Caracterização físico-química e análises por espectrofotometria e cromatografia de Peperomia pellucida L. (H. B. K. ) / Physical chemical characterization and spectrophotometric analysis and chromatography (TLC) of the Peperomia pellucida L. (H. B. K. )

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização físico-química do pó e da tintura, e análise por espectrofotometria e cromatografia do extrato seco de Peperomia pellucida L. (H. B. K.). As metodologias seguiram a Farmacopéia Brasileira IV ed., com exceção da prospecção química, da espectrofotometria, da obtenção do perfil cromatográfico do extrato seco, e determinação do resíduo seco. A prospecção química revelou a presença de saponinas espumídicas; açúcares redutores; proteínas e aminoácidos; fenóis; taninos; flavonóides; esteróides e triterpenóides. Na análise por CCD, o melhor perfil da fração flavonoídica foi obtido com MeOH/CHOOH (90:10). Foi confirmada, através de CLAE, a presença de 3',4',7-tri-O-metoxiflavona no extrato seco deste material vegetal. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para a determinação de especificações de uma futura monografia em Farmacopéias da Peperomia pellucida L. (H.B.K.).

The aim of this study was the physical chemical characterization of the powder and the tincture, and the chromatographic and spectrophotometric analysis of the Peperomiapellucida L. (H. B. K.) dry extract. The methodology followed the Farmacopeia Brasileira IV ed., except for the chemical prospection, the chromatographic profile obtained and the spectrophotometry of the dry extract, and determination of dried residues. The chemical prospection revealed the presence of foaming saponins; reducing sugars; proteins and amino acids; phenols; tannins; flavonoids; steroids and triterpenoids; depsideos and depsidones. The best profile from TLC for flavonoidic fraction was obtained with methanol/formic acid (90:10 v/v). HPLC confirmed the presence of 3 ',4',7-tri-methoxyflavone in the dry extract of the plant material. The results obtained in this work should contribute for the determination of specifications for a future monograph on Peperomia pellucida L. (H.B.K.).

Indicadores básicos de recursos humanos en salud 2013 / Basic indicators of human resources in health 2013

El sector salud en general se ha caracterizado sobre todo por su dinamismo funcional y su complejidad en cuanto a instituciones que componen al sector. Dicha estructura se integra con Instituciones públicas y privadas, cada una con una perspectiva y visión distinta de la realidad. Es dentro de esta estructura que se desempeña el Recurso Humano en Salud (RHS), entre las Instituciones que lo forman, que lo acreditan, que lo habilitan, que lo regulan y que lo emplean. La atención en salud y el entorno sanitario requieren y utilizan de forma intensa recursos humanos, y a diferencia de otros sectores de actividad, el área de la salud demanda mano de obra independientemente de los diversos avances tecnológicos que se han conseguido en los últimos tiempos y que en muchos casos han sustituido al recurso humano; por el contrario el sector salud y la actividad médica en un sentido general son procesos que conllevan la urgencia de enmarcar necesidades adicionales de personal acordes a cada nuevo procedimiento preventivo y diagnóstico terapéutico . Hemos entendido que los recursos humanos siguen estando en el centro de la ecuación del sistema de atención, estos no solo constituyen una pieza fundamental, sino que aún son el bien más costoso y valioso de la atención en salud. Es siguiendo este lineamiento que el Observatorio de Recursos Humanos en Salud del Uruguay (ORHSU) ha lanzado este boletín, en el cual se integran y desarrollan una serie de indicadores básicos referentes a la formación, dotación y mercado de trabajo del personal sanitario en el Uruguay. (AU)

Relationship of IL-1 and TNF-α polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori in gastric diseases in a Brazilian population

