A Moderated Mediation Model of Wellbeing and Competitive Anxiety in Male Marathon Runners.

Running marathons is an increasingly popular activity with an ever-increasing number of events and participants. Many participants declare that they pursue a variety of goals by running, namely, the maintenance of good health, the development of strength and improvement of fitness, the management of emotions, and the achievement of resilience and psychological wellbeing (PWB). The research has examined marathon running, like many other sports, and has studied various factors that reduce athletic performance, such as the experience of anxiety, and that enhance such performance, such as an increase in general wellbeing. This article reports the results of a study on the experience of competitive anxiety among 238 male marathon runners who participated in Seville's (Spain) 26th Marathon race on February 23, 2020, and investigates the relationship between anxiety and key dimensions of wellbeing as measured by the Spanish-adapted 20-item PWB Scale. We hypothesized that participating athletes who rated high on the dimensions of PWB would experience lower levels of competitive anxiety with respect to this race. We also proposed that PWB would function as a mediating factor with respect to the experience of anxiety. The results show, as hypothesized, that marathon running enhances wellbeing and reduces anxiety. The data showed significant negative correlations between four of five wellbeing dimensions and the three types of anxiety measured, namely, somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration-impairing anxiety. Other findings supported our hypothesis that wellbeing, as measured, functions as a mediating factor for the moderation of competitive anxiety. Generalization of these findings is limited by the fact that the low number of female participants recruited did not permit valid statistical analyses in this respect. It is known that both anxiety and wellbeing are subjects to variation by gender. The future inclusion of male and female subjects in equivalent studies will undoubtedly add valuable information concerning the dynamics of anxiety and wellbeing. The implications of these findings and the limitations of the study will be discussed.

Escala de Conductas Parentales Ante el Uso de Tecnología en Adolescentes / Scale of Parental Behaviors to the Use of Technology in Adolescents

Resumen El uso de la tecnología se ha incrementado alrededor del mundo, en México hay 71.3 millones de usuarios, siendo niños y adolescentes, el segundo grupo que más accede a Internet, a su vez se originan diversos peligros y riesgos. Por lo tanto, la familia es un factor protector que permite regular, supervisar y guiar el contenido virtual. El objetivo del presente estudio fue confirmar la estructura factorial psicométrica de la escala de conductas parentales ante el uso de tecnología en adolescentes. Participaron 594 adolescentes de la Ciudad de México. Los resultados indicaron que el modelo pertinente a las prácticas de la mamá mostró índices de ajuste aceptables: CFI = .930; IFI = .931; NFI = .897 y RMSA = .056; al igual que el del papá: CFI = .961; IFI = .961; NFI = .943 y RMSA = .059. Se cumplieron criterios de normalidad, asimismo, los reactivos tuvieron estimaciones paramétricas arriba de .50, y presentaron índices de consistencia interna Alpha de Cronbach arriba de .70. Se concluye que la escala cumple con las propiedades psicométricas aceptables y permite evaluar la percepción de los adolescentes, sobre el comportamiento de sus padres frente al uso de internet.

Abstract The use of technology has increased around the world, in Mexico there are 71.3 million Internet users, with children and adolescents being the second group who access the Internet the most. With the growth of virtual users, the dangers and risks also enlarge, therefore, the family is a protective factor that allows to regulate, supervise and guide adolescents about virtual content. The objective of the present study was to confirm the psychometric factorial structure of the scale of parental behaviors to the use of technology. 594 adolescents from Mexico City participated. The research question was: How is the statistical correspondence of the proposed items of the scale of parental behaviors to the internet use in adolescents? and the hypothesis to be tested was whether the adjustment of the confirmatory factor model that represents the structure of two subscales (one divided into four factors and other in three) of parental behaviors to the use of technology has adequate adjustment indices. The results confirmed the factorial structure of the scale oriented towards mother's practices, obtaining the next index, CFI = .930; IFI = .931; NFI = .897 and RMSA = .056, with five factors: monitoring, supervision, conflict, support and protection. Also, the factorial structure of the parent's scale was confirmed, finding appropriate adjustment indices: CFI = .961; IFI = .961; NFI = .943 and RMSA = .059, with four factors: protection, conflict, control and support. Likewise, normality criteria were met, the items had parametric estimates above .50, and presented Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency indexes above .70. Finally, it is concluded that the scale complies with the acceptable psychometric properties and allows evaluating the adolescents 'perception of their parents' behavior regarding the use of technology. The findings can be used to carry out studies on attitudes associated with the perception of parental behaviors in the virtual media.

