Construction of Prediction Model of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks and Its Trend Prediction - Guizhou Province, China, 2023-2025.

Objective: Foodborne diseases pose a significant public health concern globally. This study aims to analyze the correlation between disease prevalence and climatic conditions, forecast the pattern of foodborne disease outbreaks, and offer insights for effective prevention and control strategies and optimizing health resource allocation policies in Guizhou Province. Methods: This study utilized the χ2 test and four comprehensive prediction models to analyze foodborne disease outbreaks recorded in the Guizhou Foodborne Disease Outbreak system between 2012 and 2022. The best-performing model was chosen to forecast the trend of foodborne disease outbreaks in Guizhou Province, 2023-2025. Results: Significant variations were observed in the incidence of foodborne disease outbreaks in Guizhou Province concerning various meteorological factors (all P≤0.05). Among all models, the SARIMA-ARIMAX combined model demonstrated the most accurate predictive performance (RMSE: Prophet model=67.645, SARIMA model=3.953, ARIMAX model=26.544, SARIMA-ARIMAX model=26.196; MAPE: Prophet model=42.357%, SARIMA model=37.740%, ARIMAX model=15.289%, SARIMA-ARIMAX model=13.961%). Conclusion: The analysis indicates that foodborne disease outbreaks in Guizhou Province demonstrate distinct seasonal patterns. It is recommended to concentrate prevention efforts during peak periods. The SARIMA-ARIMAX hybrid model enhances the precision of monthly forecasts for foodborne disease outbreaks, offering valuable insights for future prevention and control strategies.

Prognostic and chemotherapeutic implications of a novel four-gene pyroptosis model in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers. Chemotherapy remains one dominant therapeutic strategy, while a substantial proportion of patients may develop chemotherapeutic resistance; therefore, it is particularly significant to identify the patients who could achieve maximum benefits from chemotherapy. Presently, four pyroptosis genes are reported to correlate with the chemotherapeutic response or prognosis of HNSCC, while no study has assessed the combinatorial predicting efficacy of these four genes. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the predictive value of a multi-gene pyroptosis model regarding the prognosis and chemotherapeutic responsiveness in HNSCC. Methods: By utilizing RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Gene Expression Omnibus database, the pyroptosis-related gene score (PRGscore) was computed for each HNSCC sample by performing a Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) based on four genes (Caspase-1, Caspase-3, Gasdermin D, Gasdermin E). The prognostic significance of the PRGscore was assessed through Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Additionally, chemotherapy sensitivity stratified by high and low PRGscore was examined to determine the potential association between pyroptosis activity and chemosensitivity. Furthermore, chemotherapy sensitivity assays were conducted in HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Results: As a result, our study successfully formulated a PRGscore reflective of pyroptotic activity in HNSCC. Higher PRGscore correlates with worse prognosis. However, patients with higher PRGscore were remarkably more responsive to chemotherapy. In agreement, chemotherapy sensitivity tests on HNSCC cell lines indicated a positive association between overall pyroptosis levels and chemosensitivity to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil; in addition, patients with higher PRGscore may benefit from the immunotherapy. Overall, our study suggests that HNSCC patients with higher PRGscore, though may have a less favorable prognosis, chemotherapy and immunotherapy may exhibit better benefits in this population.

Oral epithelial dysplasia detection and grading in oral leukoplakia using deep learning.

BACKGROUND: The grading of oral epithelial dysplasia is often time-consuming for oral pathologists and the results are poorly reproducible between observers. In this study, we aimed to establish an objective, accurate and useful detection and grading system for oral epithelial dysplasia in the whole-slides of oral leukoplakia. METHODS: Four convolutional neural networks were compared using the image patches from 56 whole-slide of oral leukoplakia labeled by pathologists as the gold standard. Sequentially, feature detection models were trained, validated and tested with 1,000 image patches using the optimal network. Lastly, a comprehensive system named E-MOD-plus was established by combining feature detection models and a multiclass logistic model. RESULTS: EfficientNet-B0 was selected as the optimal network to build feature detection models. In the internal dataset of whole-slide images, the prediction accuracy of E-MOD-plus was 81.3% (95% confidence interval: 71.4-90.5%) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.793 (95% confidence interval: 0.650 to 0.925); in the external dataset of 229 tissue microarray images, the prediction accuracy was 86.5% (95% confidence interval: 82.4-90.0%) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.669 (95% confidence interval: 0.496 to 0.843). CONCLUSIONS: E-MOD-plus was objective and accurate in the detection of pathological features as well as the grading of oral epithelial dysplasia, and had potential to assist pathologists in clinical practice.