It is well known that the risk of development of gastric cancer (GC) in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients depends on several factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms for IL-1β, IL-1RN and TNF-α on the development of GC in a Brazilian population. A total of 202 biopsies obtained from Brazilian patients with chronic gastritis and GC were included in the study. Infection with H. pylori cagA+ was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as previously described. IL-1β, IL-1RN and TNF-α polymorphism genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. Associations between gene polymorphisms, clinical diseases and virulence markers were evaluated using either the χ² test or the Fisher exact test. Our results demonstrated that the IL-1β -511 C/C and IL-1β -511 C/T alleles were associated with chronic gastritis in H. pylori-positive patients (P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively) and the IL-1β -511 C/C genotype was associated with GC (P = 0.03). The frequency of IL-1RN alleles from patients with chronic gastritis and GC indicated that there was no difference between the genotypes of the groups studied. Similar results were found for TNF-α -308 gene polymorphisms. Our results indicate that the IL-1β -511 C/C and C/T gene polymorphisms are associated with chronic gastritis and GC development in H. pylori-infected individuals.

Gastroprotective activity of α-terpineol in two experimental models of gastric ulcer in rats.

BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Several plant essential oils, as well as terpenes present in essential oils, have shown gastroprotective activity. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of α-terpineol, a monoterpene alcohol which is present in essential oils of various plants. METHODS: The gastroprotective activity of α-terpineol was evaluated in rats by assessing the changes in ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer scores and on gastric secretory volume and total acidity in pylorus-ligated rats. Alpha-terpineol was administrated orally at the doses of 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg one hour before administration of the ulcer inducing agents by the pylorus ligation procedure. The involvement of endogenous prostaglandins in the protective effect of α-terpineol in ethanol-induced gastric lesions test was assessed by administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg, s.c.) 30 min before oral administration of α-terpineol at the dose of 50 mg/kg. RESULTS: α-terpineol presented gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced ulcers at the doses of 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg. Epoxy-carvone at the dose of 10 mg/kg did not present gastroprotective activity against ulcer induced by indomethacin, but at the doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg it attenuated the gastric damages induced by this agent significantly. Pretreatment with indomethacin did not prevent the gastroprotective effect of α-terpineol on ethanol-induced ulcers. Alpha-terpineol also did not affect the gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. MAJOR CONCLUSION: The results suggest that α-terpineol presents gastroprotective action which does not involve either an increase in the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandin or a decrease in the gastric acid secretion.

Production of Trichophyton mentagrophytes antigens and their characterization in mice

The participation of dermatophytic antigens in the host-parasite balance is still poorly understood. One of the difficulties encountered by researchers is the lack of dominant and specific antigens that can be used in such studies. In order to contribute to a better understanding of this aspect of infection, the present study identifies antigen fractions obtained from exoantigen and cytoplasmic extracts of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed the presence of 13 proteins in the exoantigen extract, whose molecular weight ranged from 12.5 to 90 kDa. The cytoplasmic extract contained 18 protein fractions ranging from 11 to 110 kDa. Immunoblotting showed the presence of immunodominant antigens against IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. This affinity was observed in three proteins of the exoantigen extract and in three proteins of the cytoplasmic extract, with respective molecular weights of 33, 39 and 59, and 40, 55 and 82 kDa. These results are promising, especially when considering that these extracts contain antigenically distinct protein fractions which, once determined, may contribute to a better understanding of dermatophytoses, and may thus help in the development of alternative strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Effect of fibrin glue derived from snake venom on the viability of autogenous split-thickness skin graft

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of snake venom derived from fibrin glue on the viability of split-thickness skin graft. Nine crossbreed dogs were used. Full-thickness skin segments measuring 4 x 4 cm were bilaterally excised from the proximal radial area on each dog. A split-thickness skin graft was harvestedfrom left lateral thoracic area using a freehand graft knife, and was secured to the left recipient bed using several simple interrupted sutures of 3-0 nylon (sutured graft). A split-thickness skin graft was harvested from the right lateral thoracic area using a graft knife. Fibrin glue derived from snake venom was applied to the recipient bed, and 8 equidistant simple interrupted sutures of 3-0 nylon were used to secure the skin graft (glued graft). Viable and nonviable areas were traced on a transparent sheet and measured using a Nikon Photomicroscope connected to a KS-300 image analysis system. The skin graft and recipient bed were collected from three dogs at day 7, 15, and 30 postoperative. The glued grafts had statistically higher graft viability than sutured grafts. Histological examination showed that the tissue repair process in the glued grafts was more accentuated than sutured grafts. It was possible to conclude that fibrin glue derived from snake venom increased survival of autogenous split-thickness skin graft.

