clonagem Molecular , Biologia Computacional , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Complementar/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Cabras/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Microscopia Confocal , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Baço/citologia , Baço/imunologia , Baço/metabolismo , Membro 13 da Superfamília de Ligantes de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/imunologia , Membro 13 da Superfamília de Ligantes de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Basing on experiment dada collected from 1995 to 2007 at Chongqing segment of Yangtse River, the pollution and the potential toxic effect of sediment were depicted and characterized by using the Index of Geoaccumulation (I(geo)) method and the Logistic Regression model respectively. Results showed that the sediment had been slightly polluted by metals and had possible adverse effect on aquatic life. According to the I(geo), the order of the analyzed metals, arranging from highest to lowest pollution degree, was Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Zn > As. Meanwhile, sediment contamination level had been obviously decreasing before the storing water of Three Gorge Reservoir.
