RESUMO
Inhibition of autophagy increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and improves the therapeutic effect on tumors. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with chemotherapy has been proven to further improve the efficiency of cancer treatment. As such, combining autophagy inhibition with PDT and chemotherapy may represent a potentially effective new strategy for cancer treatment. However, currently widely studied autophagy inhibitors inevitably produce various toxic side effects due to their inherent pharmacological activity. To overcome this constraint, in this study, we designed an ideal multifunctional upconversion nanoplatform, UCNP-Ce6-EPI@mPPA + NIR (MUCEN). Control, UCNP-EPI@mPPA (MUE), UCNP-EPI@mPPA + NIR (MUEN), Ce6-EPI@mPPA (MCE), Ce6-EPI@mPPA + NIR (MCEN), and UCNP-Ce6-EPI@mPPA (MUCE) groups were set up separately as controls. Based on a combination of autophagy inhibition and PDT, the average particle size of MUCEN was 197 nm, which can simultaneously achieve the double encapsulation of chlorine e6 (Ce6) and epirubicin (EPI). In vitro tests revealed that MUCE was efficiently endocytosed by 4T1 cells under near-infrared light irradiation. Further, in vivo tests revealed that MUCE dramatically inhibited tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry results indicated that MUCE efficiently increased the expression of autophagy inhibitors p62 and LC3 in tumor tissues. The synergistic effect of autophagy inhibition and PDT with MUCE exhibited superior tumor suppression, providing an innovative approach to cancer treatment.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious public health issue that threatens human health and economic development. Presently, differences in the prevalence of DVT among individuals from different nationalities, residents of high-altitude areas, and those consuming any special diet are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the prevalence of and the associated risk factors for DVT in hospitalized patients in the plateau areas. METHODS: The subjects were hospitalized patients in three grade III-a hospitals in the Qinghai Province, China, during January-October 2020. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at admission, and ultrasonography of the bilateral lower extremities was performed. The hospital stay-duration was recorded at the time of discharge. RESULTS: A total of 3432 patients were enrolled, of which 159 (4.60%) were diagnosed with DVT. The age of > 50 years (OR = 2.434, 95% CI: 1.521-3.894252, P < 0.001), residence altitude of ≥ 3000 m (OR = 2.346, 95% CI: 1.239-4.440, P = 0.009), D-dimer level of ≥ 0.5 mg/L (OR = 2.211, 95% CI: 1.547-3.161, P < 0.001), presence of comorbidities (OR = 1.904, 95% CI: 1.386-2.705, P < 0.001), a history of varicose veins (OR = 1.990, 95% CI: 0.959-4.128, P = 0.045), and current medications (OR = 2.484, 95% CI: 1.778-3.471, P < 0.001) were identified as risk factors for DVT in these plateau areas. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DVT in the hospitalized patients of the studied plateau areas was 4.60%. We recommend considering individualized risk stratification (age > 50 years, residence altitude ≥ 3000 m, a history of varicose veins, D-dimer level ≥ 0.5 mg/L, current medications, and comorbidities) for patients at the time of admission.
Assuntos
Hospitalização , Trombose Venosa , Humanos , Trombose Venosa/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Prevalência , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Adulto , AltitudeAssuntos
Obstrução Intestinal , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural , Humanos , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Obstrução Intestinal/cirurgia , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/complicações , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/patologia , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Masculino , Intestino Delgado/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The high-residual and bioaccumulation property of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) creates enormous risks towards the ecological environment and human health, promoting the research for smart adsorbents and detection methods. Herein, 2D hemin-bridged MOF nanozyme (2D-ZHM) was fabricated and applied to the efficient removal and ultrasensitive dual-mode aptasensing of OPs. On the one hand, the prepared 2D-ZHM contained Zr-OH groups with high affinity for phosphate groups, endowing it with selective recognition and high adsorption capacity for OPs (285.7 mg g-1 for glyphosate). On the other hand, the enhanced peroxidase-mimicking biocatalytic property of 2D-ZHM allowed rapid H2O2-directed transformation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine to oxidic product, producing detectable colorimetric or photothermal signals. Using aptamers of specific recognition capacity, the rapid quantification of two typical OPs, glyphosate and omethoate, was realized with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity. The limit of detections (LODs) of glyphosate were 0.004 nM and 0.02 nM for colorimetric and photothermal methods, respectively, and the LODs of omethoate were 0.005 nM and 0.04 nM for colorimetric and photothermal methods, respectively. The constructed dual-mode aptasensing platform exhibited outstanding performance for monitoring OPs in water and fruit samples. This work provides a novel pathway to develop MOF-based artificial peroxidase and integrated platform for pollutant removal and multi-mode aptasensing.
