Dual career competency questionnaire for athletes: psychometric properties of the Brazilian version.

Introduction: No studies have yet attempted to quantitatively measure the competencies of Brazilian student-athletes. Consequently, there are no validated measures suitable for this purpose. The aim of this research was to examine the psychometric properties and assess content validity, factorial validity and evidence based on response processes of the Brazilian version of the Dual Career Competency Questionnaire for Athletes (DCCQ-A). Methods: The Brazilian DCCQ-A was administered to 745 student-athletes (Mage = 17.3 ± 5.4; 54% female; 8% student-athletes with disabilities). Results: Content validity coefficient analysis indicated clarity of language, theoretical pertinence, and practical relevance of the Brazilian DCCQ-A items. Confirmatory factorial analysis revealed excellent goodness-of-fit indices of the 4-factor structure model. Polytomous Rasch analysis demonstrated an acceptable adjustment of the items and good organization in the item response categories. Discussion: Considering the psychometric strength of the Brazilian DCCQ-A, this instrument can contribute to the practical and research applicability of sport psychology, providing support to those involved with student-athletes' dual career by identifying their competencies and possible limitations.

The HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Regulates Its Own Condensation by Phase-Separated Activity-Enhancing Sequestration of the Viral Protease during Maturation.

A growing number of studies indicate that mRNAs and long ncRNAs can affect protein populations by assembling dynamic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. These phase-separated molecular 'sponges', stabilized by quinary (transient and weak) interactions, control proteins involved in numerous biological functions. Retroviruses such as HIV-1 form by self-assembly when their genomic RNA (gRNA) traps Gag and GagPol polyprotein precursors. Infectivity requires extracellular budding of the particle followed by maturation, an ordered processing of ∼2400 Gag and ∼120 GagPol by the viral protease (PR). This leads to a condensed gRNA-NCp7 nucleocapsid and a CAp24-self-assembled capsid surrounding the RNP. The choreography by which all of these components dynamically interact during virus maturation is one of the missing milestones to fully depict the HIV life cycle. Here, we describe how HIV-1 has evolved a dynamic RNP granule with successive weak-strong-moderate quinary NC-gRNA networks during the sequential processing of the GagNC domain. We also reveal two palindromic RNA-binding triads on NC, KxxFxxQ and QxxFxxK, that provide quinary NC-gRNA interactions. Consequently, the nucleocapsid complex appears properly aggregated for capsid reassembly and reverse transcription, mandatory processes for viral infectivity. We show that PR is sequestered within this RNP and drives its maturation/condensation within minutes, this process being most effective at the end of budding. We anticipate such findings will stimulate further investigations of quinary interactions and emergent mechanisms in crowded environments throughout the wide and growing array of RNP granules.

Study of the Reaction of Hydroxylamine with Iridium Atomic and Cluster Anions (n = 1-5).

Elucidating the multifaceted processes of molecular activation and subsequent reactions gives a fundamental view into the development of iridium catalysts as they apply to fuels and propellants, for example, for spacecraft thrusters. Hydroxylamine, a component of the well-known hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) ionic liquid, is a safer alternative and mimics the chemistry and performance standards of hydrazine. The activation of hydroxylamine by anionic iridium clusters, Irn- (n = 1-5), depicts a part of the mechanism, where two hydrogen atoms are removed, likely as H2, and Irn(NOH)- clusters remain. The significant photoelectron spectral differences between these products and the bare clusters illustrate the substantial electronic changes imposed by the hydroxylamine fragment on the iridium clusters. In combination with DFT calculations, a preliminary reaction mechanism is proposed, identifying the possible intermediate steps leading to the formation of Ir(NOH)-.

