Comparative study between 1.5 and 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI systems using the PIRADS version 2 classification in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Introduction: The 3-Tesla multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) system represents a diagnostic advance for prostate cancer. Our aim is to demonstrate that the results in 1.5-Tesla mpMRI are not inferior compared to the 3-Tesla for the correct diagnosis of prostate cancer. Material and methods: Non-inferiority comparative cross-sectional study between fusion-guided prostate biopsy results. 344 patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (elevated PSA and/or suspicious DRE) and mpMRI interpreted and verified by the same radiologists in all cases, 270 in 1.5-Tesla and 74 in 3-Tesla, with at least one lesion PIRADSv2≥ 3. Exclusion criteria were positive biopsy or previous prostate treatment. We consider malignancy as ISUP≥ 1 and significant tumor as ISUP≥ 2. We used Wilcoxon and t-student test (central tendency measures), diagnostic test (gold standard: ISUP of targeted biopsy), Chi2 test and Z-test (comparison of prevalences and 95%CI malignancy and significant tumor according to mpMRI). Results: Median prostate volume 50cc(IQR:33.5) and PSA 6.11ng/ml(IQR:3.39). Mean age 67.4±8.1years. Number of suspi-cious lesions/patient: mpMRI 1.3 (1.5-Tesla) and 1.5 (3-Tesla). No differences were found between mpMRI (homogeneous and comparable samples). 57% (1.5-Tesla) vs 66% (3-Tesla) of targeted biopsies were malignant, and 34%vs38% were significant tumor, with no significant differences. Se, Sp, PPV and NPV for malignancy (1.5-Tesla vs 3-Tesla) were 96%vs90%, 38%vs44%, 67%vs76%, and 86%vs69%, with no significant differences. Conclusions: There are no significant differences between 1.5-Tesla vs 3-Tesla mpMRI regarding targeted biopsy results. Not to have 3-Tesla mpMRI may not be a limitation to use 1.5-Tesla as a diagnostic test for the better diagnosis of prostate cancer (AU)

Introducción: Los equipos de RM multiparamétrica(RMmp) 3-Tesla suponen un avance diagnóstico en cáncerde próstata. El objetivo es demostrar que los resultados enequipos de 1,5-Tesla no son inferiores a los equipos de 3-Tesla para el correcto diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata.Material y métodos: Estudio transversal comparativo de no inferioridad entre resultados de biopsia fusión.344 pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata (PSA elevado y/o tacto rectal sospechoso) y RMmp interpretada ycomprobada por los mismos radiólogos en todos los casos,270 con 1,5-Tesla y 74 con 3-Tesla, con al menos una imagen PIRADSv2≥ 3. Criterios de exclusión: biopsia positiva o tratamiento prostático previo. Consideramos malignidad como ISUP≥ 1 y tumor significativo como ISUP≥ 2.Comparamos medidas de tendencia central (test Wilcoxony t-student), prevalencias e IC95% (Chi2 y prueba-Z) y testde prueba diagnóstica (gold estándar: ISUP de biopsia dirigida) según RMmp empleado.Resultados: Medianas de volumen prostático50cc(IQR:33,5) y PSA 6,11ng/ml(IQR:3,39). La mediade edad fue 67,4±8,1años. El número de lesiones sospechosas/paciente fue 1,3 (1,5-Tesla) y 1,5 (3-Tesla). No encontramos diferencias entre RMmp (muestras homogéneasy comparables). 57%(1,5-Tesla) vs 66%(3-Tesla) biopsiasdirigidas presentaron malignidad, y 34%vs38% tumorsignificativo, sin diferencias significativas. Se, Sp, VPP yVPN para malignidad (1,5-Tesla vs 3-Tesla) de 96%vs90%,38%vs44%, 67%vs76%, y 86%vs69%, sin diferenciassignificativas.Conclusiones: No encontramos diferencias significativas entre RMmp de 1,5-Tesla y 3-Tesla respecto a los resultados de biopsia. No disponer de RMmp de 3-Tesla...(AU)

El cateterismo vesical intermitente en la insuficiencia contráctil del detrusor / The role of clean intermittent catheterization in the treatment for detrusor underactivity

