How does climate change risk affect energy poverty? International evidence.

Based on cross-country data from 2002 to 2019, we explore the impact of climate change risk (CCR) on energy poverty (EP), and the moderating role in the CCR-EP nexus is also discussed. The empirical results suggest that CCR can exacerbate EP, especially for rural areas. Moderating effect analysis shows that financial development, technological innovation, and adaptation readiness can modify the negative impacts of CCR on EP to some extent. Moreover, the impact of CCR on EP is heterogeneous, demonstrating that CCR is more likely to exacerbate EP in countries with low economic development, low economic freedom, high carbon intensity, and the Africa region. Our findings emphasize the challenge of balancing EP alleviation with climate change response and provide the policy guidance to promote coordinated development of CCR management and energy supply security.

Climate risk and renewable energy technological innovation: An institutional environment perspective.

To explore whether climate risk (CR) affects renewable energy technological innovation (RETI) and its boundary conditions, this study examines the relationship between CR and RETI as moderated by institutional environment. Based on panel data of 60 countries for the period 2000-2019, we show that CR is not conducive to RETI, and that its negative marginal impact shows an inverted U-shaped trend with the improvement of RETI. Heterogeneity analysis shows that floods and storms have the greatest negative impacts on RETI, and that innovations in solar and wind energy technologies are more vulnerable to the adverse shocks of CR. Furthermore, CR has a greater adverse effect on RETI in developing countries than in developed countries. However, the institutional environment, especially the economic institutional environment, can work to mitigate the negative effect of CR on RETI. Our findings not only enrich the research on the economic consequences of CR but also provide effective ways to mitigate the adverse impact of CR on RETI from the perspective of institutional environment.

Ultrafast Impact Superspreading on Superamphiphilic Silicon Surfaces for Effective Thermal Management.

Controllable impact spreading behavior is critical for effective thermal management of spray cooling. However, splash and retraction are common problems on hydrophobic (HPB) and hydrophilic (HPL) surfaces. Herein, by regulation of surface wettability, we report a controllable ultrafast impact superspreading behavior (superspreading time of ∼3.0 ms) without splash and retraction on superamphiphilic (SAPL) silicon surfaces. Analysis of dynamic wetting processes combined with observation of lateral force microscopy images on SAPL surfaces reveals the existence of a precursor film at the spreading edge induced by heterogeneous surface wettability at nanoscale. Further study indicates that the inhibition of splash results from the high liquid flux in precursor film, which suppresses the interposition of air at the spreading edge. The reduction of Laplace forces owing to the presence of precursor film inhibits retraction at the spreading frontier. Taking advantage of this impact superspreading behavior on SAPL surfaces, effective heat dissipation is demonstrated, offering uniform and high heat flux for the spray cooling process.

Turbo-Synergistic Oily Wastewater Remediation in Bio-Inspired Cone Array Barrel.

Oily wastewater discharge causes not only the pollution of environment but also the waste of resources. Existing technologies for wastewater remediation, such as membrane and particle methods, are variable and effective, but are difficult for achieving continuous and rapid oil-water separation. Here, with the synergy of turbo stirring, a strategy for emulsion separation is demonstrated based on the bio-inspired cone array barrel. Under the centrifugal force, oil droplets in emulsion are thrown onto the cones arrayed on inner wall due to the Coriolis effect, captured by microstructures on cone surface and then penetrate out through the superhydrophobic pores, while only the remediated water remains. The separation technique maintains a high efficiency of above 99.5% for over 30 times of use, as well as for emulsions with variable ingredients. This structure-dynamics synergistic separation strategy evolves the future technologies on water purification in industrial and daily processes.

Super-spreading on superamphiphilic micro-organized nanochannel anodic aluminum oxide surfaces for heat dissipation.

Nature-inspired superamphiphilic surfaces have drawn tremendous attention owing to its extreme liquid-loving behaviors. Herein, a micro-organized nano-channel (Mo-Na) superamphiphilic anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surface with long-lasting superamphiphilic property is prepared by a facile one-step anodization method with controllable temperature change. Analysis of dynamic wetting behaviors on superamphiphilic Mo-Na AAO surfaces for various liquids reveals that the spreading factor is in negative correlation with the surface tension and liquid polarity. Detailed observation of the three-phase contact line shows a micro-scale capillary film on superamphiphilic Mo-Na AAO surfaces, which results from the horizontal component of the capillary force. Taking advantage of the superamphiphilic property, water droplets can spread completely on these Mo-Na AAO surfaces within a short time, which can be applied for efficient heat dissipation. Moreover, the unique AAO surface with Mo-Na structures also offers an effective template for future efforts in AAO-based composite devices.