Modelo predictivo de los niveles de estrés y recuperación en nadadores de competición / Predictive model of stress levels and recovery in competitive swimmers

El presente estudio examinó los niveles de resiliencia, el optimismo disposicional y las estrategias de afrontamiento como predictores de los niveles de estrés-recuperación y aspectos correlaciónales asociados. 91 nadadores, con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 29 años (M = 15.73; DT = 2.62), participaron en el estudio cumplimentando la siguiente batería de cuestionarios: la Escala de Resiliencia (RS), la Escala de Orientación hacia la vida-Revisado (LOT-R), el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento en Competición Deportiva (ISCCS) y el Cuestionario de Estrés-Recuperación para Deportistas (RESTQ-Sport). El objetivo principal del estudio fue realizar un modelo predictivo del estrés y de la recuperación en una muestra de nadadores de competición. El modelo de regresión ajustado reveló asociación positiva entre la resiliencia y el optimismo disposicional con la utilización de estrategias orientadas a la tarea. Elevados niveles de resiliencia y optimismo se relacionaron con menores niveles de estrés y mayores de recuperación, siendo el modelo invariante al sexo. Nuestros hallazgos reflejan que la resiliencia, el optimismo disposicional y las estrategias de afrontamiento son características psicológicas que influyen en el estado de forma del deportista.(AU)

Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to prevent the expansion of the disease. Spain was one of the countries with the strictest conditions, as outdoor physical activity was banned for nearly two months. This study aimed to analyse the changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Spanish university students before and during the confinement by COVID-19 with special focus on gender. We also analysed enjoyment, the tools used and motivation and impediments for doing physical activity. An online questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and certain "ad hoc" questions, was designed. Students were recruited by distributing an invitation through the administrative channels of 16 universities and a total of 13,754 valid surveys were collected. Overall, university students reduced moderate (-29.5%) and vigorous (-18.3%) physical activity during the confinement and increased sedentary time (+52.7%). However, they spent more time on high intensity interval training (HIIT) (+18.2%) and mind-body activities (e.g., yoga) (+80.0%). Adaptation to the confinement, in terms of physical activity, was handled better by women than by men. These results will help design strategies for each gender to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour during confinement periods.

Influence of a Physical Exercise Program in the Anxiety and Depression in Children with Obesity.

(1) Background: The high prevalence of childhood obesity and its multicausal etiology make it necessary to approach it through different strategies, whose objective is to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Regular physical activity, in addition to having positive effects on the physical environment of those who practice it, influences positively in psychological aspects such as anxiety and depression, which are very frequent in children with obesity and overweight. (2) Objective: To analyze the changes produced by a program of physical exercise based on anthropometric indicators and levels of anxiety and depression in a population of Mexican children with obesity. (3) Methods: A longitudinal study with experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The analysis population consisted of 105 children with a body mass index (BMI) for their gender and age group above the 95th percentile, of which 60 were girls and 45 were boys, with a mean age of 10.02 years (SD ± 0.79). By randomizing the participants, 54 were part of the EG and 51 of the, CG The EG participated in a physical exercise program, distributed in two weekly sessions, each lasting 50 minutes, for 20 consecutive weeks. The CG group continued its usual activities during the intervention period. An inferential analysis was performed between the socio-demographic, anthropometric and psychological variables. (4) Results: The implementation of a physical exercise program in children with obesity favors the appearance of positive thoughts, with improvements in their emotional well-being, self-perception and self-concept; although it does not produce significant changes in weight, height, Z-Score, level of anxiety or depressive thoughts. (5) Discussion: Regular physical exercise practice has positive effects on mental health, although new studies are required to analyze specifically its influence on anxiety and depression in children with obesity.

Intramolecular electron-induced proton transfer and its correlation with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer.

Electron-induced proton transfer depicts the proton motion coupled with the attachment of a low-energy electron to a molecule, which helps to understand copious fundamental chemical processes. Intramolecular electron-induced proton transfer is a similar process that occurs within a single molecule. To date, there is only one known intramolecular example, to the best of our knowledge. By studying the 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline and 8-hydroxyquinoline molecules using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory, and by theoretical screening of six other molecules, here we show the intramolecular electron-induced proton transfer capability of a long list of molecules that meanwhile have the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer property. Careful examination of the intrinsic electronic signatures of these molecules reveals that these two distinct processes should occur to the same category of molecules. Intramolecular electron-induced proton transfer could have potential applications such as molecular devices that are responsive to electrons or current.

Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP): A Spanish Version.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Voice Activity and Participation Profile (SVAPP) questionnaire. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, cross-sectional sampling strategy with controls was used. METHODS: Two samples with a total of 169 participants were analyzed, specifically 61 men (mean age 37.02) and 108 women (mean age 37.78). Of these participants, 112 were patients and 57 were controls. The instrument was submitted to reliability (internal consistency and corrected item-total correlations) and reproducibility analyses. Validation assessment was based on the construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity. RESULTS: The global internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.976), corrected item-total correlations were satisfactory and ranged 0.63-0.89, and factor loadings were above 0.50. The different subscales showed good internal consistency (alpha coefficients ranged 0.830-0.956) and test-retest values were consistently associated. The exploratory factor analysis evidenced a strongly defined five factors internal structure, with factors loadings ranging 0.51-0.86. Convergent validity demonstrated that all subscales and scores were very strongly correlated (Pearson r above 0.735) and significantly associated. The discriminant validity analysis showed that SVAPP had good specificity to distinguish dysphonic from healthy voice subjects. Concurrent validity with Voice Handicap Index Spanish version (SVHI) showed very strong correlations between total scores, and between SVHI total score and SVAPP Daily and Social Communication subscales; correlations between both tests subscales were strong; only between SVAPP Work and SVHI Physical sections correlations were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study demonstrated evidence for the SVAPP questionnaire reliability and validity, and provided insightful implications of voice disorders on Spanish patients' quality of life. However, further investigations are required.

Creating a Culture of Health in Planning and Implementing Innovative Strategies Addressing Non-communicable Chronic Diseases.

Ongoing demographic changes are challenging health systems worldwide especially in relation to increasing longevity and the resultant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). To meet these challenges, a paradigm shift to a more proactive approach to health promotion, and maintenance is needed. This new paradigm focuses on creating and implementing an ecological model of Culture of Health. The conceptualization of the Culture of Health is defined as one where good health and well-being flourish across geographic, demographic, and social sectors; fostering healthy equitable communities where citizens have the opportunity to make choices and be co-producers of healthy lifestyles. Based on Antonovsky's Salutogenesis model which asserts that the experience of health moves along a continuum across the lifespan, we will identify the key drivers for achieving a Culture of Health. These include mindset/expectations, sense of community, and civic engagement. The present article discusses these drivers and identifies areas where policy and research actions are needed to advance positive change on population health and well-being. We highlight empirical evidence of drivers within the EU guided by the activities within the thematic Action Groups of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging (EIP on AHA), focusing on Lifespan Health Promotion and Prevention of Age-Related Frailty and Disease (A3 Action Group). We will specifically focus on the effect of Culture on Health, highlighting cross-cutting drivers across domains such as innovations at the individual and community level, and in synergies with business, policy, and research entities. We will present examples of drivers for creating a Culture of Health, the barriers, the remaining gaps, and areas of future research to achieve an inclusive and sustainable asset-based community.

Exercise Addiction in Practitioners of Endurance Sports: A Literature Review.

Practice of endurance sports/activities has gained most devotees over recent decades, thanks to its capacity to maintain and improve health. However, their characteristics and accessibility have facilitated the emergence of addictive behaviors. Excessive practicing can lead to adverse physical and psychological effects seriously prejudicial to health, to the extent that individuals are unable to control this behavior. Recognizing that exercise addiction is still a controversial concept, the aim of the present review is to analyze the state of research into addictive exercise behaviors, specifically centering on running and endurance sports. To this end, a search covering article written in English and dated from 2010 onward was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCOhost databases. Of a total of 2,675 articles in the four databases, 25 were eligible for the final review. The studies reviewed confirmed that excessive practice could encourage the appearance of addictive behaviors and health problems. Most research has reported no age or sex differences in exercise dependence among endurance sport practitioners; however, obsessive passion and dedication to sports activities may be predictors for addiction to exercise. Owing to terminological confusion and the variety of tools used to measure addiction, figures for prevalence differ widely among studies, with values quoted ranging from 3 to 42%. Furthermore, it is clear that there are problems in delimiting, defining and diagnosing this sort of behavior, which has led to addiction to exercise not yet being considered a behavioral disorder.

Identification of gender discrimination in sports: Training of agents of change

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Relationship Between Resilience and Coping Strategies in Competitive Sport.