Immune escape of head and neck cancer mediated by the impaired MHC-I antigen presentation pathway.

Tumor immune evasion is a hallmark of Head and Neck Cancers. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting has transformed the management of these tumors. Unfortunately, the response rate of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) to ICIs is below 15%, regardless of the human papillomavirus (HPV) status, which might be partially related with impaired antigen presentation machinery (APM). Mechanistically, HNSCC cells are usually defective in the expression of MHC-I associated APM, while this transcriptional pathway is critical for the activation of tumor-killing effector T-cells. To specifically illuminate the phenomenon and seek for therapeutic strategies, this review summarizes the most recently identified role of genetic and functional dysregulation of the MHC-I pathway, specifically through changes at the genetic, epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels, which substantially contributes to HNSCC immune escape and ICI resistance. Several treatment modalities can be potentially exploited to restore APM signaling in tumors, which improves anti-tumor immunity through the activation of interferons, vaccines or rimantadine against HPV and the inhibition of EGFR, SHP-2, PI3K and MEK. Additionally, the combinatorial use of radiotherapy or cytotoxic agents with ICIs can synergize to potentiate APM signaling. Future directions would include further dissection of MHC-I related APM signaling in HNSCC and whether reversing this inhibition in combination with ICIs would elicit a more robust immune response leading to improved response rates in HNSCC. Therapeutic approaches to restore the MHC-I antigen presentation machinery in Head and Neck Cancer. (Red color texts represent the according strategies and the outcomes).

Feedback Intervention for the Control of Glucocorticoid Prescription in Primary Care Institutions: A Cluster Randomized Cross-Over Controlled Trial in Southwest China.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of glucocorticoid prescription feedback intervention in complex primary care institutions for regulating its inappropriate use. Design Setting and Interventions: A six-month cluster randomized cross-over controlled trial was conducted in primary care institutions. A total of 347 physicians from 69 participating institutions were randomly allocated to either group A or group B. Both groups were given feedback interventions or serve as control. The feedback intervention comprised two components: a real-time pop-up warning of inappropriate glucocorticoid prescriptions based on the Hospital Information System and a high-proportion prescription feedback intervention warning system. Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was the 10-day inappropriate glucocorticoid prescription rate, while the 10-day glucocorticoid prescription rate served as secondary outcome measure. Results: At baseline, the 10-day inappropriate glucocorticoid prescription rates were 66.63% and 66.57% in group A and group B, respectively, showing no significant difference (p = 0.140). Following the intervention, group A exhibited a significant reduction in 10-day inappropriate glucocorticoid prescription rate at the crossing point by 13.69% (p < 0.001). In contrast, group B, which served as the control group, experienced an increase of 5.93% (p = 0.037) at the same crossover point. After the crossover point, there was a decrease in 10-day inappropriate glucocorticoid prescription rate for both groups. Group B as the intervention group demonstrated a reduction of 28.22% compared to the crossing point (p < 0.001), whereas group A showed a decrease of 12.20% (p = 0.339). The characteristics of physicians did not significantly influence the inappropriate glucocorticoid prescription rate. Conclusion: The real-time pop-up warning of inappropriate glucocorticoid prescriptions based on the Hospital Information System and high-proportion prescription feedback intervention warning system can effectively regulate the inappropriate glucocorticoid prescribing behavior of physicians. Trial Registration: ISRCTN11747547.

Fine mapping and analysis of candidate genes for qBT2 and qBT7.2 locus controlling bolting time in radish (Raphanus sativus L.).

KEY MESSAGE: Two major QTLs for bolting time in radish were mapped to chromosome 02 and 07 in a 0.37 Mb and 0. 52 Mb interval, RsFLC1 and RsFLC2 is the critical genes. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop of Cruciferae. The premature bolting and flowering reduces the yield and quality of the fleshy root of radish. However, the molecular mechanism underlying bolting and flowering in radish remains unknown. In YZH (early bolting) × XHT (late bolting) F2 population, a high-density genetic linkage map was constructed with genetic distance of 2497.74 cM and an average interval of 2.31 cM. A total of nine QTLs for bolting time and two QTLs for flowering time were detected. Three QTLs associated with bolting time in radish were identified by QTL-seq using radish GDE (early bolting) × GDL (late bolting) F2 population. Fine mapping narrowed down qBT2 and qBT7.2 to an 0.37 Mb and 0.52 Mb region on chromosome 02 and 07, respectively. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis showed that RsFLC1 and RsFLC2 were the candidate gene for qBT7.2 and qBT2 locus, respectively. Subcellular localization exhibited that RsFLC1 and RsFLC2 were mainly expressed in the nucleus. A 1856-bp insertion in the first intron of RsFLC1 was responsible for bolting time. Overexpression of RsFLC2 in Arabidopsis was significantly delayed flowering. These findings will provide new insights into the exploring the molecular mechanism of late bolting and promote the marker-assisted selection for breeding late-bolting varieties in radish.