Assuntos
Glicina , Glifosato , Hemina , Limite de Detecção , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Praguicidas , Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/química , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Hemina/química , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/química , Glicina/análise , Colorimetria/métodos , Benzidinas/química , Adsorção , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Dimetoato/análise , Dimetoato/química , Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos/química , Compostos Organofosforados/análise , Compostos Organofosforados/químicaRESUMO
Objective: The population is aging exponentially and the resulting frailty is becoming increasingly evident. We aimed to explore the association between altitude and frailty, and to identify associated factors for frailty. Methods: This is a community-based cross-sectional survey. 1,298 participants aged ≥60 years from three different altitudes were included in the study. To quantify frailty, we constructed a frailty index (FI) and a frailty score (FS). The FI was divided into non-frailty, prefrailty, and frailty. The Odds Ratios and confidence intervals (ORs, 95%CIs) were used to evaluate the association between altitude and FI and FS in multivariate ordinal logistic regression and linear regression. Results: There were 560 (53.1%) participants in the prefrailty and 488 (37.6%) in the frailty group. The FS increased with higher altitude (P for trend <0.001). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed an association between altitude and frailty, OR = 1.91 (95% CI: 1.38-2.64) in mid-high altitude and 2.49 (95% CI:1.40-4.45) in high altitude. The same trend of association was found in the univariate analysis. The FS increased by 1.69 (95% CI: 0.78-2.60) at mid-high altitude and 3.24 (95%CI:1.66-4.81) at high altitude compared to medium altitude. Conclusion: The study indicates that high altitude exposure is an associated factor for frailty in older adults. This association become stronger with higher altitudes. As a result, it is essential to conduct early frailty screening for residents living at high altitudes.
Assuntos
Fragilidade , Humanos , Idoso , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Altitude , Estudos Transversais , Vida Independente , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although there is growing demand for hospice care in China due to its aging population and increasing cancer rates, the sector remains slow to expand. Oncology nurses are the primary providers of hospice care, but little is known about their behaviors towards hospice care and related factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conveniently sampled 933 oncology nurses from six grade A tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province between January to March 2022. The questionnaire was composed of seven parts: general information (including sociodemographic and work-related information), hospice care behaviors, hospice care knowledge, hospice care attitudes, hospice care self-efficacy, hospice care outcome expectancy, and hospice care environment. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, random forest regression, and BP neural network model analysis. RESULTS: A total of 852 questionnaires were valid. The mean score of hospice care behaviors was 50.47 ± 10.56, with a mean item score of 3.61 ± 0.75. The three highest scoring behaviors were "pain assessment of patients (4.21 ± 0.91)", "satisfying the physical and mental needs of dying patients (4.04 ± 0.92)", and "creating good relationships between the medical staff and family members (4.02 ± 0.87)". The two lowest-scoring behaviors were "proactively recommending medical institutions for hospice care to terminally ill patients and their families (2.55 ± 1.10)" and "proactively talking to patients and families about death-related topics for patients who are critically ill and cannot be reversed (2.87 ± 1.03)." Multiple linear regression, random forest regression, and BP neural network models all showed that the frequency of sharing hospice care experiences with colleagues, hospice care attitudes, hospice care self-efficacy, and hospice care environments were positively associated with hospice care behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of hospice care behaviors among Chinese oncology nurses is generally at a moderate to high level. The results provide a basis for promoting hospice care behaviors among oncology nurses in order to improve the quality of life for terminally ill cancer patients.
Assuntos
Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida , Neoplasias , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar , Humanos , Idoso , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Qualidade de Vida , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Teoria Psicológica , Atitude do Pessoal de SaúdeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a group of neurological syndromes involving the meninges, brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves and is characterized by sensitivity to steroid therapy. Due to the diverse clinical presentation and lack of uniform diagnostic criteria, GFAP-A can easily be overlooked or diagnosed as another disease. It is even rarer when presenting as an isolated spinal cord lesion. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 70-year-old man with initial symptoms of numbness and weakness in both lower limbs, followed by difficulty in urination and defecation, and progression of numbness upward to the hands. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion in the spinal cord from cervical level 2 to thoracic 7 in a T2-weighted image. T1-weighted image showed a punctate, lamellar strengthening lesion with significant spinal strengthening. GFAP immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. After treatment with intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG), the patient symptoms improved and spinal cord enhancement was reduced. CONCLUSION: Long segment cases with punctate and patchy enhancement of the spinal cord are difficult to distinguish from CLAPPERS, so GFAP-A antibody detection is very important. This atypical case also increases neurologists' understanding of GFAP-A.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Hipestesia , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , AutoanticorposRESUMO
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that carry a comparatively small set of genetic information, typically consisting of a few thousand genes that can be selectively activated or repressed in an energy-efficient manner and transcribed to encode various biological functions in accordance with environmental changes. Research over the last few decades has uncovered various ingenious molecular mechanisms that allow bacterial pathogens to sense and respond to different environmental cues or signals to activate or suppress the expression of specific genes in order to suppress host defenses and establish infections. In the setting of infection, pathogenic bacteria have evolved various intelligent mechanisms to reprogram their virulence to adapt to environmental changes and maintain a dominant advantage over host and microbial competitors in new niches. This review summarizes the bacterial virulence programming mechanisms that enable pathogens to switch from acute to chronic infection, from local to systemic infection, and from infection to colonization. It also discusses the implications of these findings for the development of new strategies to combat bacterial infections.