OBJETIVOS: Estudiar la influencia del cateterismo vesical intermitente (CVI) sobre la función del tracto urinario inferior (TUI) en pacientes con retención urinaria (RU) por insuficiencia contráctil (IC) del detrusor. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal. Cuarenta y nueve pacientes (28 hombres/21 mujeres; edad media: 55 años) sometidos a CVI por RU por IC (frecuencia media 3,15 veces/día). El único criterio de inclusión fue la realización de CVI asociada a IC. Se realizó historia clínica y dos estudios urodinámicos con un intervalo de 4 años de media. Se compararon los datos urodinámicos pre y post CVI mediante test exacto de Fisher para variables dicotómicas y test de la t de Student para datos pareados (estudios antes y después del CVI) e independientes (comparación entre diferentes grupos) en el caso de las variables paramétricas. El nivel de significación se fijó en 5% bilateral. RESULTADOS: Se observó aumento significativo de la acomodación vesical, del índice de obstrucción (BOOI) y del índice de contractilidad vesical (BCI), sin alcanzar significación estadística. Respecto de los pacientes en los que su BCI mejoró después del CVI se observó un porcentaje significativamente mayor de pacientes con hiperplasia benigna de próstata (HBP) y detrusor acontráctil comparado con los pacientes en los que el BCI no mejoró después del CVI. El tiempo en que los pacientes estaban sometidos a CVI fue significativamente menor en el grupo de mejoría. CONCLUSIONES: El CVI mejoró la acomodación vesical en los pacientes de nuestra serie. El BCI mejoró en varones con HBP y en pacientes con detrusor acontráctil

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) on the lower urinary tract function in patients with urinary retention (UR) due to detrusor underactivity (DU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was carried out on 49 patients (28 men, 21 women) of mean age 55 years, who underwent CIC for UR secondary to DU. The mean CIC frequency was 3.15 times/day. Patients' clinical data were collected, and they underwent urodynamic study before and after CIC, with a mean interval of 4 years. Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of categorical variables and Student's t test for parametric variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for a two-tailed test. RESULTS: The second urodynamic study showed a significantly increased bladder compliance, the Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI) and the Bladder Contractility Index (BCI) also increased but without reaching statistical significance. There was a significantly higher percentage of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and acontractile detrusor cases among the group of patients whose BCI improved after CIC, with significantly lower CIC time. CONCLUSIONS: CIC improved bladder compliance in the patients of our series. The BCI improved in BPH patients and in patients with acontractile detrusor

The role of clean intermittent catheterization in the treatment for detrusor underactivity. / El cateterismo vesical intermitente en la insuficiencia contráctil del detrusor.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) on the lower urinary tract function in patients with urinary retention (UR) due to detrusor underactivity (DU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was carried out on 49 patients (28 men, 21 women) of mean age 55years, who underwent CIC for UR secondary to DU. The mean CIC frequency was 3.15 times/day. Patients' clinical data were collected, and they underwent urodynamic study before and after CIC, with a mean interval of 4years. Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of categorical variables and Student's t test for parametric variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for a two-tailed test. RESULTS: The second urodynamic study showed a significantly increased bladder compliance, the Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI) and the Bladder Contractility Index (BCI) also increased but without reaching statistical significance. There was a significantly higher percentage of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and acontractile detrusor cases among the group of patients whose BCI improved after CIC, with significantly lower CIC time. CONCLUSIONS: CIC improved bladder compliance in the patients of our series. The BCI improved in BPH patients and in patients with acontractile detrusor.

Enfermedad urológica y el tabaco. Una revisión para la concienciación del urólogo / Urological disease and tobacco. A review for raising the awareness of urologists

Contexto: El tabaquismo es la primera causa de muerte prevenible en nuestro entorno. Su relación con la enfermedad urológica está bien documentada. Objetivo: Mostrar una revisión actualizada sobre la relación entre enfermedad urológica y consumo del tabaco, y sobre la importancia de la implicación de los urólogos en la prevención del tabaquismo. Adquisición y síntesis de la evidencia: Se ha realizado una revisión de la bibliografía actual utilizando fundamentalmente la búsqueda en PubMed, y tomando como base principal el informe sobre las consecuencias de fumar en la salud realizado por The Surgeon General. Conclusión: Los urólogos desempeñan un papel fundamental para informar de la relación entre el tabaquismo y la enfermedad urológica. Es un deber de cada urólogo asumir un papel más activo en la educación de los pacientes para promover la abstinencia tabáquica