Trends and Patterns of Systemic Glucocorticoid Prescription in Primary Care Institutions in Southwest China, from 2018 to 2021.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prescribing patterns and usage trends of systemic glucocorticoids in primary care institutions located in Southwest China from 2018 to 2021. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of systemic glucocorticoids prescriptions was conducted in 32 primary care institutions located in Southwest China between 2018 and 2021. Prescriptions of systemic glucocorticoids were classified as appropriate or inappropriate use. Inappropriate use was further classified into (1) inappropriate indications and (2) inappropriate selection of glucocorticoids. Generalized estimation equations were employed to investigate the factors associated with inappropriate utilization of systemic glucocorticoids. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was employed to predict the rate of inappropriate glucocorticoids prescriptions. Results: A total of 203,846 (92.89%) prescriptions were included, both the number of systemic glucocorticoids prescriptions and inappropriate prescriptions increased in winter. Diseases of the respiratory system (68.90%) were the most frequent targets of systemic glucocorticoids use. Of all prescriptions, 73.18% exhibited inappropriate indications, while 0.05% demonstrated inappropriate selection. The utilization of systemic glucocorticoids was deemed inappropriate for diseases of the respiratory system (94.19%), followed by diseases of the digestive system (87.75%). Physicians, who were female or younger than 33 years old, possess lower levels of education and professional titles and exhibit a higher likelihood of inappropriately prescribing systemic glucocorticoids. The phenomenon of inappropriate glucocorticoids use was commoner among male patients aged 65 years and older. After conducting model verification, it was determined that the SARIMA model could be used to predict the monthly rate of inappropriate systemic glucocorticoids prescriptions in primary care institutions in southwest China. Conclusion: The inappropriate use of systemic glucocorticoids remains a significant concern in primary care institutions. In this regard, continuing education and professional knowledge training of physicians should be strengthened in the future.

Genome-wide identification of long non-coding RNAs and their potential functions in radish response to salt stress.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as cis- and trans-acting regulators of protein-coding genes in plants, particularly in response to abiotic stressors. Among these stressors, high soil salinity poses a significant challenge to crop productivity. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a prominent root vegetable crop that exhibits moderate susceptibility to salt stress, particularly during the seedling stage. Nevertheless, the precise regulatory mechanisms through which lncRNAs contribute to salt response in radish remain largely unexplored. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification of lncRNAs using strand-specific RNA sequencing on radish fleshy root samples subjected to varying time points of salinity treatment. A total of 7,709 novel lncRNAs were identified, with 363 of them displaying significant differential expression in response to salt application. Furthermore, through target gene prediction, 5,006 cis- and 5,983 trans-target genes were obtained for the differentially expressed lncRNAs. The predicted target genes of these salt-responsive lncRNAs exhibited strong associations with various plant defense mechanisms, including signal perception and transduction, transcription regulation, ion homeostasis, osmoregulation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, photosynthesis, phytohormone regulation, and kinase activity. Notably, this study represents the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of salt-responsive lncRNAs in radish, to the best of our knowledge. These findings provide a basis for future functional analysis of lncRNAs implicated in the defense response of radish against high salinity, which will aid in further understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying radish response to salt stress.

A multi-center cross-sectional study of 1495 Chinese oral lichen planus patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) and risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with OLP from 11 different hospitals were included in the study. Descriptive statistical methods were used to explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics and logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were utilized to explore the risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 49.2 ± 13.3 years, and 61.4% of the patients were women. The ratios of patients with reticular, hyperemic/erythematous, and erosive/ulcerative lesions were 47.9%, 27.8%, and 24.2%, respectively. Analysis of risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP identified the following variables: age, course of disease of 12 months or more, II°-III° dental calculus, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, as well as regions of habitation. Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP in patients with and without risk behaviors. CONCLUSION: The clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients with OLP in the Chinese population in this study are basically consistent with existing reports in developed countries. And we identified clinical characteristics associated with erosive/ulcerative OLP through clinical epidemiological analysis.

