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1.
Biomedica ; 41(1): 161-167, 2021 03 19.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33761199

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: It is essential to determine the interactions between viruses and mosquitoes to diminish dengue viral transmission. These interactions constitute a very complex system of highly regulated pathways known as the innate immune system of the mosquito, which produces antimicrobial peptides that act as effector molecules against bacterial and fungal infections. There is less information about such effects on virus infections. OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of two antimicrobial peptide genes, defensin A and cecropin A, in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with DENV-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the F1 generation of mosquitoes orally infected with DENV-1 and real-time PCR analysis to determine whether the defensin A and cecropin A genes played a role in controlling DENV-1 replication in Ae. aegypti. As a reference, we conducted similar experiments with the bacteria Escherichia coli. RESULTS: Basal levels of defensin A and cecropin A mRNA were expressed in uninfected mosquitoes at different times post-blood feeding. The infected mosquitoes experienced reduced expression of these mRNA by at least eightfold when compared to uninfected control mosquitoes at all times post-infection. In contrast with the behavior of DENV-1, results showed that bacterial infection produced up-regulation of defensin and cecropin genes; however, the induction of transcripts occurred at later times (15 days). CONCLUSION: DENV-1 virus inhibited the expression of defensin A and cecropin A genes in a wild Ae. aegypti population from Venezuela.


Introducción. Es esencial determinar las interacciones entre los virus y los mosquitos para disminuir la transmisión viral. Estas interacciones constituyen un sistema muy complejo y muy regulado conocido como sistema inmunitario innato del mosquito, el cual produce péptidos antimicrobianos, moléculas efectoras que funcionan contra las infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas; se tiene poca información de su acción sobre los virus. Objetivo. Determinar la expresión de dos genes AMP (defensina A y cecropina A) en mosquitos Aedes aegypti infectados con el virus DENV-1. Materiales y métodos. Se infectaron oralmente mosquitos de generación F1 con DENV-1 y mediante el análisis con PCR en tiempo real se determinó el potencial papel de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en el control de la replicación del DENV-1 en Ae. aegypti. Como referencia, se infectaron mosquitos con Escherichia coli. Resultados: Los mosquitos no infectados expresaron niveles basales de los ARNm de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en diversos momentos después de la alimentación. Los mosquitos infectados experimentaron una reducción, por lo menos, de ocho veces en la expresión de estos ARNm con respecto a los mosquitos de control en todo el periodo posterior a la alimentación. En contraste con el comportamiento del virus DENV-1, los resultados mostraron que la infección bacteriana produjo una regulación positiva de los genes defensina y cecropina; sin embargo, la inducción de los transcritos ocurrió tardíamente (15 días). Conclusión. El virus DENV-1 inhibió la expresión de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en una población silvestre de Ae. aegypti en Venezuela.


Assuntos
Aedes/metabolismo , Aedes/virologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/biossíntese , Defensinas/biossíntese , Vírus da Dengue/fisiologia , Animais
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 41(1): 161-167, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249068

RESUMO

Abstract | Introduction: It is essential to determine the interactions between viruses and mosquitoes to diminish dengue viral transmission. These interactions constitute a very complex system of highly regulated pathways known as the innate immune system of the mosquito, which produces antimicrobial peptides that act as effector molecules against bacterial and fungal infections. There is less information about such effects on virus infections. Objective: To determine the expression of two antimicrobial peptide genes, defensin A and cecropin A, in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with DENV-1. Materials and methods: We used the F1 generation of mosquitoes orally infected with DENV-1 and real-time PCR analysis to determine whether the defensin A and cecropin A genes played a role in controlling DENV-1 replication in Ae. aegypti. As a reference, we conducted similar experiments with the bacteria Escherichia coli. Results: Basal levels of defensin A and cecropin A mRNA were expressed in uninfected mosquitoes at different times post-blood feeding. The infected mosquitoes experienced reduced expression of these mRNA by at least eightfold when compared to uninfected control mosquitoes at all times post-infection. In contrast with the behavior of DENV-1, results showed that bacterial infection produced up-regulation of defensin and cecropin genes; however, the induction of transcripts occurred at later times (15 days). Conclusion: DENV-1 virus inhibited the expression of defensin A and cecropin A genes in a wild Ae. aegypti population from Venezuela.