Resilience is important in sport performers to withstand the pressure they experience. This study analyzed the relationship among resilient qualities and coping strategies in 235 Spanish athletes (126 males, 109 females; M age = 20.7 yr) who practiced different sports (79.1% team sports, 20.9% individual sports). They were evaluated at the beginning of the last competitive mesocycle and after an important competition. Coping strategies and level of resilient qualities were measured by the Coping Inventory for Competitive Sport and the Resilience Scale. There was no significant difference in resilience scores between evaluations performed during the last mesocycle or competition. A significant increase occurred in the scores for emotion-oriented and distraction-oriented coping during competition. Resilience scores correlated positively to task-oriented coping and negatively to disengagement- and distraction-oriented coping during both periods. Analysis of variance indicated that athletes with high individual resilient qualities reached higher scores in task-oriented coping, using to a lower extent disengagement- and distraction-oriented coping. Results obtained suggest that resilient characteristics may associate in athletes to the use of more potentially adaptative coping strategies.

Physical activity, exercise and sport practice to fight against youth and childhood obesity / Actividad física, ejercicio y deporte en la lucha contra la obesidad infantil y juvenil

The aim of this document (written by professionals in physical activity and health EXERNET - Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud-) is to propose a list of recommendations about the practice of the physical and sport activity that in an individual, familiar and institutional level, help to prevent and manage the obesity in childs and teenagers.

El propósito del presente documento es proponer desde el grupo de expertos en ejercicio físico y salud de EXERNET (Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud) una serie de recomendaciones sobre la práctica de la actividad física y deportiva que a nivel individual, familiar e institucional ayuden a prevenir y tratar la obesidad infantil y juvenil, basadas en la evidencia científica actual.

Hospitalización relacionada con defectos congénitos en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell / Hospitalization related to birth defects at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center

Introducción: las anomalías congénitas representan una de las principales causas de mortalidad infantil en Uruguay. Son responsables de hasta 25% de las internaciones en centros de alta complejidad. Objetivo: aportar al conocimiento de la carga de enfermedad por anomalías congénitos. La frecuencia de hospitalizaciones, sus características clínicas y tipos de defectos congénitos, motivos de hospitalización, duración de estadía hospitalaria, niveles y tipos de cuidados requeridos. Método: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, se incluyeron todos los menores de 15 años portadores de defectos congénitos hospitalizados en áreas de cuidados moderados del Hospital de Niños del CHPR en un período de 6 meses independientemente del motivo de ingreso. Se excluyeron los servicios de neonatología y los pisos quirúrgicos. Resultados: del total de niños ingresados, 5,1% presentaban defectos congénitos. El diagnóstico fue prenatal en 13,6%. El defecto fue único en 75%. El ingreso fue por patología vinculada con el defecto congénito en el 80%. La media de estadía hospitalaria de estos niños fue 9,5 días, superior a la media de la estadía hospitalaria general de 4,6 días (p<0,05). El 5,2% de los niños requirieron ingreso a unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI). Conclusiones: es la primera descripción de frecuencia y características de la hospitalización relacionada con defectos congénitos en el área de cuidados moderados del Hospital de Niños del CHPR. A pesar del sesgo de inclusión, los hallazgos demuestran la demanda asistencial especializada y elevada morbilidad de estos niños. Futuras investigaciones son necesarias para analizar factores de riesgo relacionados con este problema de salud.

Introduction: congenital anomalies represent one of the main causes of child mortality in Uruguay. Up to 25% of hospitalizations in high-complexity centers are due to pathologies related with congenital defects. Objective: to contribute to the knowledge of disease burden due to congenital anomalies. The frequency of hospitalizations, their clinical characteristics, and the types of congenital defects, the reasons for hospitalization, the duration of hospital stay, and the levels and types of caring required are explored. Method: descriptive, prospective study, in which all patients under 15 years of age, carriers of congenital defects, hospitalized in intermediate care areas of the CHPR Children’s Hospital for a period of 6 months, were included, regardless of the reason for admission. Neonatology services and surgical wards were excluded. Results: out of the total of admitted children, 5.1% presented congenital defects. Diagnosis was prenatal in 13.6%. The defect was single in 75%. The reasons for admission were pathologies related to the congenital defects in 80%. The average hospital stay of these children was 9.5 days, higher than the general average hospital stay which was 4.6 days (p<0.05). 15.2% of the children required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusions: it is the first description of the frequency and characteristics of hospitalization related to congenital defects in the intermediate care area of the CHPR Children’s Hospital. In spite of the inclusion bias, findings show the specialized caring demand and the high morbidity of these children. Future research is needed to analyze the risk factors related to this health issue.

