Investigation of 200 anthropogenic activities in a representative alpine peatland in the Altay Mountains, northwestern China.

Peatlands records can be used to reconstruct and understand the history of environmental evolution, as well as a more accurate reflection of human activities. The black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ideal natural archives of anthropogenic activities. To identify the information of anthropogenic activities recorded by peatlands in the middle and high latitudes of the alpine mountains in the arid and semi-arid regions of China. this study analyzed the concentrations of BC, δ13C ratios of BC, PAHs, and molecular diagnostic ratios of PHAs (including Benzo(a) anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chr), fluoranthene (Flt), anthracene (Ant), phenanthrene (Phe), Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), and pyrene (Pyr) in a 30-cm peat profile from the Altay Mountain, northwestern China. Our results revealed concentrations of BC from 11.71 to 67.5 mg·g-1, and PAHs from 168.09 to 263.53 ng·g-1. The δ13CBC value ranged from - 31.37 to - 26.27‰, with an average of - 29.54‰, indicating that the BC mainly comes from biomass combustion. The ratios of BaA/(BaA + Chr), Flt/(Flt + Pyr), and Ant/(Ant + Phe) exceeded 0.35, 0.5, and 0.1, respectively, revealing that the PAHs pollutants mainly originated from the combustion of biomass and fossil fuel burning. Furthermore, based on these findings and our knowledge of social development in Altay, industrial transport and tourism have influenced the emission, transport, and deposition of BC and PAH in peatlands in the Altay mountains since the 1980s. After 1980, pollutant concentrations decreased with the implementation of environmental policies. The results not only reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities on the sedimentary characteristics of peatlands in the Altay Mountains, but also provide an important theoretical basis for the conservation of fragile mountain peatlands.

Unveiling global land fine- and coarse-mode aerosol dynamics from 2005 to 2020 using enhanced satellite-based monthly inversion data.

Accurate fine-mode and coarse-mode aerosol knowledge is crucial for understanding their impacts on the climate and Earth's ecosystems. However, current satellite-based Fine-Mode Aerosol Optical Depth (FAOD) and Coarse-Mode Aerosol Optical Depth (CAOD) methods have drawbacks including inaccuracies, low spatial coverage, and limited temporal duration. To overcome these issues, we developed new global-scale FAOD and CAOD from 2005 to 2020 using a novel deep learning model capable of the synergistic retrieval of two aerosol sizes. After validation with the aerosol robotic network (AERONET) and sky radiometer network (SKYNET), the new monthly FAOD and CAOD showed significant improvements in accuracy and spatial coverage. From 2005 to 2020, the new data showed that China had the greatest decrease in FAOD and CAOD. In contrast, India and South Latin America had a significant increase in FAOD versus North Africa in CAOD. FAOD in the regions of Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay in South America have shown an upward trend. The results reveal that FAOD and CAOD display distinct patterns of change in the same regions, particularly on the west coast of the United States where FAOD is increasing, while CAOD is decreasing. Aside from the year 2020 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis showed that although China has seen at least an +85% increase in energy consumption and urban expansion in 2019 compared to 2005 due to the needs of development and construction, the implementation of China's air pollution control policies has led to a significant decrease in FAOD (-46%) and CAOD (-65%) after 2013. This research enriches our comprehension of global fine and coarse aerosol patterns, additional investigations are needed to determine the potential global implications of these changes.

Genomics-Microbiome Based Assessment of Bidirectional Causality Between Gut Microbiota and Psoriasis.

Background: Traditional observational studies have found a possible risk association of the gut microbiota for psoriasis. Meanwhile, psoriasis may also affect the changes in the gut microbiota. However, the available evidence does not demonstrate a reciprocal relationship between the gut microbiota and psoriasis. This limits our understanding on the role of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms of psoriasis. Methods: To address this question we used Mendelian randomization, a novel epidemiological approach, and acquired the largest current gut microbiota GWAS data from the MiBioGen consortium as well as psoriasis GWAS data from the FinnGen consortium, and performed two-sample bidirectional MR analyses using a multiple MR analysis approach. Finally, the robustness of the results was assessed by sensitivity analysis. Results: Our results indicate that five bacterial genera are causally related to psoriasis and psoriasis is causally related to four bacterial genera. Conclusion: These results suggest a bidirectional causal influence of psoriasis on the gut microbiota. Our results somewhat challenge the causal inferences of previous observational studies. We found that the specific bacterial genera with a risk effect on psoriasis were different from those found to characterize psoriasis in previous observational studies, and that these psoriasis-characterizing genera were inversely associated with psoriasis.

