Scrofuloderma of the chest with mediastinal TB.

Cutaneous tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in most cases and rarely by Mycobacterium bovis. Diagnosis may be challenging due to a wide range of clinical findings and similarities to other chronic dermatoses, leading to delayed treatment. We present a case of scrofuloderma in a 4-year-old girl that arose from a contiguous spread from the anterior mediastinum with associated pulmonary involvement.

Physical Fitness and Body Composition of Youth Referees in Invasion Games.

BACKGROUND: Referees' activity can be an instrument for training students with an impact on health-related physical fitness (PF). This study aimed to investigate the differences in PF and body composition between students without sports practice (G1), students with regular sports practice (G2), and student referees in team invasion games (G3). METHODS: This study followed a cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 45 male students between 14 and 20 years old (16.40 ± 1.85). Three groups (G1, G2, and G3) of 15 participants each were selected. PF was assessed by a 20 m shuttle run, change-of-direction test, and standing long jump. Body composition was determined by body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and the percentage of body fat (%BF) predicted by skinfold. RESULTS: After controlling for age as a covariate, the block of variables used to characterize PF was statistically different between sports practice groups favoring student referees (p < 0.001; r = 0.26). Similar results were achieved for body composition (i.e., BMI and %BF) (p < 0.001; r = 0.17). However, when the dependent variables were evaluated separately, there were only differences between groups in %BF (p = 0.007; r = 0.21). Student referees had statistically significantly lower values than the remaining groups. CONCLUSION: Refereeing activity benefits PF related to health and performance, including body composition. This study confirms the benefits related to health in children and adolescents who are involved in refereeing activity.

A inserção da realidade virtual aplicada na recuperação físico-funcional de membros superiores após acidente vascular encefálico: uma revisão sistemática / The insertion of virtual reality applied in the physical and functional recuperation of upper limbs after a stroke: a systematic review

Uma das principais causas de morte e limitação funcional em todo o mundo é o Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), causando alterações significativas sobre as atividades de vida diária do indivíduo. O AVE ocorre a partir de comprometimentos vasculares, ocasionando danos cognitivos e musculares, sendo necessário o tratamento fisioterapêutico para a recuperação da função. A realidade virtual se tornou uma aliada da fisioterapia para a recuperação de pacientes pós-AVE, como forma de tornar o tratamento mais interativo e atraente para o paciente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficácia do uso da realidade virtual na recuperação funcional dos membros superiores em pacientes com sequelas de AVE, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Os estudos utilizados foram buscados em duas bases de dados, onde aqueles selecionados deveriam obedecer aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-determinados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a realidade virtual em conjunto com a fisioterapia pode proporcionar resultados significantes para a melhora funcional do membro superior afetado, o que acarreta melhora e bem estar geral do paciente. (AU)

One of the main causes of death and functional limitation worldwide is the stroke, causing significant changes in the individual's daily activities. Stroke occurs from vascular impairments, causing cognitive and muscle damage, requiring physiotherapeutic treatment to recover function. Virtual reality has become a complement of physiotherapy for the recovery of post-stroke patients, with a way of making treatment more interactive and attractive to the patient. The present study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the use of virtual reality in the functional recovery of the upper limbs in patients with stroke sequelae, through a systematic review. The studies used were searched on two scientific bases, where those selected should obey the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained showed that virtual reality in conjunction with physical therapy can provide significant results for the functional improvement of the upper limb affected, which leads to improvement and general well-being of the patient. (AU)