Case of osseous dysplasia with an unusual concentric, circular, radiological appearance.

Osseous dysplasia is an idiopathic process that is characterised by the replacement of normal bone with fibrous tissue and metaplastic bone. On radiographic images it may be predominantly radiolucent, predominantly radio-opaque, or mixed. We present a focal osseous dysplastic lesion with an unusual concentric, circular, radiographic appearance.

Peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma of maxilla in a patient with aggressive periodontitis.

Peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma is a reactive and rare lesion of oral cavity with unknown etiology which is derived from periosteum and periodontal ligament and occurs frequently in young adults. Inflammation or trauma is underlying causative factor of reactive proliferation. In the present case report, a 35 year-old male with aggressive periodontitis and peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma is presented. The patient applied to our clinic with a complaining about a big nodule at his palate. The lesion was pedunculated and localized at his right maxilla between #16 and #17 which arose from distal aspect of #16, and the surface of the lesion was hyperkeratotic and the lesion was measured 22 x 30 mm at the largest diameter. He also had severe generalized aggressive periodontitis and hypertension. Amoxicillin clavulanate 625 mg, three times a day, metronidazole 500 mg three times a day and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate oral rinse, twice a day for a week, were prescribed to the patient. Then, scaling and root planing were performed along with systemic antibiotic treatment and he scheduled for surgery. The lesion was excised completely and #16 was extracted. After the healing period, periodontal surgery was planned for the treatment of aggressive periodontitis. Obtained tissue specimen was sent for histopathological examination. The diagnosis of peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma was confirmed with histopathological examination. No intra- and post-operative complications were seen.

Leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle mimicking tumoral extension of prostatic carcinoma.

Leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle is an extremely rare tumour. The diagnosis of this entity is important when it co-exists with prostatic carcinoma, since it can simulate tumour extension from prostate or bladder cancer on MR imaging and lead to overstaging. In this report, we describe a 74-year-old man with a leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle that mimics tumour extension from co-existent prostatic cancer on T2-weighted MR imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first description of imaging findings of concurrent leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle and prostatic carcinoma.

Effects of acitretin on spermatogenesis of rats.

In this experimental study the possible effects of the acitretin on the spermatogenesis of the rats were investigated histopathologically. Thirty-nine male adult Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups as two experimental groups and one control group. The first group consisting 14 rats were applied orally standard dose (0.75 mg/kg/day) acitretin and the second group consisting 16 rats were applied high dose (1.5 mg/kg/day) acitretin. Acitretin was given within dimetil sulphoxide (DMSO), which was diluted with saline solution as a ratio of 1/10, in order to increase its solubility. The control group consisting 9 rats were given only saline solution including DMSO for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of the administration, half of the rats in the first and second groups and the entire control group were sacrificed under deep ether anaesthesia and bilateral orchiectomy was made. The remaining rats were compared with the control group using a similar method at the end of 8 weeks of wash-off period. The orchiectomy materials were histopathologically evaluated under the light microscope for spermatogenesis according to parameters including spermatogenetic activity, spermatogenetic organization, seminiferous tubular diameter, interstitial Leydig cells and fibroblasts. The groups, which were evaluated at the end of the 8(th) and 16(th) weeks, were compared with the control group regarding the mentioned parameters and no statistical significance was observed among the groups. In our study it was concluded that the standard and high doses of acitretin do not have any effect on the spermatogenesis of the rats.

Effect of the prostacyclin derivate iloprost in experimental caustic esophageal burn.