[Exercise addiction: an emergent behavioral disorder]. / LA ADICCIÓN AL EJERCICIO: UN TRASTORNO EMERGENTE DE LA CONDUCTA.

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity plays a relevant role in health maintenance and disease prevention. However, excess exercise may generate adverse effects both on physical and mental activity. AIMS: To provide a state-of-the-art overview on exercise addiction, considering its concept, symptoms, diagnosis, epidemiological aspects, etiological factors, and potential interventions. METHODS: Articles related to the topic were reviewed through Pubmed, Sportdiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using combinations of the following keywords: "exercise", "addiction" and "dependence". RESULTS: Regular exercise taken into excess may result in adverse health consequences and quality of life impairment. Diagnosis of exercise addiction requires the employment of questionnaires such as the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS) and the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI). These instruments have allowed the estimation of a 3% prevalence among exercise practitioners. Proposed hypotheses to explain the etiology of this disorder include both physiological and psychological mechanisms. Treatment is based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, but effectiveness needs to be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Although different hypotheses have been proposed to explain exercise dependence, integrative models are still necessary. A clinical validation of diagnostic instruments and a deepening into the relationship with behavioral eating disorders are also required.

Introducción: la actividad física regular juega un papel relevante en el mantenimiento de la salud y en la prevención de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, el ejercicio en exceso puede generar efectos adversos tanto sobre la salud física como mental. Objetivos: sintetizar el estado actual de los conocimientos sobre la adicción al ejercicio, considerando su definición, síntomatología, diagnóstico, aspectos epidemiológicos, factores etiológicos y posibilidades de intervención. Método: se revisaron artículos relacionados con el tema en las bases de datos Pubmed, Sportdiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando combinaciones de las siguientes palabras clave: "ejercicio", "adicción" y "dependencia". Resultados: el ejercicio regular practicado en exceso puede generar comportamientos adictivos con consecuencias adversas sobre la salud y pérdida de la calidad de vida. El diagnóstico de la adicción al ejercicio se apoya en la utilización de cuestionarios, siendo los más empleados la Escala de Dependencia del Ejercicio (EDS) y el Inventario de Adicción al Ejercicio (EAI). Mediante dichos instrumentos se ha estimado una prevalencia entre quienes practican habitualmente ejercicio en torno a un 3%. Las distintas hipótesis propuestas para explicar la etiología de este trastorno incluyen mecanismos tanto fisiológicos como psicológicos. El tratamiento se basa en aproximaciones cognitivo-conductuales, cuya eficacia requiere confirmación. Conclusiones: aunque existen distintas hipótesis para explicar la dependencia del ejercicio, aún son necesarios modelos integrativos. También se requiere una validación clínica de los instrumentos utilizados para el diagnóstico y la profundización en la relación con las alteraciones de la conducta alimentaria.

La adicción al ejercicio: un trastorno emergente de la conducta / Exercise addiction: an emergent behavioral disorder

Introducción: la actividad física regular juega un papel relevante en el mantenimiento de la salud y en la prevención de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, el ejercicio en exceso puede generar efectos adversos tanto sobre la salud física como mental. Objetivos: sintetizar el estado actual de los conocimientos sobre la adicción al ejercicio, considerando su definición, síntomatología, diagnóstico, aspectos epidemiológicos, factores etiológicos y posibilidades de intervención. Método: se revisaron artículos relacionados con el tema en las bases de datos Pubmed, Sportdiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando combinaciones de las siguientes palabras clave: 'ejercicio', 'adicción' y 'dependencia'. Resultados: el ejercicio regular practicado en exceso puede generar comportamientos adictivos con consecuencias adversas sobre la salud y pérdida de la calidad de vida. El diagnóstico de la adicción al ejercicio se apoya en la utilización de cuestionarios, siendo los más empleados la Escala de Dependencia del Ejercicio (EDS) y el Inventario de Adicción al Ejercicio (EAI). Mediante dichos instrumentos se ha estimado una prevalencia entre quienes practican habitualmente ejercicio en torno a un 3%. Las distintas hipótesis propuestas para explicar la etiología de este trastorno incluyen mecanismos tanto fisiológicos como psicológicos. El tratamiento se basa en aproximaciones cognitivo-conductuales, cuya eficacia requiere confirmación. Conclusiones: aunque existen distintas hipótesis para explicar la dependencia del ejercicio, aún son necesarios modelos integrativos. También se requiere una validación clínica de los instrumentos utilizados para el diagnóstico y la profundización en la relación con las alteraciones de la conducta alimentaria (AU)