Exploring Global Land Coarse-Mode Aerosol Changes from 2001-2021 Using a New Spatiotemporal Coaction Deep-Learning Model.

Coarse-mode aerosol optical depths (cAODs) are critical for understanding the impact of coarse particle sizes, especially dust aerosols, on climate. Currently, the limited data length and high uncertainty of satellite products diminish the applicability of cAOD for climate research. Here, we propose a spatiotemporal coaction deep-learning model (SCAM) for the retrieval of global land cAOD (500 nm) from 2001-2021. In contrast to conventional deep-learning models, the SCAM considers the impacts of spatiotemporal feature interactions and can simultaneously describe linear and nonlinear relationships for retrievals. Based on these unique characteristics, the SCAM considerably improved global daily cAOD accuracies and coverages (R = 0.82, root-mean-square error [RMSE] = 0.04). Compared to official products from the multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR), the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the polarization and directionality of Earth's reflectances (POLDER) instrument, as well as the physical-deep learning (Phy-DL) derived cAOD, the SCAM cAOD improved the monthly R from 0.44 to 0.88 and more accurately captured over the desert regions. Based on the SCAM cAOD, daily dust cases decreased over the Sahara, Thar Desert, Gobi Desert, and Middle East during 2001-2021 (>3 × 10-3/year). The SCAM-retrieved cAOD can contribute considerably to resolving the climate change uncertainty related to coarse-mode aerosols. Our proposed method is highly valuable for reducing uncertainties regarding coarse aerosols and climate interactions.

Successful Treatment of Recurrent Adult-Onset Still's Disease with Tocilizumab: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is considered a rare autoimmune inflammatory disorder with an unclear etiology and pathogenesis.The main clinical manifestations of this disease are high fever, joint pain, and transient skin lesions. Physical examination may reveal hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy, while laboratory tests show abnormalities such as elevated white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum ferritin (SF). The lack of specific diagnostic markers contributes to a relatively high rate of clinical misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses.In terms of treatment, glucocorticoids have always been the cornerstone medication, but some patients exhibit suboptimal responses to conventional drug therapy, making disease control challenging. However, as our understanding of the pathogenesis continues to grow, novel therapeutic approaches targeting various cytokines have been gradually identified. In this report, we present a case of successful treatment of recurrent AOSD with tocilizumab (TCZ), along with a concise review of innovative treatment strategies for AOSD based on literature retrieval.

Efficacy and safety of laser-related therapy for melasma: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a prevalent, persistent hyperpigmentation disorder that negatively affects the psychological health of patients. However, the treatment outcome remains unsatisfactory due to the complexity of pathogenesis, recurrence characteristics, and relatively high morbidity. OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of laser-related therapies in improving the melasma area severity index (MASI) score of melasma and the occurrence of adverse effects by network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: From the inception to November 2022, eligible randomized controlled trials were identified. Two investigators independently searched relevant studies from PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database. RESULTS: A total of 39 clinical studies with 1394 participants were eligible for enrollment. For efficacy, the NMA demonstrated that Q-switched Nd: YAG laser + topical medications (QSND+TM) was superior to Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSND) [MD = -4.21 (-6.80, -1.63)], Er: YAG laser + topical medications (ERYL+TM) [MD = -3.52 (-6.84, -0.19)], and picosecond laser + topical medications (PICO+TM) [MD = -4.80 (-9.33, -0.27)]. The microneedling + topical medications (MN+TM) was superior to picosecond laser (PICO) [MD = -5.26 (-10.44, -0.08)] and topical medications (TM) [MD = -5.22 (-9.20, -1.23)]. The top five of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value (SUCRA) are Q-switched Nd:YAG laser + topical medications (QSND+TM 85.9%), oral tranexamic acid (oTA 80.1%), microneedling + topical medications (MN+TM 79.7%), Q-switched Nd:YAG laser + intense pulse light (QSND+IPL 78.9%), and fractional carbon dioxide laser + topical medications (FCDL+TM 70.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the Qs-Nd:YAG laser with topical medications is the first choice for treating melasma according to the SUCRA value. Among the three treatment modalities, namely MN + TM, PICO, and TM, our recommendation favors MN+TM as the superior choice for enhancing the curative efficacy in melasma. However, the actual clinical choice should also take into account the adverse effects, the skin type of the patient, the duration of the disease, and other relevant factors.