Previous experimental studies have suggested that administration of antithrombotic, antioxidant, and cytoprotective agents have protective effects in caustic injury of the esophagus. Therefore, an experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of iloprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin, on the esophagus after caustic burns. Sixty Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups of 20 animals each. In group A, animals were uninjured and untreated. In group B, animals were injured but untreated. In group C, rats were injured and administered intravenous iloprost for 3 days. Caustic esophageal burn was produced by 1 ml of 15% NaOH. Efficacy of the treatment was assessed by measuring the tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels with biochemical methods on the 3rd postoperative day. Histopathological evaluation was done on the 28th postoperative day. The level of MDA was significantly increased in group B compared with the other groups. In group B, the histopathological damage score was significantly higher than in groups A and C. There was also a significant difference between groups A and C regarding the histopathologic damage. These results indicate that iloprost has a preventive effect in experimental caustic esophageal burn in rats.

Cytokeratin expression in lichen amyloidosus and macular amyloidosis.

AIM: To understand the role of epidermal cells in the pathogenesis of lichen amyloidosus (LA) and macular amyloidosis (MA). METHODS: We carried out immunohistochemical investigations on cytokeratins (CKs) in amyloid deposits in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from eight persons with LA and 12 with MA. The primary antibodies of CK1-8 (AE3), CK10 (DEK-10), CK14 (LL002), CK17 (E3), CK18 (DC10), CK19 (KS19.1), CK5/6/18 (LP34) and CK8/18 (5D3) were used in the study. RESULTS: In amyloid deposits, immunoreactivity with only two monoclonal antibodies (CK1-8 and CK5/6/18) was observed in 14 cases (eight LA and six MA), confirming the hypothesis that epidermal cells participate in amyloid formation of LA and MA. COMMENTS: All of the CKs detected in amyloid deposits were basic type (type II). It seems plausible either that acidic CKs might be degraded faster than basic types in amyloidogenesis or that paraffin-embedded tissue specimens are less sensitive than frozen tissue sections. The results of our study suggest that when paraffin-embedded specimens are investigated by immunohistochemical methods, CK5 antibody is useful in the diagnosis of LA and MA.

Synchronous occurrence of bladder carcinosarcoma and testicular seminoma.

We report a case of urinary bladder carcinosarcoma with simultaneous testicular seminoma. A 60-year-old male presented with painless gross hematuria and a left testicular mass. The bladder tumor was deeply infiltrating muscular tissue and had histologic features of both carcinoma and sarcoma. Testicular tumor was diagnosed as classical seminoma. Radical cystectomy, pelvic and left-modified retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy were performed. The lymph nodes did not show metastasis. At the 26 months follow-up, the patient is free of disease.

Helicobacter pylori status and cell proliferation activity in chronic antral gastritis.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is known to cause antral gastritis and multifocal atrophic gastritis. In addition to its inflammatory effect, H. pylori has a direct effect on gastric mucosa. Increased epithelial proliferation, which may be an early biologic change in the development of gastric carcinoma, can be measured using silver stain for nuclear organizer regions (AgNOR). AIM: To detect the relation between H. pylori colonization and AgNOR index. METHODS: One hundred and twenty consecutive antral endoscopic biopsy specimens from patients with dyspepsia were examined for H. pylori colonization, polymorphonuclear infiltrate, mononuclear infiltrate, germinal center formation, mucus depletion and AgNOR index. RESULTS: AgNOR indices were not significantly related to grades of H. pylori colonization and chronic and active inflammation. The index increased significantly (p=0.03; ANOVA) with increasing mucin depletion. CONCLUSION: H. pylori colonization and presence of gastric antral inflammation are not related to cell proliferation activity; the latter is associated with mucin depletion.

Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia is associated with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the prostate.

BACKGROUND: Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) are both small glandular proliferations that are histologically and topographically unique. METHODS: One hundred ten randomly selected, whole-mount, radical prostatectomy specimens were reviewed to assess independently the normal histology of the prostatic urethra and periurethral area and the association of AAH with other pathologic features, including VMGH. The degree of nodular hyperplasia was evaluated by total prostate weight for comparison purposes. RESULTS: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia was found in 37 cases (33.6%) and was nearly always (32/37) associated with nodules of nodular hyperplasia. Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia was present in 32 cases (29.1%; 21 with AAH, 11 without AAH). There was a significant association between presence of VMGH and AAH (P <.001, Fisher exact test). The degree of nodular hyperplasia was not significantly different between prostates with and without VMGH or AAH. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AAH and VMGH occur more commonly in prostates when the other is also present.