Background: regular physical activity plays a relevant role in health maintenance and disease prevention. However, excess exercise may generate adverse effects both on physical and mental activity. Aims: to provide a state-of-the-art overview on exercise addiction, considering its concept, symptoms, diagnosis, epidemiological aspects, etiological factors, and potential interventions. Methods: articles related to the topic were reviewed through Pubmed, Sportdiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using combinations of the following keywords: 'exercise', 'addiction' and 'dependence'. Results: regular exercise taken into excess may result in adverse health consequences and quality of life impairment. Diagnosis of exercise addiction requires the employment of questionnaires such as the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS) and the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI). These instruments have allowed the estimation of a 3% prevalence among exercise practitioners. Proposed hypotheses to explain the etiology of this disorder include both physiological and psychological mechanisms. Treatment is based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, but effectiveness needs to be evaluated. Conclusions: although different hypotheses have been proposed to explain exercise dependence, integrative models are still necessary. A clinical validation of diagnostic instruments and a deepening into the relationship with behavioral eating disorders are also required (AU)

Calidad de vida y sus factores determinantes en universitarios españoles de Ciencias de la Salud / Quality of life and its determiants in Spanish Universtiy students of health sciencies factors

Introducción: La calidad de vida en la población universitaria adquiere una especial importancia ya que permite obtener información sobre las condiciones de vida de los universitarios y, sobre todo, de cómo éstos las perciben. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de los universitarios que cursan estudios en ciencias de la salud y su relación con diferentes factores tales como: hábitos de vida, parámetros antropométricos y la influencia de las distintas variables sobre su percepción. Material y Método: Estudio transversal de una muestrade 1.753 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de nueve universidades españolas con diseño muestral aleatorio y estatrificado según curso y facultad al que se le aplicóun cuestionaro ad hoc que recogía todas las variables aestudio. Resultados: La calidad de vida percibida por los participantes fue Me = 75. Los factores explorados de la calidad de vida se co-relacionaron significativamente con la percepción global de calidad de vida de los estudiantes (p<0,001). Se establecieron 3 dimensiones y el impacto de cada una de ellas sobre la percepción de calidad de vida global fue p<0,001. Los varones percibieron mejor calidad de vida que las mujeres y también los estudiantes con menor Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Conclusión: Los universitarios son una población clave para realizar actividades de promoción y prevención de la salud por lo que resulta necesario crear mejores infraestucturas y recursos educativos para mejorar la CV y fomentar hábitos y estilos de vida saludable con especialatención en la alimentación y la realización de una adecuada actividad física (AU)

Introduction: The quality of life of university students acquires special importance because it provides information about their life conditions and especially how they perceive it. Objetive: Evaluate the quality of life of students who are enrolled in health science studies and its relation with the following diverse factors: life and dietetic habits, anthropometric parameters and the influence of distinct variables on their perception. Methods: Transversal study of a sample of 1753 health science degree students of nine Spanish universities with a randomized design and stratified by course and faculty for which we applied an ad hoc questionnaire that considered all study variables. Results: The quality of life (QoL) perceived by the participants had a Median of 75. The factors that were explored about the quality of life correlated significantly with their global perception of it (p<0.001). Three dimensions were established and the impact of each one of themon their global perception of QoL was p<0.001. Men perceived better QoL then women and the students with lower Body Mass Index (BMI). Conclusions: University students are a key population for realizing health promotion and prevention activities therefore it is necessary to develop and provide better infrastructures and educative resources in order to enhance their QoL and to promote healthier habits and life styles with special attention on dietetics habits and the performance of an adequate physical activity (AU)

[Physical activity and health habits in Argentinian undergraduates]. / Actividad física y hábitos de salud en estudiantes universitarios argentinos.