LncRNA LINC01116 Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration And Invasion In Gastric Cancer By Positively Interacting With lncRNA CASC11.

PURPOSE: The oncogenic roles of lncRNA LINC01116 have been reported in several types of cancer, while its involvement in gastric cancer is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of LINC01116 in gastric cancer. METHODS: Gene expression was detected by qPCR. Correlations were analyzed by linear regression. Overexpression and siRNA silencing techniques were used to analyze gene functions. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed by Transwell assays. RESULTS: LINC01116 and lncRNA CASC11 were both upregulated in cancer tissues compared to cancer-adjacent tissues. Expression levels of LINC01116 and CASC11 were increased with the increase in clinical stages. Expression levels of LINC01116 and CASC11 were positively correlated. Overexpression of LINC01116 mediated the upregulated CASC11 in gastric cancer cells, and CASC11 overexpression also led to overexpressed LINC01116. Overexpression of LINC01116 and CASC11 led to promoted invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells. Rescue experiments showed that CASC11 knockdown attenuated the effects of LINC01116 overexpression. Overexpression of LINC01116 failed to significantly affect cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: LINC01116 promoted cancer cell invasion and migration in gastric cancer by positively interacting with CASC11.

Positive effects of porcine IL-2 and IL-4 on virus-specific immune responses induced by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 DNA vaccine in swine.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of porcine interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 DNA vaccine in piglets. Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA-ORF5, pcDNA-IL-2, and pcDNA-IL-4 were constructed and then expressed in Marc-145 cells. The effects of these genes were detected using an indirect immunofluorescent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Characteristic fluorescence was observed at different times after pcDNA- ORF5 was expressed in the Marc-145 cells, and PCR products corresponding to ORF5, IL-2, and IL-4 genes were detected at 48 h. Based on these data, healthy piglets were injected intramuscularly with different combinations of the purified plasmids: pcDNA-ORF5 alone, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-2, pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4, and pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA- IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2. The ensuing humoral immune responses, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferation indices, and interferon-g expression were analyzed. Results revealed that the piglets co-immunized with pcDNA-ORF5 + pcDNA-IL-4 + pcDNA-IL-2 plasmids developed significantly higher antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels, had significantly increased levels of specific T lymphocyte proliferation, elevated percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and significantly higher IFN-γ production than the other inoculated pigs (p < 0.05).

[Giant branchial cyst with infection in newborn infant: case report].

Branchial cyst is a rarely seen inheritent cyst commonly located in the lateral face and neck.A giant branchial cyst with infection in a newborn infant was reported in this paper. Surgical enucleate of the cyst was performed at 17 days of the infant with good result. The patient has been followed up for 2 years without recurrence.

Analysis of Multivariables during Porcine Liver Digestion to Improve Hepatocyte Yield and Viability for Use in Bioartificial Liver Support Systems.

In order to achieve optimal BALSS function, preparation of porcine hepatocytes with high yield, viability, and P450 activity is known to be important. To date hepatocyte yields have varied from 0.58 × 1010 to 3.45 × 10 and viabilities from 75% to 95% within and between laboratories, even when using the same digestion methods and procedures, indicating that hepatocyte isolation during porcine liver digestion is not fully optimized. The aim of this work was to identify the critical parameters affecting cell recovery during porcine liver harvesting by investigating 21 variables involved in the process, including pig body and liver weight, different digestion times of perfusates, pH, a range of concentrations of sodium and chloride in EDTA, and collagenase perfusates. Univariate and multivariate analysis of a retrospective study (n = 23) revealed that low perfusate pH during the process of digestion had a positive effect on hepatocyte yield (p < 0.05), while high (relative) concentrations of sodium and chloride in the perfusates had significant negative effects on hepatocyte viability (both p < 0.05). Sodium and chloride had narrow optimal ranges for achieving a >90% viability. These findings were then tested in a prospective study (n = 10) and further verified. High hepatocyte viabilities (91.8 ± 1.6%, p = 0.036) and yields (2.56 ± 0.48 × 1010) were achieved consistently, and P450IA1 activity was increased after sodium and chloride concentrations and pH in the perfusates were controlled. The physiological mechanism by which sodium and chloride affects hepatocyte viability during porcine liver digestion is discussed.