Stromal microcalcification in prostate.

Prostatic calcification is most commonly encountered as calculus or intraluminal calcifications within atypical small glandular proliferations. This study was undertaken to detect stromal microcalcifications in prostate tissue. All slides from 194 needle biopsies were retrospectively reviewed. Six cases (3.1%) had stromal microcalcifications constantly associated with mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate around the each focus. Association with prostatic glands was not seen in any of the microcalcification foci. Three cases had simultaneous adenocarcinoma and one had high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, all of which were apart from the microcalcification foci. In conclusion, stromal microcalcification is a dystrophic, inflammation-mediated, benign process.

Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia: a variant of fibrous dysplasia.

Eight cases of fibrous dysplasia having enchondroma-like areas (fibrocartilaginous dysplasia) are reported. Four patients were male, four were female. The patients' ages ranged from 8 to 18 years (mean = 11.3 years). In seven cases, the lesions were located at the proximal femur while one was at the tibial diaphysis. Histologically, large, well-defined, sharply demarcated islands of hyaline cartilage tissue were seen within the typical fibro-osseous stroma of fibrous dysplasia. Some of the cartilage islands showed growth plate-like enchondral ossification at the periphery. Cartilage islands were mostly low in cellularity but infrequently, hypercellular areas were detected. Prolonged growth plate columns or developmental cartilage nests are considered in the origin of the cartilaginous component. In the differential diagnosis from benign and malignant chondroid tumours, the lack of atypia in the surrounding fibrous stroma is important.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Report of a case diagnosed with fine needle aspiration cytology.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign, inflammatory breast disease of unknown etiology. Although it is rare, it frequently presents in a manner similar to that of breast carcinoma. CASE: A 41-year-old female developed unilateral idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The clinical presentation and mammographic findings were suspicious for carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed granulomatous inflammation. Histopathologic examination revealed a noncaseating, granulomatous lesion. Further clinical, radiologic and laboratory investigations disclosed no etiology. Therefore, we considered the case to be idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. CONCLUSION: Cytologically it may be difficult to distinguish IGM from carcinoma of the breast. Typical cytologic findings of the lesion are helpful to rule out cancer. In the differential diagnosis, all known causes of granulomatous changes have to be excluded before a diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is made.

Side effects of tamoxifen in oophorectomized rats.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the direct effect of tamoxifen citrate (TAM) on the endometrium, liver, breast tissue and the lipid profile in oophorectomized (OX) rats. STUDY DESIGN: An experimental animal study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-one mature rats (33 OX) were randomly divided into four groups and received either TAM (0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg p.o.) therapy or placebo over 60 days as follows: (1) sham; (2) OX + TAM (0.4 mg/kg); (3) OX + TAM (0.8 mg/kg); (4) OX. All histological changes in the endometrium, liver and breast tissue were evaluated under the light microscope by comparing the TAM-treated groups with the OX and sham-operated groups. Blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also analyzed. RESULTS: TAM-treated rats showed a significant reduction in body weight, blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but the wet uterine weight was not affected. Estrogenic effects of TAM were not detected with either dosage on the endometrium. TAM-treated groups showed atrophic breast tissue. No histopathological changes were detected in the liver with TAM treatment. CONCLUSION: The data suggests that TAM may not act as an estrogen receptor agonist with the given dosage on the endometrium in OX rats. Two different doses of TAM do not cause histological changes in liver over 60 days of treatment.

Bilateral inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus associated with psoriasis.

Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus is a benign hyperplasia of the epidermis. Bilateral distribution of inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus is an extremely rare presentation. Although inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus is generally accepted as a distinct entity, it has similar clinical and histopathologic features to psoriasis, or they occasionally may overlap. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy with bilateral inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus who also had psoriasis.