Avaliação soroepidemiológica do vírus influenza em aves domésticas e silvestres no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

The presence of antibodies to the avian influenza virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2, was studied through the technique of hemagglutination inhibition in the plasma of 225 birds of RIO-ZOO Foundation, Bwana Park and of small flocks of the Rio de Janeiro State. Among the studied birds, 60 (26.6%) were seropositives, being 22 (9.8%) for the subtype H1N1, 28 (12.4%) for the subtype H3N2 and 10 (4.4%) for both subtypes. These results indicate the occurrence of these avian influenza virus subtypes in Rio de Janeiro and point out the potential risk of their transmission for the industrial poultry and humans.

Estudou-se a presença de anticorpos para o vírus da influenza aviária, subtipos H1N1 e H3N2, por meio da técnica de inibição da hemaglutinação no plasma de 225 aves da Fundação RIO-ZOO, do Bwana Park e de pequenas criações do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entre as aves estudadas 60 (26,6%) foram soropositivas, sendo 22 (9,8%) para o subtipo H1N1, 28 (12,4%) para o subtipo H3N2 e 10 (4,4%) para os dois subtipos. Esses resultados indicam a ocorrência dos subtipos do vírus da influenza aviária investigados no Rio de Janeiro e apontam para o risco potencial de sua transmissão para a avicultura industrial e para pessoas.

Diabetes Mellitus e dislipidemia / Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia

Diabetes mellitus é uma patologia que afeta em proporção crescente a população de regiões que vão se tornando progressivamente mais industrializadas. Comparativamente, o grau de dislipidemia é maior nos indivíduos com diabetes mellitus do que nos pacientes com o mesmo grau de obesidade não-diabéticos. Em conseqüência, angina pectoris e infarto do miocárdio são mais freqüentes e mais sutis, dificultando o diagnóstico, além do que a cardiomiopatia diabética leva a maior falência cardíaca

Conocimientos y prácticas del personal de Salud (médicos y enfermeras) en el manejo de cinco años en el Paraguay

El programa de controlde las enfermedades diarreiras de la OMS se inicio en 1978, a pesar de los logros la diarrea aguda en Paraguay se en cuentra aun entre las primeras tres causas de mobimostalidad infantil y niños menores de cinco años

La gerencia de calidad total en salud / Management of total quality in health

El propósito de este capítulo es ayudar en la formación y mantenimiento de los "Equipos de Trabajo", compartir herramientas para conducir sus reuniones y presentaciones, las estrategias que estos equipos pueden usar para resolver problemas y cómo prevenir y resolver conflictos. Para que un equipo de salud tenga éxito, no solamente requiere de habilidades técnicas de cada uno de sus miembros. Es fundamental que sus integrantes sepan cómo manejar los principales problemas que van a enfrentar. Por esto, en este capítulo primero revisaremos la justificación del equipo de trabajo, su conformación y su estrategia de desarrollo. Después, daremos técnicas prácticas para realizar reuniones productivas, ya que es la principal herramienta del equipo. Finalmente, enseñaremos técnicas para resolver los conflictos que pueden aparecer dentro del equipo y las bases de una negociación de doble ganador

[Usefulness of bone-marrow culture in the etiological diagnosis of septicemia]. / Utilidad del mielocultivo en el diagnóstico etiológico de la septicemia.

Considerations are made on the importance of septicemia and the difficulty for an early diagnosis in most patients. The great usefulness shown by bone-marrow culture in the diagnosis of typhoid fever is pointed out and it is considered that this procedure may lend great help in the etiologic diagnosis of general infections. Twenty patients with septicemia are analyzed and the frequency of bone-marrow culture and of blood culture positiveness are compared and it is found that the percentage is greater for the first than for the second.