Post-cationic modification of a porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymer for enhanced removal performance of bisphenol A.

A porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymer photocatalyst named LDPO-2 was synthesized by a post-modification approach, which improved its hydrophilicity and visible light absorption ability. LDPO-2 achieved >99.5% removal efficiency for bisphenol A (BPA, 10 ppm) within 12 min of exposure to visible light, and the photocatalytic mechanism and potential degradation pathways were well investigated. LDPO-2 also exhibited impressive removal efficiency against BPA analogues, proving its practical applications in real-water treatment scenarios.

Hydroxychloroquine is effective in oral lichen planus: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to evaluate the safety and benefit of short-term application of hydroxychloroquine in the management of atrophic/erosive/ulcerative oral lichen planus (OLP). METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded, prospective clinical trial was performed from October 1, 2019, to September 1, 2022. A total of 99 patients were randomized to receive systemic use of hydroxychloroquine (n = 50), or topical use of 0.05% dexamethasone (n = 49) for 4 weeks. The response to both treatment modalities was evaluated according to reticulation, hyperemic, and ulceration (RHU) score and visual analog scale (VAS) score. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of medication, both groups showed substantial reduction in RHU and VAS score (p < 0.05). In hydroxychloroquine group, the average of RHU score was reduced from 10.60 to 7.68 (dropped 27.49%), and the average of VAS score was reduced from 3.74 to 2.47 (dropped 34.09%). There were no differences between the two groups in reduction of RHU score and VAS score (p > 0.05). Single factor analysis found hyperemic area (p = 0.019) and erosive/ulcerative area (p = 0.024) had impacts on drug efficacy of hydroxychloroquine, and logistic regression revealed that no factors (p > 0.05) influenced its efficacy. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate hydroxychloroquine is a safe and effective agent in treating atrophic/erosive/ulcerative OLP.

Trends and Patterns of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Primary Care Institutions in Southwest China, 2017-2022.

Purpose: To explore the prescription patterns and usage trends of antibiotics within primary care institutions located in underdeveloped regions of China from 2017 to 2022. Methods: A retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescriptions was conducted from 25 primary care institutions in Guizhou Province during the period of 2017-2022. Antibiotic prescriptions were categorized into appropriate and inappropriate use. Appropriate use is further categorized into preferred medication, and antibiotics can be used or substituted. Inappropriate use is further categorized into unnecessary use, incorrect spectrum of antibiotics and combined use of antibiotics. Factors associated with inappropriate use were investigated using generalized estimation equations. Holt-Winters and SARIMA models were employed to predict the number of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions as the alternative model. Results: A total of 941,924 prescriptions were included, revealing a decreasing trend in both the number and inappropriate rates of antibiotic prescriptions from 2017 to 2022. Diseases of the respiratory system (70.66%) was the most frequent target of antibiotic use, with acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites representing 52.04% of these cases. The most commonly used antibiotics were penicillins (64.44%). Among all prescriptions, inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions reached 66.19%. Physicians aged over 35, holding the title of associate chief physician and possessing more than 11 years of experience were more likely to prescribe antibiotics inappropriately. The phenomenon of inappropriate antibiotic use was commoner among children aged five or younger. By comparing model parameters, it was determined that the SARIMA model outperforms the Holt-Winters model in predicting the number of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions among primary care institutions. Conclusion: The number and inappropriate rates of antibiotic prescriptions in southwest China exhibited a downward trend from 2017 to 2022, but inappropriate prescription remains a serious problem in primary care institutions. Therefore, future efforts should focus on strengthening physician education, training, and clinical practice. Additionally, physicians' awareness of common misconceptions about inappropriate antibiotic use must be improved, and the prescribing behavior of physicians who fulfill patients' expectations by prescribing antibiotics needs to be modified.