Context: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in our community. Its relationship with urological disease is well documented. Objective: To present an updated review on the relationship between urological disease and tobacco consumption and the importance of involving urologists in smoking prevention. Acquisition and synthesis of evidence: We conducted a review of current literature, primarily by searching PubMed and using as the main base the report on the consequences of smoking on health performed by the Surgeon General. Conclusion: Urologists play an essential role in informing patients of the relationship between smoking and urological disease. It is the duty of every urologist to play a more active role in educating patients and promoting smoking cessation

Other radiological lesions of the Lower Urinary Tract in patients after isolated pelvic radiotherapy and combined with surgery. / Otras lesiones radiológicas del tracto urinario inferior (TUI) en pacientes sometidos a radioterapia pélvica en monoterapia y combinada con cirugía.

INTRODUCTION: The cystographic study of patients who have undergone radiotherapy (RT) and pelvic surgeries is uncommon in the literature, not described in patients without complications, and mostly related to urinary fistulae. OBJECTIVE: The study of the lower urinary tract (LUT) by cystography in these patients, with a description of some other types of radiation lesions. METHODS: 127 cystographies have been performed (88 men and 39 women) in consecutive patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) (48 monotherapy and 79 cases combined with surgery), with a mean age of 69.6 years, and a mean time from radiation of 215 months (17 years). A General Electric X ray equipment has been used. We studied: behavior of the bladder neck at rest and during micturition, assessment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), bladder morphology (BM), urethral strictures (UE) and fistulas (F). RESULTS: We observed: Filling phase bladder neck incompetence (BNI) (37.8%), bladder smooth morphology (60.6%), coughing urinary incontinence (UI) (26.4%), basal cystocele (64.7%) and Valsalva cystocele (96.6%), a normal opening bladder neck (96,1%), reduction of the urethral diameter during voiding (41.3%), and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) (13.2%). Five cases of filling BNI, were all related to prostate cancer (PC) (one of them with colon cancer as well). There were six cases of fistulae (4.14%), five of them women. Forty two patients (28.96%) had reduced urethral lumen, thirty five of them affecting the posterior urethra (83%), five (11.9%) the anterior and, finally, two cases of mixed lesion (5%). 95% were patients with PC without concurrent interventions (67%). Significant differences were found regarding the gender and the background of pelvic surgery. The filling BNI (p=0.007), the irregular bladder morphology (p=0.004) and the reduction of the urethral lumen (p<0.001) have been found to be more common in male patients, while the coughing UI was more common in women (p=0.007). The study shows that BNI (p=0.046), VUR (p=0.02) and the IU due to cough (p=0.03) were more frequent in operated patients, while reduced urethral lumen was less common (p<0.01). Patients with VUR present more time from radiotherapy, but not in other cystography variables. There was a relationship between RT and the BNI, stress urinary incontinence, anterior urethral stricture and VUR. The risk factor was increased by surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder neck incompetence, stress UI, anterior urethral stricture and VUR have been related to radiotherapy. Surgery increased the risk factor in operated patients.

Urological disease and tobacco. A review for raising the awareness of urologists. / Enfermedad urológica y el tabaco. Una revisión para la concienciación del urólogo.

CONTEXT: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in our community. Its relationship with urological disease is well documented. OBJECTIVE: To present an updated review on the relationship between urological disease and tobacco consumption and the importance of involving urologists in smoking prevention. ACQUISITION AND SYNTHESIS OF EVIDENCE: We conducted a review of current literature, primarily by searching PubMed and using as the main base the report on the consequences of smoking on health performed by the Surgeon General. CONCLUSION: Urologists play an essential role in informing patients of the relationship between smoking and urological disease. It is the duty of every urologist to play a more active role in educating patients and promoting smoking cessation.

Hacia un mayor compromiso del urólogo en la prevención del tabaquismo / Towards greater involvement of the urologist in smoking prevention

No disponible

Encuesta sobre actitud y percepción de conocimientos para el abordaje del tabaquismo en los urólogos / Survey on attitude and perception of knowledge to approach smoking habit in the urologist