Resumen | Introducción. Es esencial determinar las interacciones entre los virus y los mosquitos para disminuir la transmisión viral. Estas interacciones constituyen un sistema muy complejo y muy regulado conocido como sistema inmunitario innato del mosquito, el cual produce péptidos antimicrobianos, moléculas efectoras que funcionan contra las infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas; se tiene poca información de su acción sobre los virus. Objetivo. Determinar la expresión de dos genes AMP (defensina A y cecropina A) en mosquitos Aedes aegypti infectados con el virus DENV-1. Materiales y métodos. Se infectaron oralmente mosquitos de generación F1 con DENV-1 y mediante el análisis con PCR en tiempo real se determinó el potencial papel de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en el control de la replicación del DENV-1 en Ae. aegypti. Como referencia, se infectaron mosquitos con Escherichia coli. Resultados: Los mosquitos no infectados expresaron niveles basales de los ARNm de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en diversos momentos después de la alimentación. Los mosquitos infectados experimentaron una reducción, por lo menos, de ocho veces en la expresión de estos ARNm con respecto a los mosquitos de control en todo el periodo posterior a la alimentación. En contraste con el comportamiento del virus DENV-1, los resultados mostraron que la infección bacteriana produjo una regulación positiva de los genes defensina y cecropina; sin embargo, la inducción de los transcritos ocurrió tardíamente (15 días). Conclusión. El virus DENV-1 inhibió la expresión de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en una población silvestre de Ae. aegypti en Venezuela.


Assuntos
Aedes , Vírus da Dengue , alfa-Defensinas , Escherichia coli , Cecropinas
3.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 55(2): 165-172, dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-783059

RESUMO

En Venezuela, existen poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) de diferente origen geográfico y estructura genética que difieren en la competencia vectorial para el virus dengue. Debido a que, recientemente, se reportó la presencia de Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus), es importante también conocer la competencia vectorial de esta especie para prever el riesgo epidemiológico el cual conlleva a su propagación. Se determinó la persistencia en la competencia vectorial de Ae. albopictus de Maracay, Venezuela a una cepa asiática dengue 2. Las especies de mosquitos Ae. albopictus y Ae. aegypti fueron alimentadas con una suspensión sangre-virus dengue 2 y luego de 20 días post-exposición viral se determinó la presencia del virus por el ensayo de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en las diferentes partes de los insectos: abdomen (infección), patas/alas (diseminación) y cabeza (transmisión). Los resultados muestran que la cepa Ae. aegypti es más susceptible a la infección del abdomen (60 %) que la cepa de Ae. albopictus (37,5%); sin embargo, sólo en Ae. albopictus se encontró el virus presente en las patas/alas (100%) y cabezas (33%). La cepa de Ae. albopictus estudiada podría ser más competente para la transmisión del virus dengue asiático que la de Ae. aegypti. Este hallazgo es de gran importancia epidemiológica, ya que se demuestra que este vector aún no estando en su continente de origen, puede seguir siendo un vector eficiente y con el tiempo adecuarse a las cepas virales propias.


In Venezuela, there are populations of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) with different geographic origins and genetic structure that differ in vector competence for dengue virus. Since recently, the presence of Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) was reported, it is also important to know the vector competence of this species to predict the epidemiological risk which would bring its spread. The objective was to determine the vector competence persistance of Ae. albopictus from Maracay, Venezuela for an Asian dengue-2 strain. The two species of mosquitoes were fed with a blood-dengue 2 virus suspension and after 20 days post-exposure to virus, the presence of the virus was determined by the polymerase chain reaction assay in different parts of the insect: abdomen (infection), legs/wings (spread) and head (transmission).The results show that the strain Ae. aegypti is more susceptible to infection in the abdomen (60 %) that the strain of Ae. albopictus (37.5%); however, only in Ae. albopictus this virus was found in the legs /wings (100%) and heads (33%). The studied strain of Ae. albopictus may be more competent vector in the transmission of the dengue 2 virus than Ae. aegypti. This finding is of great epidemiological importance as this shows that even this mosquito not being in its continent of origin, it can still be an efficient vector and eventually become adapted to the native viral strains.

4.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1779(3): 175-82, 2008 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18211834

RESUMO

ATP hydrolysis is important for different stages of the protein synthesis process. A novel effect of this nucleotide was detected using mRNAs isolated from S. cerevisiae after phenol extraction of polysomes. When polysomal mRNA (pmRNA) or poly(A)(+) RNA were preincubated with ATP (approximately 3 mM, near physiological concentration), their translational activity in a cell-free system from yeast was stimulated 2-3 fold. This increased translational activity is specific for the poly(A)(+) RNA fraction, correlates with facilitated assembly of 80S initiation complexes, and is associated to increased synthesis of high molecular weight polypeptides. TCA precipitation assays of RNA incubated with [(14)C]ATP suggested an association of the nucleotide with the nucleic acid. The amount of [(14)C]ATP co-precipitated was dependent on magnesium (optimum at 5-6 mM), was partially inhibited by monovalent ions, and was maximal with poli(A)(+) RNA. Existence of RNA-associated kinases or ATPases appear unlikely since neither phosphorylation nor nucleotide hydrolysis were observed during preincubation of pmRNA with ATP. Another evidence of ATP-RNA interaction was an increased absorbance at 260 nm after incubation suggesting unwinding of the RNA secondary structure. Therefore, preincubation with ATP may affect the conformation of mRNAs and thereby facilitate the initiation of protein synthesis. This event could be part of an in vivo energy-dependent mechanism for translational control.


Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/fisiologia , Iniciação Traducional da Cadeia Peptídica , Biossíntese de Proteínas , RNA Mensageiro/fisiologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Poli A/metabolismo
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