Divergences in the perception of parental practices, positive behavior and problems between parents and children / Divergências na percepção de práticas parentais, comportamento positivo e problemáticas entre pais e filhos / Divergencias en la percepción de prácticas parentales, comportamiento positivo y problemáticas entre padres e hijos

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the divergences in perception of parental practices, positive behavior and problems between parents and children. The participants, parents and adolescents, collaborated voluntarily and were examined in the following dyads: 248 fathers-sons, 241fathers-daughters, 237 mothers-sons, and 241 mothers-daughters. The psychometric instruments used were the Strengths and Difficulties Scale and the Parental Practices Scale for mothers and fathers. To achieve the main objective, correlation analysis, path analysis and differences of means with related samples were performed. The results showed correlations, from moderate to low, between parental practices, problems and prosocial behavior. In addition, different predictive factors of the children's behaviors were obtained, according to the sex of the parents and the parental practices they implemented. Finally, there were divergences between reports of parental practices, prosocial behavior and problems between parents and their children. Therefore, it is concluded that parental behavior is oriented according to the sexual role of their children, which involves social desirability.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como finalidade analisar as divergências na percepção das práticas parentais, no comportamento positivo e nas problemáticas entre pais e filhos. Os participantes, pais e adolescentes, colaboraram de maneira voluntária e foram avaliados nas seguintes díades: 248 pais-filhos, 241 pais-filhas, 237 mães-filhos e 241 mães-filhas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Capacidades e Dificuldades e a Escala de Práticas Parentais para mães e pais. Para alcançar o objetivo principal, realizaram-se análises de correlação, análises de caminhos e diferenças de médias com amostras relacionadas. Os resultados mostraram correlações - de moderadas a baixas - entre as práticas parentais, os problemas e a conduta pró-social, além de diferentes fatores preditivos das condutas dos filhos a partir do gênero dos pais e das práticas parentais exercidas. Houve divergências entre os relatórios de práticas parentais, conduta pró-social e problemas entre os pais e seus filhos. Conclui-se que a conduta parental é orientada de acordo com o gênero dos filhos, o que implica certa desejabilidade social relacionada com seu papel como homens ou como mulheres.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad analizar las divergencias en la percepción de las prácticas parentales, el comportamiento positivo y las problemáticas entre padres e hijos. Los participantes, padres y adolescentes, colaboraron de manera voluntaria y se evaluaron en las siguientes díadas: 248 padres-hijos, 241 padres-hijas, 237 madres-hijos, y 241 madres-hijas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Capacidades y Dificultades y la Escala de Prácticas Parentales para madres y padres. Para lograr el objetivo principal se realizaron análisis de correlación, análisis de senderos y diferencias de medias con muestras relacionadas. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones -de moderadas a bajas- entre las prácticas parentales, los problemas y la conducta prosocial, además de diferentes factores predictores de las conductas de los hijos a partir del sexo de los padres y las prácticas parentales ejercidas. Se presentaron divergencias entre los reportes de prácticas parentales, conducta prosocial y problemas entre los padres y sus hijos. Se concluye que la conducta parental se orienta según el sexo de los hijos, lo cual implica cierta deseabilidad social relacionada con su rol como hombres o como mujeres.