Prognostic and clinicopathological role of RACK1 for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) expression is associated with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of various cancers; however, the conclusions are controversial. As a result, this study aimed to explore the clinicopathological and prognostic values of RACK1 expression in patients with cancer. Methodology: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were comprehensively explored from their inception to April 20, 2023, for selecting studies on the clinicopathological and prognostic role of RACK1 in patients with cancer that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the prognosis-predictive value of RACK1 expression, while pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to evaluate the correlation between RACK1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cancer. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Twenty-two studies (13 on prognosis and 20 on clinicopathological characteristics) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings indicated that high RACK1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.13-2.33; P = 0.009; I2 = 89%) and reversely correlated with disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.22-2.88; P = 0.004; I2 = 0%). Furthermore, increased RACK1 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion/N+ stage (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.04-2.90; P = 0.04; I2 = 79%) of tumors. Conclusions: RACK1 may be a global predictive marker of poor prognosis in patients with cancer and unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics. However, further clinical studies are required to validate these findings.

Development of SNP and InDel markers by genome resequencing and transcriptome sequencing in radish (Raphanus sativus L.).

BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) are the most abundant genetic variations and widely distribute across the genomes in plant. Development of SNP and InDel markers is a valuable tool for genetics and genomic research in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). RESULTS: In this study, a total of 366,679 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 97,973 insertion-deletion (InDel) markers were identified based on genome resequencing between 'YZH' and 'XHT'. In all, 53,343 SNPs and 4,257 InDels were detected in two cultivars by transcriptome sequencing. Among the InDel variations, 85 genomic and 15 transcriptomic InDels were newly developed and validated PCR. The 100 polymorphic InDels markers generated 207 alleles among 200 Chinese radish germplasm, with an average 2.07 of the number of alleles (Na) and with an average 0.33 of the polymorphism information content (PIC). Population structure and phylogenetic relationship revealed that the radish cultivars from northern China were clustered together and the southwest China cultivars were clustered together. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 11,003 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two cultivars, of which 5,020 were upregulated and 5,983 were downregulated. In total, 145 flowering time-related DGEs were detected, most of which were involved in flowering time integrator, circadian clock/photoperiod autonomous, and vernalization pathways. In flowering time-related DGEs region, 150 transcriptomic SNPs and 9 InDels were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The large amount of SNPs and InDels identified in this study will provide a valuable marker resource for radish genetic and genomic studies. The SNPs and InDels within flowering time-related DGEs provide fundamental insight into for dissecting molecular mechanism of bolting and flowering in radish.

Super-Rapid In Situ Formation of a Silver Ion-Induced Supramolecular Hydrogel with Efficient Antibacterial Activity for Root Canal Disinfection.

Supramolecular hydrogels prepared using low-molecular-weight gelators have attracted considerable attention for biomedical applications. However, in situ supramolecular hydrogels are limited in terms of their prolonged gelation time and/or unstable nature at high temperatures. In this study, we constructed a stable supramolecular Ag-isoG hydrogel through super-rapid in situ formation, wherein hydrogelation process occurred instantaneously upon mixing isoG and Ag+ within 1 s under ambient conditions. Interestingly, unlike most nucleoside-based supramolecular hydrogels, this Ag-isoG hydrogel remains stable even at a high temperature (100 °C). Moreover, the as-designed hydrogel demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans owing to the strong chelating ability of Ag ions, and the hydrogel exhibited relatively low cytotoxicity in root canal and an easy removal feature by saline. The hydrogel was then applied to a root canal infection model, which demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, with performance even better than that of the regular calcium hydroxide paste. This feature makes the Ag-isoG hydrogel a prospective alternative material as intracanal medicaments for root canal treatment.

EVALUATING THE OUTCOMES OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE THERAPY VS SURGERY FOR ORAL MUCOCELES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

OBJECTIVES: Oral mucoceles could be managed with minimally invasive therapy (MIT) or conventional surgery, and both modalities reportedly possess advantages and demerits. This review aims to investigate and compare the postoperative disease recurrence and complications of these interventions with each other. METHODS: Relevant studies were searched in 5 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) from inception to December 17, 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of disease recurrence, overall complications, nerve injury and bleeding/hematoma in MIT vs conventional surgery were calculated in meta-analysis. Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) was performed to confirm our conclusions and assess the need for future trials. RESULTS: Six studies (1 randomized controlled trial and 5 cohort studies) were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed no significant difference in recurrence between MIT and conventional surgery (RR=0.80; 95% CI, 0.39-1.64; P = .54; I2=17%), and the results of the subgroup analysis were consistent. The incidence of the overall complications (RR=0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.47; P = .001; I2=0%) and nerve injury (RR=0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.82; P = .02; I2=0%) was significantly lower in MIT than in conventional surgery, but the incidence of bleeding/hematoma presented no significant difference (RR=0.34; 95% CI, 0.06-2.07; P = .24; I2=0%). The results of TSA suggested that the conclusion of MIT significantly reducing the risk of overall complications was stable; and additional clinical trials were need in the future for confirming the conclusions regarding disease recurrence, nerve injury and bleeding/hematoma. CONCLUSIONS: For mucoceles in the oral cavity, MIT is less likely to induce complications (i.e., nerve injury) compared with surgical removal, and the control of disease recurrence is comparable to that of conventional surgery. Therefore, the application of MIT for mucoceles could be a promising alternative to conventional surgery when the latter is not applicable.