A preliminary investigation of the relationship between 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and prognosis in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.

Purpose: The goal of the study was to determine the prognostic significance of metabolic parameters in baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT images obtained from patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Methods: Forty patients with pathologically diagnosed AITL who had baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT between May 2014 and May 2021 were assessed as part of this study. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) were obtained and analyzed. In addition, many relevant features were evaluated, including sex, age, staging, International Prognostic Index (IPI), prediction index for T-cell lymphoma (PIT), Ki-67, and so on. Estimates of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier. Results: The median follow-up was 30.2 months (interquartile range 9.82-43.03). Throughout the follow-up period, 29 (72.5%) deaths occurred and 22 (55.0%) patients made progress. The rates for 2- and 3-year PFS were 43.6% and 26.4%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year OS were 42.6% and 21.5%. For TMTV, TLG, and SUVmax, the cut-off values were 87.0 cm3, 711.1, and 15.8, respectively. Poorer PFS and OS were substantially correlated with high SUVmax and TLG. An increased TMTV suggested a shorter OS. TLG performed independently as OS predictors in multivariate analysis. The risk score for predicting the prognosis of AITL includes the TMTV, TLG, SUVmax, and IPI scores, with 4.5 for TMTV, 2 for TLG, 1.5 for IPI scores, and 1 for SUVmax. Three risk categories of patients with AITL had 3-year OS rates of 100.0%, 43.3%, and 25.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Baseline TLG was a strong predictor of OS. Here a new prognostic scoring system for AITL based on the clinical indicators and PET/CT metabolic parameters was constructed, which might make stratification of prognosis easy and also help to individualize treatment.

Prevalence and associated factors of alexithymia among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Alexithymia is common and causes serious harm to people living with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, this study aimed to examine its prevalence and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two designated AIDS medical institutions in Harbin, China between January and December 2019. In total, 767 participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness short-form, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the HIV Treatment Regimen Fatigue Scale, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. The participants responded to several questions regarding their demographic characteristics, life satisfaction, disease-related economic burden, and their antiretroviral therapy (ART) side effects. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the relationship between alexithymia and associated factors. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for OR were calculated. RESULTS: Approximately 36.1% of the participants were classified as having alexithymia. After adjusted age and education, the logistic regression model indicated that disease-related economic burden (OR = 1.477, 95% CI = 1.155-1.888), ART side effects (OR = 1.249, 95% CI = 1.001-1.559), loneliness (OR = 1.166, 95% CI = 1.101-1.236), and HIV treatment regimen fatigue (OR = 1.028, 95% CI = 1.017-1.039) were positively associated with alexithymia. CONCLUSIONS: The mental health problems of people living with HIV/AIDS are essential to understand and deserve attention. Disease-related economic burdens are major associated factors. Multiple actors should provide better services and guarantees for patients.

Successful Treatment of Psoriasis Combined with Bullous Pemphigoid with Dupilumab: A Case Report.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that can be combined with complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and kidney disease. The comorbidity of psoriasis with autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD) has been reported previously in several cases, the most frequent of which is bullous pemphigoid (BP). The underlying mechanisms of psoriasis with BP are not clear and there are no uniform treatment criteria. Based on previous case reports, the coexistence of psoriasis and BP may be related to inflammatory activity, medications, phototherapy, and infection. We report a case of a psoriasis patient who developed BP after taking Chinese herbal compounds and was successfully treated with dupilumab, which is the first reported case of applying dupilumab to treat psoriasis with BP comorbidities.

Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Psoriasiform Dermatitis Caused by IL-17 Inhibitors: A Case Report.

Psoriasis is a recurring systemic disease that can be treated with biologics to some effect. However, precisely targeting inflammatory mediators may disrupt immune system homeostasis and lead to new conditions. Here, we report a case of psoriasiform dermatitis (PsoD) caused by IL-17 inhibitors (IL-17i) namely secukinumab treatment for psoriasis. This case proposes an effective use of Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) tofacitinib to confront lesions induced by IL-17i. This is the first case report of PsoD caused by secukinumab treated with tofacitinib.

Case report and literature review on a large MBC with ulceration.

RATIONALE: Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare tumor of the breast, and skin ulceration of breast tumors is a difficult clinical problem that reduces the patient's quality of life. PATIENT CONCERNS: There are currently no Standard Treatment Guidelines for MBC at present, and the treatment for the skin ulceration of breast tumors is limited in clinics. DIAGNOSIS: Here, we report the case of a patient with a large MBC and skin ulceration, accompanied by exudation and odor. INTERVENTION: The combined treatment of albumin paclitaxel and carrelizumab (anti-PD-1 immunotherapy) was effective in reducing the tumor, but it increased the severity of the skin ulceration. After taking traditional Chinese medicine, the skin ulceration healed completely. Then the patient underwent a mastectomy and radiotherapy. OUTCOMES: The patient has a high quality of life and was in good condition after the comprehensive treatment. LESSONS: This suggests that traditional Chinese medicine may have a good auxiliary therapeutic effect on the skin ulceration of MBC.

Biochar Blended with Nitrogen Fertilizer Promotes Maize Yield by Altering Soil Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon Content in Black Soil.

Biochar and nitrogen fertilizers are known to increase soil carbon storage and reduce soil nitrogen loss as amendments, suggesting a promising strategy for highly effectively increasing soil productivity. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms of their effects on crop yield in terms of active carbon fraction and enzyme activity, which ultimately limits the potential for the application of biochar in combination with nitrogen fertilizers. To evaluate the effect of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on the improvement of black soils in northeast China, a field experiment was conducted in the black soil to compare and analyze the application methods on total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), enzyme activities, and maize yields. Biochar rates: CK, C1, C2, and C3 (0, 9.8, 19.6, and 29.4 Mg·ha-1); N fertilizer rates: N1/2 and N (30 and 60 kg·ha-1). Results indicated that biochar and N fertilizer amendments significantly ameliorated soil fertility, such as TOC and TN, compared to the unamended soil. The TOC levels in the C3 treatment increased by 35.18% and the TN levels by 23.95%. The improvement in TN is more significant when biochar is blended with N fertilizer. Biochar blended with N fertilizer increased maize cellulase, urease, and invertase activities by an average of 53.12%, 58.13%, and 16.54%, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that TOC, TN, and MBN contributed 42%, 16.2%, and 22.2%, respectively, to the maize yield indicator. Principal component analysis showed that reduced N fertilizer was more effective in improving yields, with a maximum yield increase of 50.74%. Biochar blended with N fertilizer is an effective strategy to improve the fertility and productivity of black soils in northeast China, while nitrogen fertilizer reduction is feasible and necessary for maintaining grain yield.

Identifying Anthropogenic Sources of Heavy Metals in Alpine Peatlands over the Past 150 Years: Examples from Typical Peatlands in Altay Mountains, Northwest China.

Alpine mountain peatlands are valuable archives of climatic and anthropogenic impact. However, the impacts of human activities on the Altay peatlands are poorly documented. Therefore, studying heavy metal (HM) concentrations, evaluating HM pollution levels, and identifying the sources in the Altay Mountain peatlands are crucial for revealing the intensity of human activities. The present study was performed on two peatland profiles: Jiadengyu (JDY) and Heihu (HH). The contents of HM and 210Pb and 137Cs dating technologies were used to construct a profile of anthropogenic pollutant distributions in the peatlands. Furthermore, the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of selected HMs were used to evaluate the risk assessment of HMs. The association of metals and assignment of their probable sources were examined using principal component analysis (PCA) and a positive matrix factorization model (PMF). The results showed that the concentrations of elements Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, and As were at high levels in the two peatlands of the Altay Mountains, while the elements Hg and Cd were in low concentrations. Moreover, the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Hg, and Sb were higher than the background values of local element and posed a high environmental risk to the ecosystem. Combined with the results of the chronology, the peatland records indicated considerable growth in HMs concentrations from 1970 to 1990 related to recent anthropogenic activities. Additionally, the main sources of HMs are mining activities, domestic waste, and traffic sources in the two peatlands. Due to the environmental protection policies implemented since 2010, the natural processes have been the primary origin of HMs in peatlands, while emissions of industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste were still fundamental sources. The results of this study describe the sedimentary features of HMs in alpine mountains, and the data provide an essential theoretical basis for the evolutionary process through the characteristics of HM deposition.

Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity characterization of a novel anti-CD73 therapeutic antibody IBI325 for cancer immunotherapy.

It is an intriguing approach to target the ecto-5'-nucleotidase CD73 to confer synergetic beneficial survival in cancer patients, along with clinically established immunotherapy targets. In this study, a fully human, subnanomolar affinity CD73 antibody IBI325 was developed using the yeast display platform. Compared with Oleclumab, IBI325 was equivalent in hCD73 affinity and more potent in cell-bound and soluble CD73 enzymatic inhibition, and no hook effects were observed. Correspondingly, adenosine monophosphate-mediated immune suppression was reversed by IBI325, and significant T cell proliferation and release of cytokines were observed. Also, IBI325 enhanced the T cell recall response by inducing interferon-γ secretion. The antitumor efficacy of IBI325 was investigated in a hPBMC-reconstituted NOG mouse model, and a hCD73 knock-in mouse model. Consequently, IBI325 induced a significant tumor regression by inducing intratumoral immune cell expansion, and a combo therapy of IBI325 and aPD-1 was superior in efficacy than aCD73 or aPD-1 monotherapy. Additionally, the binding epitopes of CD73 to IBI325 were distinct from previously reported aCD73 therapeutics. IBI325 displayed acceptable pharmacokinetics and sufficient tolerable safety profiles to support clinical development. In conclusion, the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiles of IBI325 with complete CD73 inhibition were characterized, and encouraging preclinical outcomes were reported.

A novel ensemble-based statistical approach to estimate daily wildfire-specific PM2.5 in California (2006-2020).

Though fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has decreased in the United States (U.S.) in the past two decades, the increasing frequency, duration, and severity of wildfires significantly (though episodically) impairs air quality in wildfire-prone regions and beyond. Increasing PM2.5 concentrations derived from wildfire smoke and associated impacts on public health require dedicated epidemiological studies. Main sources of PM2.5 data are provided by government-operated monitors sparsely located across U.S., leaving several regions and potentially vulnerable populations unmonitored. Current approaches to estimate PM2.5 concentrations in unmonitored areas often rely on big data, such as satellite-derived aerosol properties and meteorological variables, apply computationally-intensive deterministic modeling, and do not distinguish wildfire-specific PM2.5 from other sources of emissions such as traffic and industrial sources. Furthermore, modelling wildfire-specific PM2.5 presents a challenge since measurements of the smoke contribution to PM2.5 pollution are not available. Here, we aim to use statistical methods to isolate wildfire-specific PM2.5 from other sources of emissions. Our study presents an ensemble model that optimally combines multiple machine learning algorithms (including gradient boosting machine, random forest and deep learning), and a large set of explanatory variables to, first, estimate daily PM2.5 concentrations at the ZIP code level, a relevant spatiotemporal resolution for epidemiological studies. Subsequently, we propose a novel implementation of an imputation approach to estimate the wildfire-specific PM2.5 concentrations that could be applied geographical regions in the US or worldwide. Our ensemble model achieved comparable results to previous machine learning studies for PM2.5 prediction while avoiding processing larger, computationally intensive datasets. Our study is the first to apply a suite of statistical models using readily available datasets to provide daily wildfire-specific PM2.5 at a fine spatial scale for a 15-year period, thus providing a relevant spatiotemporal resolution and timely contribution for epidemiological studies.

Accounting for space, time, and behavior using GPS derived dynamic measures of environmental exposure.