Orientación de logro y compromiso deportivo: estudio transcultural entre México y España / Orientação para o ego e compromisso desportivo: estudo transcultural entre México e Espanha / Goal orientation and sport commitment: a transcultural study between Mexico and Spain

There are several reasons for a person to start and persist in sports, to explain this phenomenon one of the most used models is sport commitment that in different investigations has proven its cross-cultural validity and is related to various constructs, including achievement motivation. Within this theory of motivation, we find the goal orientation, which has been conceptualized as the mental structure through which individuals interpret and respond to goal situations, and can change the perception of contextual sports variables and influence decision of starting or staying in a sport. The objective of this study was to compare a sample of Mexican and Spanish athletes regarding the dimensions of achievement orientation and the variables of the sports commitment model. The results showed significant differences only in mastery dimension, but the models of structural equations show major differences in their distribution and in the variables that influence the commitment. Cultural differences were found in how athletes respond to goal situations and how this may affect their decision to stay or leave the sport, with Spaniards showing a better fit with the original model of sports commitment (AU)

Existen diferentes motivos para que una persona inicie y persista en la práctica deportiva, para explicar este fenómeno uno de los modelos más utilizados es el de compromiso deportivo que en diferentes investigaciones se ha comprobado su validez transcultural y se le relaciona con diversos constructos, entre ellos, la motivación de logro. Dentro de esta teoría de la motivación encontramos la orientación de logro, que se ha conceptualizado como la estructura mental mediante la cual los individuos interpretan y responden a las situaciones de meta, y puede cambiar la percepción de las variables contextuales deportivas e influir en la decisión de iniciar o permanecer en la práctica un deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar una muestra de deportistas mexicanos y españoles en cuanto a las dimensiones de orientación de logro y las variables del modelo de compromiso deportivo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas solo en la dimensión de maestría, pero los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales muestran diferencias importantes en cuanto a su distribución y en las variables que influyen en el compromiso. Se encontraron diferencias culturales en cómo los deportistas responden a situaciones de meta y en cómo esto puede afectar su decisión de permanecer o abandonar el deporte, siendo los españoles quienes muestran un mejor ajuste con el modelo original de compromiso deportivo (AU)

Existem diferentes razões para uma pessoa para iniciar e persistir no esporte, para explicar esse fenômeno um dos modelos mais utilizados é o compromisso desportivo mesmo que em várias pesquisas provou sua validade transcultural e está associado com diversos construtos, incluindo a orientação para ego. Dentro desta teoria da motivação encontramos a orientação para ego, que tem sido conceituada como a estrutura mental através do qual os indivíduos interpretar e responder a situações de resultado (ego), e pode mudar a percepção das variáveis contextuais desportivas e influenciar a decisão para iniciar ou ficar em prática um esporte. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar uma amostra de atletas mexicanos e espanhóis en termos das dimensões de orientação para ego e as variáveis do modelo de compromisso esportivo. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas apenas na dimensão do domínio, mas modelos de equações estruturais mostram diferenças enquento a distribuição e nas variáveis que influenciam o compromisso. Se encontraram diferenças culturais na forma como os atletas respondem a situações de ego e como isso pode afetar sua decisão de ficar ou deixar o esporte, são os espanhóis que mostram um melhor ajuste com o modelo original de compromisso desportivo (AU)

Relación Entre las Estrategias de Manejo del Conflicto y la Percepción de la Violencia Situacional en la Pareja / The Relationship Between Strategies for Conflict Management and the Perception of Situational Violence in Couples / Relação Entre as Estratégias de Administração do Conflito e a Percepção da Violência Situacional no Casal

Se buscó determinar si las estrategias de manejo del conflicto influyen en la violencia situacional en la pareja. A una muestra de 342 participantes se le aplicó la Escala de Estrategias de Manejo de Conflicto y la Escala de Violencia en la Pareja. Los resultados indicaron que los hombres muestran mayor afecto, tiempo y acomodación que las mujeres ante los conflictos de pareja; sin embargo, ellas perciben más violencia física y económica, así como mayor intimidación y humillación/devaluación. Un modelo estructural para el análisis de los datos mostró que la violencia fue predicha por las dimensiones de las estrategias de manejo del conflicto de evitación, tiempo, afecto, acomodación y reflexión/comunicación.