Assuntos
Bactérias , Virulência , Bactérias/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program on postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. METHODS: Patients, more than 60 years old, undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary resection for non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into GDFT group and restrictive fluid therapy (RFT) group. ERAS program was implemented in all patients. In GDFT group, the intraoperative fluid management was guided by stroke volume variation (SVV), cardiac index (CI), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and maintained the SVV < 13%, CI > 2.5 L/min/m2, and MAP > 65 mmHg. In RFT group, fluid maintenance with 2 ml/kg/h of balanced crystalloid solution, norepinephrine was used to maintain MAP > 65 mmHg. The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and pulmonary and cardiac complications was compared. RESULTS: Two-hundred seventy-six patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (138 in each group). Compared to RFT group, the total intraoperative infusion volume, colloids infusion volume, and urine output were more; the dosage of norepinephrine was lower in GDFT group. Although there were no significant differences of postoperative AKI (GDFT vs RFT; 4.3% vs 8%; P = 0.317) and composite postoperative complications (GDFT vs RFT; 66 vs 70) between groups, but the postoperative increase degree of serum creatinine was lower in GDFT group than that in RFT group (GDFT vs RFT; 91.9 ± 25.2 µmol/L vs 97.1 ± 17.6 µmol/L; P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Under ERAS program, there was no significant difference of AKI incidence between GDFT and RFT in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. But postoperative increase degree of serum creatinine was lower in GDFT group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04302467 on 26 February 2020.
RESUMO
The planar state of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) often exhibits oily streak defects, which negatively impact the characteristics of precision optics, including transmission and selective reflection. In this paper, we introduced polymerizable monomers into liquid crystals and examined the effects of monomer concentration, polymerization light intensity, and chiral dopant concentration on oily streak defects in CLC. With the proposed method of heating cholesteric liquid crystals to the isotropic phase followed by rapid cooling, the oil streak defects presented in the liquid crystal can be successfully eliminated. Furthermore, a stable focal conic state can be obtained by a slow cooling process. Two stable states with different optical properties can be obtained based on the cholesteric liquid crystal at different cooling rates, which makes it possible to detect whether the stored procedure of temperature-sensitive material is qualified. These findings have widespread applications in devices that require a planar state without oily streak defects and temperature-sensitive detection devices.
RESUMO
The biological cross-sectional images majorly consist of closed-loop structures, which are suitable to be represented by the second-order shearlet system with curvature (Bendlet). In this study, an adaptive filter method for preserving textures in the bendlet domain is proposed. The Bendlet system represents the original image as an image feature database based on image size and Bendlet parameters. This database can be divided into image high-frequency and low-frequency sub-bands separately. The low-frequency sub-bands adequately represent the closed-loop structure of the cross-sectional images and the high-frequency sub-bands accurately represent the detailed textural features of the images, which reflect the characteristics of Bendlet and can be effectively distinguished from the Shearlet system. The proposed method takes full advantage of this feature, then selects the appropriate thresholds based on the images' texture distribution characteristics in the database to eliminate noise. The locust slice images are taken as an example to test the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly eliminate the low-level Gaussian noise and protect the image information compared with other popular denoising algorithms. The PSNR and SSIM obtained are better than other methods. The proposed algorithm can be effectively applied to other biological cross-sectional images.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Razão Sinal-Ruído , Imagens de Fantasmas , Distribuição Normal , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic pulmonary disease in premature infants. Blood proteins may be early predictors of the development of this disease. METHODS: In this study, protein expression profiles (blood samples during their first week of life) and clinical data of the GSE121097 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential protein analysis were carried out for variable dimensionality reduction and feature selection. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were conducted for BPD prediction model development. The performance of the model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve. RESULTS: The results showed that black module, magenta module and turquoise module, which included 270 proteins, were significantly correlated with the occurrence of BPD. 59 proteins overlapped between differential analysis results and above three modules. These proteins were significantly enriched in 253 GO terms and 11 KEGG signaling pathways. Then, 59 proteins were reduced to 8 proteins by LASSO analysis in the training cohort. The proteins model showed good BPD predictive performance, with an AUC of 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.00) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.90-1.00) in training cohort and test cohort, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study established a reliable blood-protein based model for early prediction of BPD in premature infants. This may help elucidate pathways to target in lessening the burden or severity of BPD.