OBJECTIVE: Deterioration of healthy habits in young people, particularly undergraduates, justifies their study in these populations. The aim of the present research is to analyze physical activity levels of students from the Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (Argentina), trying to describe homogeneous groups by demographic characteristics, health habits and perceived wellbeing, and to identify the level of physical activity that best describes each of the groups. METHODOLOGY: Participants were 554 students (281 males and 273 females) of different careers which were applied the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and a survey related to health habits, perception of happiness and other demographic variables. Measures of central tendency and variability, and percentiles P25 and P75, were calculated for all variables. Segmentation was performed using hierarchical cluster analysis, after a previous factor analysis. RESULTS: 79.8% of students, and 97.2% of Physical Education students met the recommendations of physical activity. Students identified with a high physical activity level were those who attended in day shift, did not smoke, did not consume alcohol or drugs, did not work, had no children or stable partner, and with a medium socio-economic level. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested the need for a strong educational intervention by universities to promote healthy habits and regular performance of physical activity, as they have a primary social responsibility regarding these issues.

Objetivo: El deterioro de los hábitos saludables en los jóvenes, particularmente universitarios, justifica su investigación en dichas poblaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los niveles de actividad física en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (Argentina), intentando describir grupos homogéneos según características demográficas, de hábitos de salud y de percepción de bienestar, e identificando el nivel de actividad física que mejor describa a cada uno de los grupos. Metodología: Participaron 554 estudiantes (281 varones y 273 mujeres) de distintas carreras a los que se aplicó el Cuestionario Global de Actividad Física (GPAQ) y un instrumento sobre hábitos de salud, percepción de felicidad y diversas variables demográficas. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y variabilidad, así como los percentiles P25 y P75, para todas las variables. Se realizó una segmentación mediante análisis de clusters jerárquico, con un análisis de factores previo. Resultados: El 79,8% de los estudiantes, y el 97,2% de aquellos que cursaban Educación Física cumplían con las recomendaciones de realización de actividad física. Los alumnos que se identificaban con un nivel de actividad física alto eran los que cursaban en turno diurno, no consumían tabaco, alcohol ni drogas, no trabajaban, no tenían hijos ni pareja estable, y poseían un nivel socio- económico medio. Conclusiones: Se sugiere la necesidad de una sólida intervención educativa por parte de las universidades para fomentar hábitos saludables y la realización regular de actividad física, ya que tienen una responsabilidad social primaria respecto a estas problemáticas.

La resiliencia en el deporte: fundamentos teóricos, instrumentos de evaluación y revisión de la literatura / Resilience in sport: Theoretical foundations, instruments and literature review / Resiliência no esporte: Fundamentos teóricos, instrumentos e revisão da literatura

El constructo de resiliencia, definido como la capacidad de hacer frente y adaptarse, de manera positiva, a las situaciones altamente estresantes, ha sido estudiado desde hace más de 60 años, sin embargo, parece que solo en estas últimas dos décadas ha suscitado un justificado y especial interés por parte de la Psicología del Deporte y del Ejercicio. Es por esto que, cada vez más, crece la demanda por artículos que sean capaces de compilar toda esta novedosa información. Nuestra investigación, por tanto, persigue el objetivo general de revisar los avances entorno a la resiliencia en el contexto deportivo, tratando de ofrecer una visión integradora, actualizada y sintética de la conceptualización del término y de los resultados delas investigaciones realizadas hasta el momento. De manera más específica, también se muestran los instrumentos de evaluación más referenciados y las posibles líneas de investigación a seguir entorno al constructo. Como conclusión, esta revisión subraya los descubrimientos más interesantes sobre la resiliencia y otros factores psicológicos y/o de rendimiento, facilitando la elaboración de estrategias de intervención para la optimización del resultado deportivo y aporta una visión holística del constructo y de sus perspectivas de investigación futuras (AU)