Stabilizing Liquids Using Interfacial Supramolecular Assemblies.

Stabilizing liquids based on supramolecular assembly (non-covalent intermolecular interactions) has attracted significant interest, due to the increasing demand for soft, liquid-based devices where the shape of the liquid is far from the equilibrium spherical shape. The components comprising these interfacial assemblies must have sufficient binding energies to the interface to prevent their ejection from the interface when the assemblies are compressed. Here, we highlight recent advances in structuring liquids based on non-covalent intermolecular interactions. We describe some of the progress made that reveals structure-property relationships. In addition to treating advances, we discuss some of the limitations and provide a perspective on future directions to inspire further studies on structured liquids based on supramolecular assembly.

Single-cell immune profiling reveals immune responses in oral lichen planus.

Introduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa with an unclear etiology. Several types of immune cells are involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Methods: We used single-cell RNA sequencing and immune repertoire sequencing to characterize the mucosal immune microenvironment of OLP. The presence of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells are validated by multiplex immunofluorescence. Results: We generated a transcriptome atlas from four OLP biopsy samples and their paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and compared them with two healthy tissues and three healthy PBMCs samples. Our analysis revealed activated tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in OLP tissues. T cell receptor repertoires displayed apperant clonal expansion and preferrential gene pairing in OLP patients. Additionally, obvious BCR clonal expansion was observed in OLP lesions. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, a subtype that can promote dendritic cell maturation and enhance lymphocyte cytotoxicity, were identified in OLP. Conventional dendritic cells and macrophages are also found to exhibit pro-inflammatory activity in OLP. Cell-cell communication analysis reveals that fibroblasts might promote the recruitment and extravasation of immune cells into connective tissue. Discussion: Our study provides insights into the immune ecosystem of OLP, serving as a valuable resource for precision diagnosis and therapy of OLP.

The long noncoding RNA LINC15957 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in radish.

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important root vegetable crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Anthocyanin rich radish varieties are popular among consumers because of their bright color and high nutritional value. However, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for skin and flesh induce anthocyanin biosynthesis in transient overexpression, gene silencing and transcriptome sequencing were used to verify its function in radish anthocyanin accumulation, radish remains unclear. Here, we identified a long noncoding RNA LINC15957, overexpression of LINC15957 was significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation in radish leaves, and the expression levels of structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were also significantly increased. Anthocyanin accumulation and expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were significantly reduced in silenced LINC15957 flesh when compared with control. By the transcriptome sequencing of the overexpressed LINC15957 plants and the control, 5,772 differentially expressed genes were identified. A total of 3,849 differentially expressed transcription factors were identified, of which MYB, bHLH, WD40, bZIP, ERF, WRKY and MATE were detected and differentially expressed in the overexpressed LINC15957 plants. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the genes were significant enriched in tyrosine, L-Phenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylpropanol, and flavonoid biosynthesis. RT-qPCR analysis showed that 8 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were differentially expressed in LINC15957-overexpressed plants. These results suggested that LINC15957 involved in regulate anthocyanin accumulation and provide abundant data to investigate the genes regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish.

Nicotine Suppresses Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages by Regulating the miR-296-3p-SIRPα Axis.

Phagocytic ability of macrophage is responsible for tuberculosis infection. Nicotine has been shown to attenuate the phagocytic ability of macrophage; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that nicotine increased the message RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) and enhanced the stability of SIRPα mRNA in macrophage. Nicotine decreased the expression of microRNA (miR)-296-3p, which directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of SIRPα mRNA in macrophage. Furthermore, nicotine inhibited the phagocytic ability of macrophage by regulating the miR-296-3p-SIRPα axis. Moreover, nicotine decreased miR-296-3p expression via increasing c-Myc expression in macrophage. Together, we found that nicotine attenuate the phagocytic ability of macrophage by regulating the c-Myc-miR-296-3p-SIRPα signal.