Assuntos
Displasia Broncopulmonar , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico , Displasia Broncopulmonar/genética , Idade Gestacional , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Curva ROCRESUMO
Bistable polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) devices have been extensively researched due to their energy-saving benefits. Compared to devices with merely transparent and light-scattering states, LC devices with controlled light absorption or changeable color functions are unquestionably more intriguing. In this paper, a polymer-stabilized ion-doped cholesteric LC and an electrochromic layer are used to fabricate a colorable device which can show four operating states: transparent, light-scattering, colored transparent, and colored light-scattering. The working principle and fabrication strategy are explained in detail. Based on the dielectric response of LC, the electrohydrodynamic effect of ion-doped LC, and the redox reaction of electrochromic materials, the transparent or light-scattering state and the colored or colorless state of the device can be regulated by controlling the alternating frequency and the direction of the electric field. The display performance related to the monomer, chiral dopant, and electrochromic layer is investigated. The content of monomer and chiral dopant affects the polymer network and pitch of cholesteric LC, which then affects the driving voltages and contrast ratio. The thickness of the electrochromic layer has a significant impact on the transmittance of the device's coloring and fading states. The sample with excellent operating states is obtained by optimizing the material and the construction, which can be widely applied in smart windows and energy-saving display devices.
RESUMO
An electro-triggered cascade cyclization strategy was disclosed with concomitant phosphinylation and N-heterocycle construction. It provides a novel and environmentally friendly approach to access phosphinyl-substituted N-heterocycles with no external metal catalyst, oxidant, or heating. Mechanistic studies have revealed that anodic oxidation of H-phosphorus compounds occurs first to generate the key P-centered radical directly and cathodic reduction leads to the concurrent release of molecular hydrogen or methane. This protocol features simple operation, broad substrate scope, clean and mild conditions, and atom and step economy to form heterocycle-containing organophosphorus scaffolds.
RESUMO
Microbial communities have been identified as the primary inhabitants of Arctic forefields. However, the metabolic potential of microbial communities in these newly exposed soils remains underexplored due to limited access. Here, we sampled the very edge of the glacial forefield in Svalbard and performed the 16S rRNA genes and metagenomic analysis to illustrate the ecosystem characteristics. Burkholderiales and Micrococcales were the dominant bacterial groups at the initial stage of soil development of glacial forefields. 214 metagenome-assembled genomes were recovered from glacier forefield microbiome datasets, including only 2 belonging to archaea. Analysis of these metagenome-assembled genomes revealed that 41% of assembled genomes had the genetic potential to use nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptors. Metabolic pathway reconstruction for these microbes suggested versatility for sulfide and thiosulfate oxidation, H2 and CO utilization, and CO2 fixation. Our results indicate the importance of anaerobic processes in elemental cycling in the glacial forefields. Besides, a range of genes related to adaption to low temperature and other stresses were detected, which revealed the presence of diverse mechanisms of adaption to the extreme environment of Svalbard. This research provides ecological insight into the initial stage of the soil developed during the retreating of glaciers.