Introducción. Conocemos la actitud sobre el tabaquismo en algunos profesionales sanitarios, pero no en los urólogos. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo mediante 150 encuestas aleatorias a urólogos españoles sobre actitud y percepción de conocimientos para el abordaje del tabaquismo. Se estudian: variables cuantitativas, asociación entre variables cualitativas y comparamos nuestros resultados con los de otros colectivos de nuestro país. Resultados. 150 respuestas (91% masculinas y 9% femeninas. Edad media 52,6 ± 8,7 años). 8% fumadores, 48% exfumadores y 43% no fumadores. 57% recogen el estatus de fumador, 54% informan de los riesgos del tabaco y 58% aconsejan dejar de fumar. Encontramos diferencia significativa entre urólogos fumadores vs. no fumadores en la recogida del hábito tabáquico (p = 0,074) y consejo para dejar de fumar (p = 0,0059), más frecuente entre los no fumadores. El 41% creen que no pueden ayudar a sus pacientes a dejar de fumar, 67% desconocen el consejo mínimo, y 82% dicen no tener conocimientos/habilidades para realizarlo. El 53% desconocen los fármacos y el 74% los recursos sanitarios disponibles, para la deshabituación tabáquica. El 27% piensan que no es fundamental la recomendación de dejar de fumar (más frecuente entre fumadores p = 0,0076). Conclusión. El 58% de los urólogos aconsejan dejar de fumar, pero el 67% desconocen el consejo mínimo y el 82% cómo realizarlo. 53% no conocen los fármacos y solo el 26% los recursos sanitarios disponibles para la deshabituación tabáquica. Estos resultados plantean una serie de oportunidades de mejora que se irán implementando en nuestra Asociación Española de Urología (AU)

Introduction. We have knowledge of the attitude on smoking in some health care professionals, but not in the urologists. Material and methods. Descriptive, observational study through 150 random surveys to Spanish urologists on the attitude and perception of knowledge to death with smoking habit. The following were studied: quantitative variables, association between qualitative variables and we compared our results with those of other groups of our country. Results. 150 responses (91% male and 9% female. Mean age 52.6 ± 8.7 years). 8% smokers, 48% exsmokers and 43% non-smokers. A total of 57% collect the status of smoker, 54% report on the risk of smoking and 58% recommend smoking cessation. We have found a significant difference between urologists who are smokers and non-smokers in the collection of smoking habit (p = 0.074) and recommendation to quit smoking (p = 0.0059), more frequent among the non-smokers. A total of 41% believe that their patients cannot be helped to quit smoking, 67% are not aware of the minimum advise and 82% state they do not have the knowledge/skills to do so. Of those surveyed, 53% do not know the drug and 74% the health care resources available for smoking cessation. A total of 27% think that recommending that one quits smoking is not essential (more frequent among smokers p = 0.0076). Conclusion. It was found that 58% of the urologists recommend smoking cessation, but 67% of them do not know the minimum advise and 82% do not know how to do it. The drugs for this are unknown by 53% and only 26% know the health care resources available for smoking cessation. These results suggest a series of opportunities for improvement that will be implemented in our Spanish Association of Urology (AU)

Participación de la inervación pudenda en la hiperactividad del detrusor y el síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva / Participation of the Pudendal Innervation in the Detrusor Overactivity of the Detrusor and in the Overactive Bladder Syndrome

Objetivos: La presencia de los síntomas funcionales de la fase de llenado y la hiperactividad del detrusor son dos disfunciones del tracto urinario inferior relacionadas entre sí. Pretendemos estudiar la participación de la lesión del nervio pudendo en ambas disfunciones urinarias. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de corte en una serie de 108 mujeres. El estudio consistió en un interrogatorio sobre la presencia de síntomas funcionales del tracto urinario inferior, cistomanometría y determinación del tiempo de latencia periférico del nervio pudendo, electromiografía selectiva del esfínter anal externo y determinación del tiempo de latencia del reflejo sacro. Resultados: Se observó una tendencia hacia la significación entre la presencia de polaquiuria y la amplitud de los potenciales de unidad motora (mayores en presencia de polaquiuria)y de la presencia de urgencia-incontinencia y el tiempo de latencia sacro (mayor en presenciade urgencia incontinencia), y una relación significativa entre la puntuación del King’s Health Questionnaire y el tiempo de latencia periférico del nervio pudendo. Respecto de la hiperactividad del detrusor se observó un mayor tiempo de latencia sacro en pacientes con hiperactividad con tendencia hacia la significación. Conclusiones: Existe una relación entre las alteraciones de la inervación pudenda y la presencia de síntomas de la fase de llenado e hiperactividad del detrusor. Esta relación explicaría la acción terapéutica de la rehabilitación perineal sobre estas disfunciones (AU)