The objective of this study was to determine whether conflict management strategies influence situational violence in couples. The Conflict Management Strategies Scale and the Violence in Couples Scale were used with a sample of 342 participants. Results indicated that men show greater affection, time, and accommodation than women in cases of conflict; whereas women perceived greater physical and economic violence, as well as more intimidation and humiliation/devaluation. An structural equation model for data analysis showed that violence was predicted by the conflict management dimensions of avoidance, time, affection, accommodation, and reflection/communication.

Pretendeu-se determinar se as estratégias de manejo de conflito influenciam na violência situacional no casal. A uma amostra de 342 participantes, foi aplicada a Escala de Estratégia de Administração de Conflito e a Escala de Violência no Casal. Os resultados indicaram que os homens mostram maior afeto, tempo e acomodação que as mulheres ante os conflitos do casal; contudo, elas percebem mais violência física e econômica, bem como maior intimidação e humilhação/desvalorização. Um modelo estrutural para a análise dos dados mostrou que a violência foi prevista pelas dimensões das estratégias de administração do conflito de evitação, tempo, afeto, acomodação e reflexão/comunicação.

Percepción de la violencia y sintomatología depresiva en parejas mexicanas / No disponible

La depresión en México es un grave problema de salud pública debido principalmente a la incapacidad que genera y a los correlatos físicos que presenta, la prevalencia de la depresión es mayor entre las mujeres que en los hombres y el riesgo de desarrollar síntomas depresivos aumenta ante la presencia de diversos factores biológicos y sociales, entre ellos la violencia en los núcleos familiares. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar cómo se asocia la percepción de la violencia en las parejas con la sintomatología depresiva, para ello participaron 150 hombres y 192 mujeres de la ciudad de México. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres presentaron más sintomatología depresiva que los hombres, además de que ellas reportan más violencia física, violencia económica, intimidación y humillación/devaluación que los hombres. En los análisis de modelos estructurales se observó que la violencia percibida influye de manera positiva en la aparición de sintomatología depresiva

Depression in Mexico is a serious public health problem mainly due to the generate of inability and the physical correlates that presents, the prevalence of depression is higher among women compared to men and the risk of developing depressive symptoms increases with the presence of various biological and social factors, including violence within families, hence the aim of this study was to determine how the perception of violence in couples is associated with depressive symptoms, for it involved 150 men and 192 women Mexico city. The results show that women had more depressive symptoms than men, also, they reported more physical violence, economic violence, intimidation and humiliation/devaluation than men, and further structural analysis models indicate that the perceived violence has a positive influence on the onset of depressive symptoms

Evaluación clínica abierta multicéntrica no aleatorizada y prospectiva de la efectividad de una emulsión a base de ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados, Aloe barbadensis y Mimosa tenuiflora (Mepentol® Leche) en diferentes tipos de pacientes con riesgo de ulceración / Multicentric prospective non randomized open clinical evaluation of the efficacy of an emulsion based on hyperoxigenated fatty acids Aloe barbadensis and Mimosa tenuiflora (Mepentol® Leche) in different types of patients with risk of ulceration

Las úlceras de la extremidad inferior suponen un grave problema sanitario que afecta a un gran número de pacientes, constituyendo por ello un gran reto de trabajo para los profesionales de la salud. Los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados (AGHO) han demostrado tener eficacia en la prevención de este tipo de úlceras. Gracias a los buenos resultados obtenidos en un estudio previo, nos planteamos seguir evaluando la efectividad del producto Mepentol® Leche, una emulsión a base de ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados, Aloe barbadensis y Mimosa tenuiflora, en el cuidado de la piel y alivio de los síntomas en pacientes con este problema, pero ampliando el tamaño de la muestra y centrándonos en pacientes diabéticos junto con otras enfermedades concomitantes. Además, en este estudio se ha implicado a profesionales de enfermería de seis provincias: Almería, Alicante, Granada, Sevilla, Málaga y Ceuta. De nuevo con este estudio, realizado en un total de 2.145 pacientes, hemos demostrado que ningún paciente ha ulcerado durante el tiempo de seguimiento y tratamiento con Mepentol® Leche y que su aplicación sistemática mejora claramente los síntomas previos a la aparición de úlceras, evitando la sequedad cutánea, reduciendo el prurito, escozor, dolor y eccema, y devolviendo la piel de estos pacientes a su coloración normal (AU)