The construct of resilience, defined as the capacity to cope and adapt, in a positive way, to highly stressful situations has been studied for more than 60 years ago. However, it seems that only in the last two decades Psychology of Sport and Exercise has led a justified and special interest on it. That is why the demand for these researches that are able to compile all this new information are growing. Therefore, our paper pursues the general aim of reviewing advances in sport context resilience, trying to offer an integrated, current and synthetic vision of conceptualization and results of researches developed. More specifically, the most referenced assessment instruments and future investigations are also shown. In conclusion, this review highlights the most interesting findings on resilience and its relationship with other psychological and/or performance factors, in order to facilitate the development of intervention strategies to optimize sport performance and provides a holistic view of the construct and its future research outlooks (AU)

O construto de resiliência, definida como a capacidade de enfrentar e adaptar-se de forma positiva as situações altamente estressantes, vem sendo estudada a mais de 60 anos, entretanto, parece que somente nas duas últimas décadas obteve um especial interesse por parte da Psicologia do Esporte y do Exercício. Por conseguinte, aumenta cada vez mais a demanda de artigos capazes de reunir estas novas informações. Portanto, nossa investigação busca o objetivo geral de revisar os avanços realizados em torno àresiliência no contexto esportivo, procurando oferecer uma visão integrada,atualizada e sintetizada dos conceitos da terminologia e dos resultados de investigações realizadas até a atualidade. De forma mais específica, também se mostram os instrumentos de avaliação mais reverenciados e as possíveis linhas de investigação a este respeito. Em conclusão, esta revisão ressalta os resultados mais relevantes sobre resiliência e outros fatores psicológicos e/ou de desempenho para facilitar a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção para aperfeiçoar o desempenho esportivo e aportar uma visão holística do construto e das suas perspectivas de investigações futuras (AU)

Actividad física y hábitos de salud en estudiantes universitarios argentinos / Physical activity and health habits in argentinian undergraduates

Objetivo: El deterioro de los hábitos saludables en los jóvenes, particularmente universitarios, justifica su investigación en dichas poblaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los niveles de actividad física en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (Argentina), intentando describir grupos homogéneos según características demográficas, de hábitos de salud y de percepción de bienestar, e identificando el nivel de actividad física que mejor describa a cada uno de los grupos. Metodología: Participaron 554 estudiantes (281 varones y 273 mujeres) de distintas carreras a los que se aplicó el Cuestionario Global de Actividad Física (GPAQ) y un instrumento sobre hábitos de salud, percepción de felicidad y diversas variables demográficas. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y variabilidad, así como los percentiles P25 y P75, para todas las variables. Se realizó una segmentación mediante análisis de clusters jerárquico, con un análisis de factores previo. Resultados: El 79,8% de los estudiantes, y el 97,2% de aquellos que cursaban Educación Física cumplían con las recomendaciones de realización de actividad física. Los alumnos que se identificaban con un nivel de actividad física alto eran los que cursaban en turno diurno, no consumían tabaco, alcohol ni drogas, no trabajaban, no tenían hijos ni pareja estable, y poseían un nivel socio-económico medio. Conclusiones: Se sugiere la necesidad de una sólida intervención educativa por parte de las universidades para fomentar hábitos saludables y la realización regular de actividad física, ya que tienen una responsabilidad social primaria respecto a estas problemáticas (AU)

Objective: Deterioration of healthy habits in young people, particularly undergraduates, justifies their study in these populations. The aim of the present research is to analyze physical activity levels of students from the Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (Argentina), trying to describe homogeneous groups by demographic characteristics, health habits and perceived wellbeing, and to identify the level of physical activity that best describes each of the groups. Methodology: Participants were 554 students (281 males and 273 females) of different careers which were applied the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and a survey related to health habits, perception of happiness and other demographic variables. Measures of central tendency and variability, and percentiles P25 and P75, were calculated for all variables. Segmentation was performed using hierarchical cluster analysis, after a previous factor analysis. Results: 79.8% of students, and 97.2% of Physical Education students met the recommendations of physical activity. Students identified with a high physical activity level were those who attended in day shift, did not smoke, did not consume alcohol or drugs, did not work, had no children or stable partner, and with a medium socio-economic level. Conclusions: It is suggested the need for a strong educational intervention by universities to promote healthy habits and regular performance of physical activity, as they have a primary social responsibility regarding these issues (AU)