Objectives: The functional symptoms of the filling phase and detrusor over activity are two inter-related dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract. We have aimed to study the participation of the lesion of the pudendal nerve in both urinary dysfunctions. Material and methods: A cross-sectional cutoff study in a series of 108 women was carried out. The study consisted in the questioning on the presence of functional symptoms of the lower urinary tract, cystomanometry and determination of peripheral pudendal nerve latency time, selective electromyography of the external anal sphincter and determination of the sacral reflexlatency time. Results: A tendency was observed towards significance between the presence of pollakiuria amplitude of motor unit potentials (greater in presence of pollakiuria) and the presence of urgency-incontinence and time of sacral latency (greater in the presence of urge incontinence) and a significant relation between the score on the King’s Health Questionnaire and peripheral pudendal nerve latency time. Regarding detrusor hyperactivity, greater sacral latency time was observed in patients with over activity with tendency towards significance. Conclusions: There is a relation between pudendal innervation alterations and presence of symptoms in the filling phase and detrusor over activity. This relation would explain the therapeutic action of the perineal rehabilitation on these dysfunctions (AU)

[Participation of the pudendal innervation in the detrusor overactivity of the detrusor and in the overactive bladder syndrome]. / Participación de la inervación pudenda en la hiperactividad del detrusor y el síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva.

OBJECTIVES: The functional symptoms of the filling phase and detrusor overactivity are two inter-related dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract. We have aimed to study the participation of the lesion of the pudendal nerve in both urinary dysfunctions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional cutoff study in a series of 108 women was carried out. The study consisted in the questioning on the presence of functional symptoms of the lower urinary tract, cystomanometry and determination of peripheral pudendal nerve latency time, selective electromyography of the external anal sphincter and determination of the sacral reflex latency time. RESULTS: A tendency was observed towards significance between the presence of pollakiuria amplitude of motor unit potentials (greater in presence of pollakiuria) and the presence of urgency-incontinence and time of sacral latency (greater in the presence of urge incontinence) and a significant relation between the score on the King's Health Questionnaire and peripheral pudendal nerve latency time. Regarding detrusor hyperactivity, greater sacral latency time was observed in patients with overactivity with tendency towards significance. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relation between pudendal innervation alterations and presence of symptoms in the filling phase and detrusor overactivity. This relation would explain the therapeutic action of the perineal rehabilitation on these dysfunctions.

["Post micturition residual; urodynamic"]. / <>

OBJECTIVES: To study the possible correlation between the existence of postmicturition residual (PR), both in men as in women, with other urodynamic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study in a series of 121 patients (33 male, 88 female), age X=68.22 and SD=12.904 (16-90 years), with a significative PR had been underwent a videourodynamic study. All cases of neurogenic vesicourethral dysfunctions and post pelvic radiotherapy were excluded. Statistical study was performed between the PR and the presence of urinary symptoms, urodynamic data, and findings of physical examination. The study was conducted, both descriptive and with statistical correlations. We used the Spearman Rho and compared with the median chi-square. RESULTS: We found a positive correlation (men and women), between the PR and bladder capacity (p=0.001) and between the PR free flowmetry and PR test pdet/flow (r=0.450 p=0.001). In women, a positive correlation was found between the PR and the urethral resistance (URA) (p=0.001), and between PR and voiding by abdominal pressure (p<0,05). We found a negative correlation in men between the PR and the parameters of detrusor contraction (W80-W20) (p<0.05). Not found statistically significant correlation between the PR and cystometry, nor with the urodynamic diagnosis of obstruction, associated radiological semiology, hyperactive bladder and emptying symptoms in men. CONCLUSIONS: The PR behaved more as a parameter measurement of detrusor contractility, than a parameter of the lower urinary tract obstruction. The PR was not associated with any clinic or associated radiologic semiology.