The lower extremity wounds are a serious health problem that affects a large number of patients, thereby assuming a great challenge to work for health professionals. Hyperoxygenated fatty acids (AGHO), have demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of this type of ulcers. Thanks to the good results obtained in a previous study, we plan to continue evaluating the effectiveness of Mepentol® Leche, an emulsion-based hyper-oxygenated fatty acids, Aloe barbadensis and Mimosa tenuiflora in skin care and relief of symptoms, in patients with this problem, but expanding the sample size and focusing on diabetic patients with concomitant diseases. Also in this study have been involving nurses in six provinces: Almería, Alicante, Granada, Seville, Malaga and Ceuta. Again with this study, a total of 2,145 patients, we demonstrated that no patient has ulcerated during the follow-up and treatment with Mepentol® Leche and its systematic application significantly improves the symptoms before the onset of ulcers, preventing dryness skin, reducing itching, burning, pain and eczema, and returning the skin of these patients to their normal color (AU)

Esquistosomiasis en la infancia: una experiencia para el internacionalismo médico cubano / Schistosomiasis in childhood: an experience to the Cuban Medical Internationalist Missions

El Esquistosoma es un parásito no endémico de Cuba, pero con una elevada frecuencia en los países de África, Asia y América Latina; de ellos, cinco especies infectan al hombre. No existen evidencias de dicho parasitismo en nuestro país. Con la presencia del internacionalismo médico cubano en las diversas tierras del mundo es que fue considerado útil transmitir la experiencia profesional en un país africano. Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente de 7 años de edad, sexo masculino y estado nutricional adecuado, procedente de un área suburbana de la Cuidad de Nampula, Mozambique, África Subsahariana que al examen físico se constató que tenía lesiones de dermatitis en las manos y los pies, de varias semanas en evolución; acude por la aparición de edemas en miembros inferiores, dificultad para orinar y orinas oscuras. Se sospecha una posible Glomerulonefritis Difusa Aguda según la frecuencia de la entidad en nuestro medio. Después de una respuesta terapéutica escasa, un cambio en la visión epidemiológica y los resultados complementarios, se confirma una forma de presentación infantil de esquistosomiasis masiva, entidad frecuente en las regiones geográficas donde hoy en día está presente el internacionalismo médico cubano. Después de una revisión bibliográfica se consideró útil trasmitir la experiencia al médico internacionalista y se hacen algunas consideraciones al respecto...(AU)

Schistosome is a non-endemic parasite in Cuba, but with an elevated frequency in Africa, Asia and Latin-America; of them, five species infest man. No evidences of this parasite are found in Cuba. Considering the presence of Cuban Medical Internationalist Missions in other parts of the world, it is useful to transmit the professional experience in an African country. A 7-year-old-male patient, presenting an adequate nutritional status, coming from a sub-urban district of Mampula City. Mozambique, sub-Saharan Africa, at physical examination showed dermatitis in hands and feet for several weeks in evolution. The patient attended to the clinic presenting edema in the lower limbs, difficulties to urinate and dark urines. Suspecting, a possible Acute Diffuse Glomerulonephritis according to the frequency of the disease in that environment. After a limited therapeutic response, and a change in the epidemiologic view and the laboratory results; a childhood presentation of a form of massive schistosomiasis was confirmed, a frequent entity in the geographic regions where Cuban medical missions work. Some suggestions to transmit the experience to the medical missions were made taking into consideration several aspects after a medical literature review...(AU)