Assuntos
Microbiota , Solo , Solo/química , Svalbard , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Bactérias/genética , Microbiota/genética , Camada de Gelo/microbiologia , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
The sustainability of estuarine ecosystem functions depends on the stabilization of microbial ecological processes. However, due to the unique and variable habitat characteristics of estuarine areas, in-depth studies on ecological processes such as the spatial distribution and assembly patterns of microbial community structure are lacking. As methods to elucidate this structure, we used 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA and ITS sequencing technologies to study the composition, diversity, spatial pattern and aggregation mechanism of the bacterial, protist and fungal communities in the tidal zones of the Pearl River Estuary (PRETZ). The abundance of bacterial communities was much higher than that of protists and fungi, and the spatial pattern was obvious in PRETZ. The application of neutral and null models revealed the assembly process of three microbial communities dominated by stochastic processes. Among the stochastic processes, undominated processes (64.03 %, 62.45 %, and 59.29 %) were the most critical processes in the assembly of bacterial, fungal and protist communities. Meanwhile, environmental variables, geographic locations, and biological factors were associated with the composition and assembly of bacterial, protist, and fungal communities. Among the environmental variables, dissolved oxygen and salinity were the main predictors that jointly affected the differences in the community structure of the three microorganisms, and geographic location was the second predictor affecting the community structure of the three microorganisms and had a more pronounced effect on the diversity and network structure of the bacterial and fungal communities. However, biological factors exerted a weaker effect on the microbial community structure than spatial factors and only affected bacteria and protists; the invasive species Mytilopsis sallei only affected the process of protist community assembly. In addition, environmental variables affected the relative importance of stochastic processes. In summary, the formation of microbial communities in the PRETZ was affected by random processes, environmental variables, geographic location, and invasive species.
Assuntos
Bivalves , Microbiota , Animais , Estuários , Rios , Bactérias , Bivalves/genética , Eucariotos , Espécies Introduzidas , DNA Ribossômico , Fatores BiológicosRESUMO
CDYL is a chromodomain protein that has been identified as a transcriptional co-repressor that is primarily involved in the formation of repressor complexes which coordinate histone modifications to repress gene transcription. However, most functions and mechanisms of action of the CDYL protein are unknown. In this study, we show that Cdyl-/- mice died of respiratory distress immediately at birth because of distinct abnormalities in distal lung morphogenesis which was characterized by thickened septal and expiratory alveolus atelectasis. Furthermore, Cdyl deletion in mice led to excessive proliferation of immature epithelial cells and an arrest in alveolar epithelium cell differentiation in late gestation which were associated with decreased secretion of mature surfactant proteins in alveolus. Microarray analysis showed that Cdyl gene deletion influenced the expression of genes regulating neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, cell adhesion, and cell cycle. We validated that Cdyl repressed the transcriptional activity of Cks1 in vitro. In conclusion, Cdyl gene participates in the perinatal respiratory epithelium differentiation and maturation that is important for normal lung function at birth.
Assuntos
Hidroliases , Fatores de Transcrição , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Gravidez , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Epitélio/metabolismo , Hidroliases/genética , Hidroliases/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismoRESUMO
What is already known about this topic?: Campylobacter is a significant foodborne pathogen that leads to global outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) usually affecting less than 30 individuals. Human sapovirus (HuSaV) is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of AGE worldwide. In a study conducted in Beijing, HuSaV detection ranked second after norovirus. What is added by this report?: We present a discussion of the first large-scale outbreak of AGE caused by both Campylobacter coli (C. coli) and HuSaV. The outbreak involved a total of 996 patients and exhibited two distinct peaks over a period of 17 days. Through case-control studies, we identified exposure to raw water from a secondary water supply system as a significant risk factor. Among 83 patients, 49 samples tested positive for C. coli, 39 samples tested positive for HuSaV, and 27 samples tested positive for both pathogens using real-time polymerase chain reaction detection. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing of 17 C. coli isolates obtained from 17 patients revealed that all isolates belonged to a highly clonal strain of C. coli. What are the implications for public health practice?: Outbreaks of AGE resulting from multiple pathogen infections warrant increased attention. This report emphasizes the significance of ensuring the safety of drinking water, particularly in secondary supply systems.
RESUMO
Background: Hand dysfunction is one of the main symptoms of stroke patients, but there is still a lack of accurate hand function assessment systems. This study focused on the application of the multi-dimensional intelligent visual quantitative assessment system (MDIVQAS) in the rehabilitation assessment of hand function in stroke patients and evaluate hand function rehabilitation in stroke patients. Methods: Eighty-two patients with stroke and unilateral hand dysfunction were evaluated by MDIVQAS. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to assess the internal consistency of MDIVQAS; the F-test is used to assess the differences in MDIVQAS for multiple repeated measures. Spearman's analysis was used to identify correlations of MDIVQAS with other assessment systems. t-tests were used to identify differences in outcomes assessed with MDIVQAS in patients before and after treatment. p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: (1) Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of MDIVQAS in evaluating hand's function > 0.9. (2) There was no significant difference between the other repeated measurements, except for thumb rotation in MDIVQAS. (3) MDIVQAS had a significant correlation with other assessment systems (r > 0.5, p < 0.01). (4) There were significant differences in the evaluation of hand function in patients before and after treatment using MDIVQAS. Conclusion: The MDIVQAS system has good reliability and validity in the evaluation of stroke hand function, and it can also better evaluate the treatment effect.