«Correlaciones urodinámicas del residuo posmiccional» / ''Post micturition residual; Urodynamic''

Objetivos: Estudiar la correlación entre la existencia de residuo posmiccional (rp) con otros parámetros urodinámicos. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo. 121 pacientes (33V, 88M). Edad=68,22 y S=12,904 (16–90 años) que presentaban rp realizándose estudio videourodinámico completo. Se excluyeron disfunciones neurógenas vésicouretrales y posradioterapia pélvica. Se estudiaron correlaciones estadísticas entre residuo y síntomas, parámetros urodinámicos y hallazgos de la exploración física. Se ha realizado estadística descriptiva y correlaciones (rho de Spearman y comparación de medianas [chi cuadrado]). Resultados: Se encontró correlación positiva (hombres y mujeres) entre rp y capacidad vesical (p=0,001), entre rp (flujometría libre) y el rp (test pdet/flujo) (r=0,450 p=0,001). En mujeres entre rp y resistencia uretral (p=0,001) y entre rp y micción con prensa abdominal (p<0,05) Se encontró correlación negativa (hombres) entre rp y parámetros de contracción istotónica del detrusor (W80–W20) (p<0,05). No se ha encontrado correlación entre rp y parámetros cistomanométricos, ni con el diagnóstico urodinámico de obstrucción, semiología radiológica asociada, vejiga hiperactiva, ni síntomas funcionales de vaciamiento en el hombre. Conclusiones: El rp urodinámicamente se comportó más como un parámetro de medida de contractilidad del detrusor que como un parámetro de obstrucción del tracto urinario inferior. El rp no presentó ninguna semiología clínica ni radiológica asociada específica (AU)

Objectives: To study the possible correlation between the existence of postmicturition residual (PR), both in men as in women, with other urodynamic parameters. Material and methods: A retrospective study in a series of 121 patients (33 male, 88 female), age X=68.22 and SD=12.904 (16–90 years), with a significative PR had been underwent a videourodynamic study. All cases of neurogenic vesicourethral dysfunctions and post pelvic radiotherapy were excluded. Statistical study was performed between the PR and the presence of urinary symptoms, urodynamic data, and findings of physical examination. The study was conducted, both descriptive and with statistical correlations. We used the Spearman Rho and compared with the median chi-square. Results: We found a positive correlation (men and women), between the PR and bladder capacity (p=0.001) and between the PR free flowmetry and PR test pdet/flow (r=0.450 p=0.001). In women, a positive correlation was found between the PR and the urethral resistance (URA) (p=0.001), and between PR and voiding by abdominal pressure (p<0,05). We found a negative correlation in men between the PR and the parameters of detrusor contraction (W80–W20) (p<0.05). Not found statistically significant correlation between the PR and cystometry, nor with the urodynamic diagnosis of obstruction, associated radiological semiology, hyperactive bladder and emptying symptoms in men. Conclusions: The PR behaved more as a parameter measurement of detrusor contractility, than a parameter of the lower urinary tract obstruction. The PR was not associated with any clinic or associated radiologic semiology (AU)

[Value of preoperative autotransfusion in elective urologic surgery]. / Interés de la autotransfusión preoperatoria en cirugía urológica electiva.

Over a period of 5 months, 50 patients were entered into the preoperative autologous blood donation program of our Service. Two patients were excluded; one had previously had an acute myocardial infarction and the other had epilepsy. The remaining 48 patients, which accounted for one third of our elective surgery procedures, all accepted to enter the program. These patients were not more severely anemic than the other patients not in the program and who underwent the same surgical procedures. No patients required homologous blood transfusion and no complications ascribable to the procedure were observed. Although it is not utilized widely to date, predeposited autologous blood transfusion is a safe and efficient method, with no remarkable morbidity, even in patients aged over 65 years, the age group of one half of our patients. Autologous blood transfusion programs are necessary. The indications, the exclusion criteria for patients at high risk and the objective parameters for evaluating its success must be established.

[Eosinophilic cystitis]. / Cistitis eosinofílica.

We report two cases of eosinophilic cystitis that had been diagnosed anatomo-pathologically after TUR. These patients had a previous history of low grade and stage superficial bladder tumor that had been treated by intravesical interferon after surgery. The literature is reviewed highlighting the etiopathogenic aspects, the possible relationship with immune allergic factors, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment.

[Adrenal myelolipoma: a new case. Review]. / Mielolipoma adrenal: un nuevo caso. Revisión.

We report a case of symptomatic myelolipoma with a good evolution at three and a half years' follow up. The clinical features and the diagnosis of this tumor type are discussed. In this case, as in most cases, CT proved to be the most useful in making the diagnosis. Like most of the cases, the patient was middle aged, obese and hypertensive. The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnosis of this disease entity are reviewed. The treatment modalities utilized according to the specific features of each case are discussed.