Time-weighted spatial averaging approaches (TWSA) are an increasingly utilized method for calculating exposure using global positioning system (GPS) mobility data for health-related research. They can provide a time-weighted measure of exposure, or dose, to various environments or health hazards. However, little work has been done to compare existing methodologies, nor to assess how sensitive these methods are to mobility data inputs (e.g., walking vs driving), the type of environmental data being assessed as the exposure (e.g., continuous surfaces vs points of interest), and underlying point-pattern clustering of participants (e.g., if a person is highly mobile vs predominantly stationary). Here we contrast three TWSA approaches that have been previously used or recently introduced in the literature: Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), Density Ranking (DR), and Point Overlay (PO). We feed GPS and accelerometer data from 602 participants through each method to derive time-weighted activity spaces, comparing four mobility behaviors: all movement, stationary time, walking time, and in-vehicle time. We then calculate exposure values derived from the various TWSA activity spaces with four environmental layer data types (point, line, area, surface). Similarities and differences across TWSA derived exposures for the sample and between individuals are explored, and we discuss interpretation of TWSA outputs providing recommendations for researchers seeking to apply these methods to health-related studies.

Dupilumab for Chronic Prurigo in Different Backgrounds: A Case Series.

Chronic prurigo (CPG) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by intense pruritus, and therapy is often challenging due to its unclear pathogenesis. Here, we report four patients with refractory CPG from different backgrounds who experienced failure of conventional therapy and were controlled with dupilumab, accompanied by a significant decrease in pruritus numerical rating scale, dermatology life quality index, and investigator global assessment, without adverse effects. Furthermore, dupilumab improved the condition of asthma in CPG patients along with an increase in asthma control test scores.

Prevalence and influencing factors of pandemic fatigue among Chinese public in Xi'an city during COVID-19 new normal: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess Chinese public pandemic fatigue and potential influencing factors using an appropriate tool and provide suggestions to relieve this fatigue. Methods: This study used a stratified sampling method by age and region and conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of citizens in Xi'an, China, from January to February 2022. A total of 1500 participants completed the questionnaire, which collected data on demographics, health status, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stressors, pandemic fatigue, COVID-19 fear, COVID-19 anxiety, personal resiliency, social support, community resilience, and knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19. Ultimately, 1354 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 90.0%. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine associations between pandemic fatigue and various factors. Result: Nearly half of the participants reported pandemic fatigue, the major manifestation of which was "being sick of hearing about COVID-19" (3.353 ± 1.954). The logistic regression model indicated that COVID-19 fear (OR = 2.392, 95% CI = 1.804-3.172), sex (OR = 1.377, 95% CI = 1.077-1.761), the pandemic's impact on employment (OR = 1.161, 95% CI = 1.016-1.327), and COVID-19 anxiety (OR = 1.030, 95% CI = 1.010-1.051) were positively associated with pandemic fatigue. Conversely, COVID-19 knowledge (OR = 0.894, 95% CI = 0.837-0.956), COVID-19 attitude (OR = 0.866, 95% CI = 0.827-0.907), COVID-19 practice (OR = 0.943, 95% CI = 0.914-0.972), community resiliency (OR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.958-0.999), and health status (OR = 0.982, 95% CI = 0.971-0.992) were negatively associated with pandemic fatigue. Conclusion: The prevalence of pandemic fatigue among the Chinese public was prominent. COVID-19 fear and COVID-19 attitude were the strongest risk factors and protective factors, respectively. These results indicated that the government should carefully utilize multi-channel promotion of anti-pandemic policies and knowledge.

Burning and Scaling Probably Associated with Dupilumab Therapy: A Case Report.

Case Report: We present the case of a 51-year-old male who experienced temporary desquamation and recurrent burning sensation in primary skin lesions after the injection of dupilumab. The scaling lasted for 1 week and subsided, while the burning became aggravated with each injection of dupilumab, which gradually subsides after 8 weeks, and there was no recurrence since then. Conclusion: Dupilumab is an emerging and efficacious biologics medication for AD. The burning sensation and scaling we report may be the adverse events of dupilumab. Rare adverse reactions to biologics deserve the attention of physicians.